2024屆高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)語法專項訓(xùn)練：專題三 《非謂語動詞》（人教版）

　　專題三　非謂語動詞

　　◆非謂語動詞的考查要點

　　1．動詞不定式復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題

　　(1)不定式作表語與“be＋to do sth.”的異同。不定式作表語說明主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)。

　　My job is to teach English.(說明內(nèi)容)

　　be＋to do sth.(表示按計劃要做的事)

　　He is to go abroad.

　　(2)后接不定式作賓語的詞語。

　　下列詞語常接不定式作賓語：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。

　　下列詞語后可接“疑問詞＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。

　　(3)如何理解和使用不定式作賓補。

　?、賱釉~(短語)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的賓補用動詞原形，變被動時要加to，此時的不定式就是主語補足語。

　?、诔Ｓ貌欢ㄊ阶髻e補的幾種情況：

　　主語＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb.to do sth.

　　主語＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel＋sb.＋to be/to have done

　　主語＋call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth.

　　(4)不定式作定語的特殊用法。

　?、傧铝性~語后常接不定式作定語：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。

　?、诓欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。

　　There is no one to look after her.

　?、鄄欢ㄊ脚c被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。

　　She is now looking for a room to live in.

　　(5)不定式作狀語的用法。

　　不定式作狀語，在句中主要表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的結(jié)果。

　　We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.

　　in order (not) to，so as (not) to用來引導(dǎo)目的狀語；enough...to，so...as to do，such＋名詞．..as to do作結(jié)果狀語。

　　The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.

　　I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

　　(6)不定式的完成時的特殊用法。

　?、俦硎静欢ㄊ街兄^語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作。

　　The novel was said to have been published.

　　I regret to have been with you for so many years.

　　seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等動詞常用于上面句型。

　　此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區(qū)別。

　　I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.對不起，請稍等。(說話時還未等)

　　I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.對不起，讓你久等了。(說話時已等了很久)

　?、诓欢ㄊ降耐瓿蓵r還可表示“過去本想做某事但未做”的虛擬語氣。(A)should like to/would like to/would love to＋完成時。(B)was/were to＋不定式的完成時，表示該做某事或想做但未實現(xiàn)。(C)expect/hope/mean/promise/suppose/think/want/wish＋不定式的完成時，表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望。

　　(7)不定式的省略。

　　①同一結(jié)構(gòu)并列由and或or連接。

　　I want to finish my homework and go home.

　　I’m really puzzled what to think or say.

　　特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.

　　It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示對比)

　　②不定式作表語，其前面的主語從句中含有do時，后面的to省略。

　　What he did was lose the game.

　?、劬渲泻袆釉~do時，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。

　　Don’t do anything silly，such as marry him.

　?、苤骶浜胁欢ㄊ?，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。

　?、軼hy not，had better，would rather，can’t but等詞后省to。

　　You’d better take it seriously.

　?、薅嘤迷谕痪浠蚵?lián)系緊密的對話中，為了避免重復(fù)，作賓語、主補或賓補的不定式再次出現(xiàn)時，to后的內(nèi)容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助動詞have或be的任何形式，后應(yīng)該保留原形have或be。

　　Susan is not what she used to be.

　　—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.

　　—I know I ought to have.

　　常見的有：I’d like/love/be happy to。

　　題組訓(xùn)練1

　　用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1．It’s important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.

　　2．Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing...but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face-to-face.

　　3．If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.

　　4．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold)．

　　5．Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.

　　6．Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

　　7．More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise) people’s concern over food safety.

　　8．The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.

　　2．動名詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題

　　(1)下列動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest，finish，avoid，can’t help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。

　　(2)下列動詞短語后接動名詞：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。

　　(3)介詞后要接動名詞；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介詞后接動名詞。注意on/upon doing sth.＝as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時on/upon后也可以接名詞。

　　On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.

　　(4)動名詞作賓語和動詞不定式作賓語的區(qū)別：

　?、賐egin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，can’t stand

　　例句 解析

　　1.It began to rain./It began raining.

　　2．It was beginning to snow.

　　3．I love lying (to lie)on my back.

　　4．I like listening to music，but today I don’t like to.

　　5．I don’t prefer to swim in the river now. 1.意思無差別，但謂語動詞用進行時時，后面只跟不定式。

　　2．表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動，多接不定式。②remember，forget，regret，try

　　例句 解析1.I remember to meet her at the station.

　　I remember seeing her once somewhere.

　　2．I forgot giving it to you yesterday.

　　I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.

　　3．I regret not having worked hard.

　　I regret to hear of your sister’s death.

　　4．Try knocking at the back door.

　　We must try to get everything ready.

　　5．That will mean flooding some land.

