2024高考英語人教版一輪學案：必修三 Unit2 Healthy eating
Unit 2 Healthy eating
1、 diet n.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) She is on a diet in order to lose weight.
(2) It's important to have a balanced, healthy diet.
根據(jù)語義找匹配
A. 日常飲食 B. (病人或減肥者的)特種食品
(1) B (2)A
be / go on a diet 節(jié)食
put sb. on diet 讓某人節(jié)食
a balanced diet 均衡飲食
diet/food
diet 特指維系健康的定量或定質(zhì)的食品，常用于病人、減肥者等的食物。是可數(shù)名詞。
They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.
food 是一般用法。指能維系生命的、能充饑的、能吃能喝的東西。作為食物，是不可數(shù)名詞；作為食物種類，是可數(shù)名詞。
We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.
The children jumped with joy at sight of all kinds of foods on the table.
用food/diet填空
The sick man must not go without (1) food， but he must have a (2) diet without sugar.
2、 energy n.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1)It's important and necessary to try to save energy.
(2)Young people usually have more energy than the old.
根據(jù)語義找匹配：A. 能源 B. 精力、活力
(1) A (2) B
energetic adj. 精力旺盛的； 精神飽滿的
energetically adv. 精力旺盛地； 精神飽滿地
energy-saving adj. 節(jié)約能源的
nuclear energy n. 核能
solar energy n. 太陽能
be full of energy 精力充沛
devote one's energy to 致力于
energy/force/power/strength
energy 物理學意義上的“能、能量”；生理學上的“精力、活力”。
Though he is very thin and small, he is full of energy.
force 指外在的“力量、武力”；也指自然界的力量，復數(shù)常指“兵力、軍隊”。
I was prevented from coming by force of situation.
the air forces 空軍
power 指“能力、權力”或內(nèi)在的“力”；也指人或機器等潛在的或能發(fā)出的力量。
I shall do everything in my power to rescue.
Knowledge is power.
strength 指人的“體力、力氣”和“長處”；指物的“強度”。
He pulled the injured person from the ruins with all his strength.
單項填空
()(1) — You are always full of______. Can you tell me the secret?
—Taking plenty of exercise every day.
A. power
B. strength
C. force
D. energy
D 本題考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：——你總是精力充沛，能告訴我其中的奧秘嗎？——每天進行大量的鍛煉。
()(2) Our country is performing reforms in many fields, one of ______ is electric ______.
A. that; force
B. those; strength
C. them; energy
D. which; power
D 句意：我們國家在許多領域在進行著改革，其中的一項就是電能改革。
()(3) Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of ______.
A. source
B. energy
C. power
D. material
B 本題考查名詞辨析。句意：一些國家在提高對天然氣和其他形式的能源的利用。通過上文中的their use of natural gas，我們便可知道它所指的是：大自然的能量，所以答案是B。
energy，force，power和 strength 是高考名詞辨析的常見考題。在處理這類題目時，我們一定要特別注意它們各自的側重點：
energy側重于人的精神和大自然的能量；
force側重于強迫性；
power強調(diào)動力或潛在的力量或人的權力；
strength強調(diào)氣力。
3、lie n．&v.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) Believe him. He never tells a lie.
(2) He lied that he had been to the moon.
(3) West of the hill lie two chemical plants.
(4) He lied on his back on the playground.
根據(jù)語義找匹配
A. 位于 B. 撒謊 C. 謊話 D. 躺臥
(1) C (2) B (3)A (4)D
lie n. 謊話；vt. 撒謊； vi. 位于、躺
lay v. 產(chǎn)卵，下蛋；擺放
tell a lie＝tell lies 撒謊；講謊話
a big lie 彌天大謊
a black lie 用心險惡的謊言
a white lie 善意的謊言
單項填空
()(1) The manager had fallen asleep where he ______， without undressing.
