2024屆高考英語(yǔ)考前沖刺考綱詞匯強(qiáng)化人教版選修8 unit 2《Cloning》課件

　　11. My English teacher’s humor was ______ make every student burst into laughter. A. so as to

　　B. such as to

　　C. such that

　　D. so that 解析：選B。such用作代詞, 表示“這樣，如此”。 12. The news ______ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper. A. which

　　B. whether

　　C. what

　　D. that 解析：選D。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。 13. You are so fat that you should _____ the temptation to eat sweets. A. stop

　　B. refuse

　　C. resist

　　D. prevent 解析：選C。resist the temptation to do 表示“抵制住做某事的誘惑”。 14. Excuse me for breaking in, ______ I have some news for you. A. so

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. yet 解析：選C。這是英語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)習(xí)慣句型：Excuse me, but...。 15. This magazine is very ______ with young people, who like its content and style. A. familiar

　　B. popular

　　C. similar

　　D. particular 解析：選B。be popular with sb. 表示“受某人的歡迎”。

　　假設(shè)你班就科學(xué)家是否應(yīng)該克隆人進(jìn)行了討論，20％的同學(xué)贊成，認(rèn)為其一：有利于促進(jìn)該科學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得突破；其二：克隆智力過(guò)人的偉大科學(xué)家，人類(lèi)將擁有更多有非凡貢獻(xiàn)的人。80％的同學(xué)反對(duì)，因?yàn)檫@樣違背社會(huì)道義，克隆人沒(méi)有父母，無(wú)法像正常人一樣生活，試談?wù)勀愕目捶?。詞數(shù)120字左右。 范文背誦

　　Did you ever imagine having a child that is the exact replica（復(fù)制品） of you? Did you ever imagine of having the cure for heart disease or cancer? Well, these fantasies are not far from reach. The way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning. Cloning is the replication of an exact genetic copy of an organism by use of a somatic tissue (or cell) from the donor organism. Cloning can be used in humans, human organs, or even animals. There are many advantages and disadvantages of cloning.

　　A benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts. If a person has a dysfunctional（變形） liver or heart then they could get it cloned and get a brand new one. These are some of the benefits of cloning. Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning. One disadvantage is whether cloning is ethical. Cloning will bring up a great controversy on whether cloning is the “right” thing to do or not. This controversy is currently going on right now and will be even a greater controversy if the government allows cloning. Many people think that nature should just take its course. Other people think that cloning will be a very good thing to society. 句型背誦

　?、賂he way we could reach these fantasies is through a process called cloning.

　?、贏 benefit of cloning is cloning human organs or body parts

　　③Even though there are a lot of benefits to cloning, there are also a lot of disadvantages of cloning. 1. _______

　　vi.不同；相異 → _______ adj.不同的 → _______ n.不同;不同之處 2. _______ adj.精確的;準(zhǔn)確的 → _______ adv.精確地，準(zhǔn)確地 3. _______ adj.商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的→ _______ n.商業(yè)；貿(mào)易 4. _______ adj.簡(jiǎn)單的;直接的;坦率的 5. _______ n.程序;手續(xù);步驟 6. _______ v.著手;從事;承擔(dān) 7. ______ v. 反對(duì)；不贊成→ ______ n. 不贊成；反對(duì)；異議 8. ______ adj.道德（上）的;倫理的→ ______ adv.道德上地;倫理上地 9. ______ vt.&vi.積累;聚積→ ______ n.積累;聚積 10. ______ vi.退休;離開(kāi)→ ______ n.退休 11. ______ vt.打擾；vi.操心;n.煩擾 12. ______ n.假定；設(shè)想→ ______ v.以為；設(shè)想；承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn) 13. ______ n.規(guī)則，規(guī)章;法規(guī)→ ______ v.規(guī)范；調(diào)節(jié) → ______ adj.定期的，有規(guī)律的;正規(guī)的 14. ______ vt.抵抗，對(duì)抗→ ______ n.抵抗，反抗；抵抗力 → ______ adj.有抵抗力的 15. ______ adv.僅；只；不過(guò)→ ______ adj.僅僅的 答案：1. differ;different; difference

　　2. exact；exactly 3. commercial; commerce

　　4. straightforward

　　5. procedure 6. undertake

　　7. object; objection

　　8. moral; morally 9. accumulate;accumulation

　　10. retire；retirement

　　11. bother 12. assumption；assume

　　13. regulation; regulate; regular 14. resist; resistance; resistant

　　15. merely; mere 1. pay ______

　　得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清 2. ______ down

　　沮喪；不愉快 3. ______ to

　　反對(duì)；不贊成 4. in ______ of

　　支持；贊成 5. be ______ to do...

　　一定或注定（做）…… 6. ______ ...into one’s heart

　　使……刻骨銘心 7. from ______ to time

　　不時(shí)；偶爾 8. bring ______ to life

　　使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活 9. in ______

　　白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī) 10. in good/poor ______

　　狀況很好（壞）；情況很好（壞） 答案：1. off

　　2. cast

　　3. object

　　4. favour

　　5. bound 6. strike

　　7. time

　　8. back

　　9. vain

　　10. condition The fact

　　______ she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

　　多莉看來(lái)是在正常地成長(zhǎng)著，這很令人鼓舞。 答案：that 1. undertake vt.著手;從事;承擔(dān)；承諾，答應(yīng) The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科學(xué)家從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。 I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。 He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答應(yīng)星期五之前完成這項(xiàng)工作。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： undertake sth. 著手/從事/承擔(dān)某事 undertake to do sth. 保證/答應(yīng)做某事 undertake that ... 保證…… 【即學(xué)即練】

　　完成句子 ①他欣然承擔(dān)那項(xiàng)艱難的任務(wù)。 He

　　______ the difficult task willingly. ②他許諾當(dāng)我們的向?qū)А?He

　　______ ______ ______ our guide. 答案：①u(mài)ndertook ②undertook

　　to

　　be 單項(xiàng)填空 ③He _______ to improve the working conditions and the workers were expecting it. A. undertook

　　B. allowed C. answered

　　D. admitted 解析：選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。undertake此處意為“答應(yīng)”相當(dāng)于promise。 溫馨提示：其過(guò)去式為：undertook;過(guò)去分詞為：undertaken。 2. objection n. 不贊成；反對(duì)；異議 Nobody raised any objection to my doing it right now.

　　沒(méi)人反對(duì),我現(xiàn)在就做這件事。 The chief objection to the essay is its inappropriate use of special jargons.

　　這篇文章的主要缺點(diǎn)是專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)用得不當(dāng)。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 object表示“反對(duì)”，為不及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)需要加介詞to。oppose表示“反對(duì)”，為及物動(dòng)詞，接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不加介詞to。但是在be opposed to中需要加介詞to，表示“反對(duì)……，與……相反”。 object to sb./sth. 不贊成某人/某事(to為介詞) object to （sb.）doing sth. 反對(duì)(某人)做某事 object that ...反對(duì)…… It was objected that ...有人反對(duì)…… 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： have/make an objection to （doing）sth. 對(duì)……表示反對(duì) 【即學(xué)即練】

　　完成句子 ①我們反對(duì)受到這樣的待遇。 We

　　_____ ______ ______

　　treated like this. ②母親反對(duì)說(shuō)，吉米身體太虛弱，不能承擔(dān)那份工作。 Mother

　　______ ______

　　Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. 答案：①object to being

　　②objected that 3. obtain vt. 獲得；贏得 I haven’t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到處都沒(méi)買(mǎi)到那張唱片。 He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他說(shuō)警方是靠非法手段獲得這一資料的。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： obtain sth. from sb./sth. 從……獲得某物 obtain sth. by doing sth. 通過(guò)做某事獲得某物

　　【易混辨析】 obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve obtain 意為“獲得，買(mǎi)到”。指通過(guò)努力或請(qǐng)求而得到，含有滿(mǎn)足要求或達(dá)到目的的意味，屬正式用語(yǔ)。 acquire 意為“經(jīng)過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等”，也可用于對(duì)財(cái)物等的“獲得”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“一經(jīng)獲得就會(huì)長(zhǎng)期持有”的含義。 gain 意為“通過(guò)較大努力獲得某種利益或好處”；亦可指軍事上的武力奪取等。 earn 意為“掙得，贏得”。指因工作等而得到報(bào)酬或待遇。 achieve 意為“得到；獲得”，多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。