A. was laying
B. was lying
C. had laid
D. had lied
B 本題考查的是lie有關時態(tài)詞形的變化和語義辨析。在處理這一問題時，首先我們要搞清楚它在語境中的語義，本句的語義是：經(jīng)理穿著衣服就在他躺著的地方睡著了。通過had fallen asleep可知它是“躺臥”的意思，排除A和C。從時態(tài)意義出發(fā)，睡著時，躺臥的動作正在發(fā)生，所以答案是B。
()(2) At the foot of the hill ______ a big lake surrounded by trees.
A. lays
B. is laying
C. lies
D. lying
C 本題考查的是lie有關詞形的變化和語義辨析。在處理這一問題時，我們首先要搞清楚它的句式結構。這是地點狀語放在句首的一個完全倒裝句，其主語是 a big lake。它的語義是：山腳下有個被樹環(huán)繞著的大湖。
巧記一：
撒謊(lie)的規(guī)則，不規(guī)則的是躺 (lie)，躺下來 (lay) 就下蛋 (lay), 下蛋 (laid) 不規(guī)則。
詞性 語義 過去式 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
lie vt.
撒謊 lied lied lying
vi. 躺臥 lay lain
lay vt. 產(chǎn)卵、下蛋；擺放 laid laid laying
巧記二：
He lied that he lay in bed and laid a hen in a box and saw her laying an egg. 他撒謊道他躺在床上把母雞放在盒子里看著她下蛋。
4、 win (won, won) v.
根據(jù)語境感悟其用法
(1)After struggling, he won in the end.
(2) They worked hard together and won the game.
(3)After ten years of hard work, he won the first prize for the music competition.
win作為不及物動詞是(1)______ 的意思；作及物動詞是(2)______或(3)______。
(1) 贏 (2) 贏(了比賽) (3) 獲(得了)獎
win back 贏回
win hands on 輕易獲勝
win out 獲勝；成功
win over 說服；把……爭取過來
win the day 獲勝；成功
win/beat/defeat
win 是不及物動詞，也是及物動詞。在作為及物動詞時，它的賓語不能是人。
Slow and steady wins the race.
beat 是及物動詞，它的賓語是人，不能是事物。一般指小型的活動。
We beat Class 1 in the school sports meeting.
defeat 也是及物動詞，它的賓語是人，也可以是辯論活動。比較正式，一般指大型活動。
We will defeat them in the Olympic Games.
完成句子
(1) Our teachers have won the love and respect (贏得了愛戴和尊重)of the students.
單項填空
()(2) The Huston Rockets ______ the Los Angeles Lakers 108：89 in the NBA on Sunday.
A. hit
B. won
C. beat
D. defeat
C 句意：在周日的NBA比賽中，休斯敦火箭隊以108：89戰(zhàn)勝了洛杉磯湖人隊。hit“打、撞擊”明顯不合題意；win后不能跟人，這里的洛杉磯湖人隊指的是人；而beat和defeat可以，但從時態(tài)考慮，這件事發(fā)生在過去，要用一般過去時，beat 的過去式和原形是一致的，defeat的過去式是defeated，所以答案是C。
5、 glare v.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) They stood there with anger, glaring_at each other without saying anything.
(2) The storm came pouring down, thunder rolling and lightning glaring.
根據(jù)語義找匹配：
A. 發(fā)出刺眼的光 B. 瞪眼、怒目而視
(1) B (2) A
look at/glance at/stare at/glare at
look at 沒有附加意義的看，強調(diào)動作。
Look at the book and tell me what you see.
glance at 用眼睛的余光看，“瞥見”。
The captain is kicking the ball, glancing at his partners.
stare at 因驚訝、好奇而睜大眼睛看。含有無禮或粗魯?shù)囊馕丁?/p>
It's impolite to stare at foreigners.
glare at 因憤怒而看，“怒視”。
Everyone glared at the two who kept talking when the others were studying in the reading room.
用glance/stare/glare填空
(1) I often glance through the title to pick up the most interesting ones to read.
(2) The teacher glared at the boys when they laughed loudly in class.
(3) Don't stare at me. I'm shy.
6、limit v.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) We should take efficient activities to limit high school students to surfing the Internet.
(2) He has reached the limit of her patience.