　　【即學(xué)即練】 選詞填空(obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve） ①I(mǎi) finally managed to ______ a copy of the report. ②It is through learning that the individual ______ many habitual ways of reacting to situations. ③An investor ______ by buying stocks that go up in value. ④How much do you _______ a week? ⑤The movie star ______ success and wealth. 答案：①obtain

　?、赼cquires

　　③gains

　?、躤arn

　　⑤achieved 4. owe vt. 欠（賬，錢(qián)，人情等）；歸功于…… He owes his father ￡50. =He owes ￡50 to his father. 他欠他父親50英鎊。 We owe this discovery to Newton. 我們把這一發(fā)現(xiàn)歸功于牛頓。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： owe ... to...

　　欠……；把……歸功于；應(yīng)感激…… owe ... to...for... 因……欠…… owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 owing to

　　因?yàn)?，由?【聯(lián)想拓展】 owing adj. 欠的，未付的 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①他把自己的成功歸功于他的父母！ He _______ his success_______ his parents! ②我們?nèi)颗ｎD才知道引力的原理。

　　We _______ the principle of gravitation ______ Newton. 答案：①owed; to

　　②owed;to 5. resist vt.抵抗；對(duì)抗 They were powerless to resist. 他們無(wú)力反抗。 Many young people could not resist the spiritual pollution. 很多年輕人不能抵制精神污染。 I can’t resist the temptation. 我不能抵擋誘惑。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： resist sth. 抵制；阻擋某事 resist doing sth. 反對(duì)做某事 can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事

　　be resistant to sb./sth. 對(duì)某人/某事有抵抗力 用法點(diǎn)撥：resist表示“忍得住”，常與can’t/couldn’t連用，后面接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①她忍不住要笑。 She

　　______ hardly ______

　　______

　　. ②我頂不住烤蘋(píng)果的誘惑。 I

　　______

　　______ baked apples. 答案：①could;resist laughing

　?、赾an’t resist 單項(xiàng)填空 ③She is overweight, but she can’t

　　______ the temptation to eat more delicious food.

　　A. forbid

　　B. attach

　　C. allow

　　D. resist 解析：選D。考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。resist抵制；forbid禁止；attach吸引，粘上；allow允許。由句意可知，應(yīng)選D。

　　6. pay off 得到好結(jié)果，取得成功(常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))；償清；解雇 We will have more money to spend after we pay off our mortgage.

　　在付清貸款后,我們會(huì)有更多錢(qián)花。 The company has paid off some redundant employees.

　　公司在發(fā)放工資后解雇了一些多余的雇員。

　　【聯(lián)想拓展】 pay for 付……的錢(qián)；為……而付出代價(jià) pay back sth. (=pay sb. back sth.) 償還；報(bào)復(fù) pay sb. for sth.=pay sth. to sb. for sth. 付錢(qián)給某人作為……的費(fèi)用 【即學(xué)即練】

　　單項(xiàng)填空 ①I(mǎi)f you go for a long ride in a friend’s car, it’s the custom to offer to

　　_______ some of the expenses.

　　A. pay

　　B. pay off

　　C. pay for

　　D. pay back 解析：選C。此處表達(dá)償付一部分費(fèi)用。pay for 付……的錢(qián)。 用與pay相關(guān)的詞組填空 ②After ten years of hard working she finally _____ _____

　　her debt.

　　③Our efforts are sure to

　　______ _______. ④Have you ______ the money ______ the bank yet? 答案：②paid off

　?、踦ay off

　　④paid; to 7. in favour of 贊成，支持 Everyone in the class voted in favour of the competition. 班里的每個(gè)人都投票贊成參加那個(gè)競(jìng)賽。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 in sb.’s favour 對(duì)某人有利 do sb. a favour=do a favour for sb. 幫某人忙 do sb. the favour to do sth.=do sb. a favour by doing sth. 幫忙做…… Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I can’t make it? 你能幫我個(gè)忙告訴凱利我沒(méi)法做成嗎？ 溫馨提示：do sb.a favour(do a favour for sb.)幫助某人(在該短語(yǔ)中帶有不定冠詞a, 但當(dāng)后邊帶動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，favour前的冠詞應(yīng)為the)。 【即學(xué)即練】

　　單項(xiàng)填空 ①He argued

　　_____ a strike. A. in favour of

　　B. in honour of C. in face of

　　D. in need of 解析：選A?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。in favour of支持;in honour of為了紀(jì)念……;in face of面對(duì)；in need of需要。由句意可知，選A。 ②I don’t like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could ______ me a favour.

　　A. make

　　B. do

　　C. find

　　D. get 解析：選B。do sb. a favour幫助某人，符合句意。 溫馨提示：當(dāng)表示“支持，贊同某人/某事”時(shí)除用in favour of之外；其他常用：be for sb./sth. stand by; stand on one’s side等。表示“不支持，不贊同某人/某事”時(shí)用be against sb./sth. 8. be bound to do 一定；注定(做) 【聯(lián)想拓展】 be bound for 去，準(zhǔn)備去…… be bound up with ...與……有密切關(guān)系 be bound to sth.受……限制；被……束縛

　　【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①明天天氣一定會(huì)變得更好。 The weather

　　_____ _____ ______

　　get better tomorrow. ②你下了這么多工夫, 一定能考及格。 You’ve done so much work that you _____ _____ ______ pass the exam. ③這艘輪船前往青島。 This ship

　　______ ______ ______

　　Qingdao. 答案：①is bound to

　?、赼re bound to

　?、踚s bound for 9. The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.(P11) 她（多莉羊）似乎生長(zhǎng)正常的事實(shí)很鼓舞人心。 that she seemed to develop normally是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，作the fact的同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that引導(dǎo)，常放在fact，truth，news，information，idea，thought，hope，suggestion，advice，reply，remark，report等名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。當(dāng)先行詞是problem，question或當(dāng)主句是表示疑問(wèn)或否定意思時(shí)，連接詞要用whether或其他的疑問(wèn)代詞或副詞。 The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.他當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)的消息是真的。 The question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我們是否該繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有被解決。 I have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新圖書(shū)館將要建在哪里。 10. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.（P11） 接著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。 now, then位于句首，謂語(yǔ)是come, go, appear等時(shí)句子用全部倒裝。 Now comes your turn. 輪到你了。 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 In the dark forests_______ , some large enough to hold several English towns.

　　A. stand many lakes

　　B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie

　　D. many lakes stand 解析：選B?？疾樵~語(yǔ)辨析以及倒裝。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常是come， go， lie, stand等且主語(yǔ)是名詞或名詞詞組時(shí)主句用全部倒裝。表示某物存在某處，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用lie。 Ⅰ. 單詞拼寫(xiě)

　　1. The role of the news u______ informing public opinion is of great importance.

　　2. The small town looks e_____ as it did when it was built 200 years ago.

　　3. I’m sorry to d______ you so late, but I was wondering if I could use your phone.

　　4. For a teacher to hit a child is not just m______ wrong but also illegal. 5. These profits are based on the a______ that prices will continue to rise. 6. The treatment won’t cure her - it m______ stops the pain. 7. The law f_____ the sale of cigarettes to people under the age of 16.

　　8. We have worked out a new set of p_____ for using this machine. 9. No one o______ when the manager said it was time to go home.

　　10. Every servant will r_____ from his position at the age of 60. 答案：1. undertaken

　　2. exactly

　　3. disturb

　　4. morally 5. assumption

　　6. merely

　　7. forbids

　　8. procedures9. objected 10. retire Ⅱ. 用方框內(nèi)所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 be cast down/object to/in favour of/be bound to (do)/ from time to time/bring back to life/pay off/in good condition/in vain/cast down 1. During my stay in Japan my sister visited me _______ . 2. I _______ to know that she failed in the final exam.