根據(jù)語義找匹配：A. 極限 B. 限定，限制
(1) B (2) A
limitation [U]“限制、限定”。強調(diào)能力的局限性或缺陷。
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 無限的
Co, Ltd. 股份有限公司
用limit的正確形式填空
(1)My life is __________， but learning is __________.
(2)The __________ of speed is for the safety of each driver.
(1) limited; limitless吾生有涯，學無涯。
(2) limitation 對時速的限制是為了每個司機的安全。
7、 benefit n．&v.
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1) Smoking has little benefit on our health.
(2) I have had the benefit of good education.
(3) The expressway will benefit us all and we will certainly benefit_from it.
根據(jù)語義找匹配
A. 利益 B. 有益于……；得益于…… C. 好處
(1) C (2) A (3) B
have benefit on… 對……有益
have the benefit of… 得益于……
sth. benefits sb. ……有益于某人
be of benefit to… 對……有益
for the benefit of… 為了……的利益
sb. benefits from sth. 某人得益于……
完成句子
(1)為了人民的利益，我們要不惜一切代價保護大壩。
We should make every effort to protect the dam for the benefit of the people.
(2)教育事業(yè)是有利于人民的事業(yè)，我們要把它辦好。
The cause of education is of benefit to the people. We should operate it well.
(3)公益活動恩澤于千家萬戶，我們非常支持。
Everyone has the benefit of public welfare. All of us will support it.
8、throw down
After reading the letter, she threw it down and left angrily.
根據(jù)語境語義，throw down意思是：__________。
扔下，扔掉
throw about 隨便丟棄，到處亂扔
throw out 把……扔出去， 隨口說，脫口而出，拒不接受，否決(意見、想法等)
throw oneself into 投身于……，熱衷于……，積極從事……
throw off 匆匆地脫下衣服(pull off)，擺脫，甩掉
throw on 匆匆地穿上
throw up 嘔吐，突然建造或匆忙建造，辭職
throw away 扔掉，丟棄，拋棄；失去，錯過，浪費，白費
throw…to… 把……扔向……
throw…at… 用……砸向……
用恰當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空
(1) I threw the ball to Mike but he threw it at Jack, so they quarreled with each other about it.
(2) The housing has been thrown up in this area for the earthquake-stricken people.
(3) He threw on his coat and rushed out into the dark.
(4)Throw off your worries and throw yourself into the work.
(5)He is a respected person. He always throw himself into the cause of education.
(6)Don't throw anything out of the bus, which is dangerous.
(7)Don't throw litters about. Keep the sight clean.
9、 get away with
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
(1)Don't be tempted to cheat in the exam — you will never get_away_from it.
(2)He can't get_away_from the office before 7 o'clock.
(3)Thieves got_away_with computer equipment worth $ 20,000.
根據(jù)語義找匹配
A. 離開，脫身
B. (因做壞事而)逃避或不受責備懲罰
C. 攜某物潛逃，偷走
(1) B (2) A (3)C
get across 被理解，把某事講清楚
get along with (事情的)進展，(人的)相處
get back 回來，要回，收回
get down (to) 下來，開始，著手
get in 進來，購進，設法做
get over 克服，恢復
get off 下(車、船、飛機等)，出發(fā)，下班
get on (事情的)進展，(人的)相處，事業(yè)有成
get out 離開，外出，從……獲得有益的東西
get up 起床，起身
get through 用完，耗盡，完成，順利通過(考試)，(用電話)接通
單項填空
()(1) — Did you make sense of what I said at the meeting?
— No. Your meaning didn't ______. Would you like to explain it a second time?
A. get in
B. get across
C. get over
D. get through
B 句意：——你明白我在會上講的東西了嗎？—— 我沒明白會上你說的意思，你能再解釋一次嗎？ get in 進去、收獲；get across 使……被理解，把……講清楚；get over 克服、恢復；get through通過、完成、打通，所以答案是B。
B 句意為：Jenny正在找一個座位，正在那時，很幸運地，一個人站起來離開了。故選B。
()(2) (2010· 四川)Jenny was looking for a seat when，luckily，a man ______ and left.
A. took up
B. got up
C. shut up
D. set up
10、cut down
根據(jù)語境猜詞義