　　I had meant to go on Monday. 1.remember to do sth.記住要做的事

　　remember doing sth.回顧過去發(fā)生的事

　　2．forget to do sth.忘記要做的事

　　forget doing sth.忘記做過的事

　　3．regret to do sth.對將要做的事抱歉

　　regret doing sth.對發(fā)生過的事后悔

　　4．try to do sth.設(shè)法，試圖做某事

　　try doing sth.試試看，試一試

　　5．mean to do sth.打算做……，想要做……

　　mean doing sth.意味著

　?、踳ant，require，need

　　例句 解析

　　1.These desks need repairing.

　　These desks need to be repaired.

　　2．The patient required examining.

　　The patient required to be examined. 表達意思一樣，但用不定式時要用被動形式，用動名詞時用主動形式(表被動意義)。

　　題組訓(xùn)練2

　　用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1．It’s no use complaining(complain) without taking action.

　　2．Lydia doesn’t feel like studying(study) abroad. Her parents are old.

　　3．Being exposed(expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin.

　　4．She is afraid of being taken(take) to the public.

　　5．Mary’s coming(come) late made her mother angry.

　　3．現(xiàn)在分詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題

　　(1)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語。

　?、贂r間狀語(分詞前面可加when，while等)

　　Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.

　　②原因狀語

　　Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.

　　Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.

　　③伴隨狀語

　　The girls came in，following their parents.

　　④結(jié)果狀語

　　The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.

　　注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性：①時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般式，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式having done。②語態(tài)性。與句子主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動進行，被動完成”。③人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。

　　(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語。

　　主語＋be＋v.-ed表示被動，主語是人；主語＋be＋v.-ing表示主動，主語是物。

　　4．過去分詞復(fù)習(xí)中應(yīng)注意的幾個問題

　　過去分詞作狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的狀語從句或并列分句，用來說明原因、時間、條件、伴隨等。

　　(1)作原因狀語

　　Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.

　?。紹ecause he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.

　　Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.

　?。紸s he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.

　　(2)作時間狀語

　　Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.

　?。絎hen the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.

　　(3)作條件狀語

　　Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.

　?。絀f I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.

　　(4)作伴隨狀語

　　The teacher came in，followed by some students.

　?。絋he teacher came in and (he) was followed by some students.

　　分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.

　　題組訓(xùn)練3

　　用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　1．The island，joined(join) to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.

　　2．Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.

　　3．The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise) from behind the house.

　　4．Look over there—there’s a very long，winding path leading(lead) up to the house.

　　5．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose) for words.

　　6．Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.

　　7．Gathering(gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.

　　8．More highways have been built in China，making(make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

　　9．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.

　　10．Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse) with her stories.

　　◆語法與寫作

　　根據(jù)提示翻譯下面的句子

　　1．我盼望收到你的來信。(用動名詞作賓語)(2024·山東·寫作)

　　I am looking forward to hearing from you.

　　2．如今違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔垃圾并不是不常見，它們對生命和環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的危害。(用動名詞breaking作主語、現(xiàn)在分詞causing作狀語)(2024·安徽·書面表達)

　　These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.

　　3．不容懷疑，和社會上其他工作相比較，清潔工的工作更艱難些。(用compared with作狀語)(2024·廣東·讀寫任務(wù))

　　There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is more harder compared with any other jobs in the society.

　　4．又一次我們在同一地方進行爬山比賽。(用climbing作定語)(2024·湖南·書面表達)

　　Once again we had a climbing match at the same place.

　　5．沐浴在陽光下，我們高興地跳起來歡呼著。(用bathed作狀語)(2024·江西·書面表達)

　　Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.

　　◆語法填空A

　　He’s a 40-year-old man who looks and acts like a 10-year-old boy，but Nicky Freeman could help unlock the secrets of eternal youth.Nicky has a 1.virtually (virtual) unknown condition that sees him age only one year for every four，2.trapping (trap) him forever in the body of a boy.

　　“3.If the average life span is 70，it means Nicky could live to be 280，”says his mother Kayleen，4.who lives in Western Australia.While Nicky may hold the secret to the fountain of youth，5.he has paid a tragic price for his condition.Unable to see or speak，Nicky，who 6.began (begin) going through puberty(青春期) at 30，lives in a home for disabled adults.

　　Doctors can give his mother very few answers and there is little hope of a cure.Kayleen fears Nicky’s rough entry into the world may have played a key role in the symptoms her eldest child began to exhibit.

　　“During pregnancy，I developed a strong allergic reaction 7.to eggs，” Kayleen，a former nurse，recalls.“If I was in a kitchen where 8.an egg was cracked，my eyes would swell.For the next year and a half，Nicky seemed much like any 9.other baby，but there were two differences that stood out in his mother’s mind 10.from an early age：being incredibly strong and not reaching for toys like other kids.”

　　B

　　The Stand Your Ground law is not yet a reality in several states，where self-defense against an attacker today could make you the criminal.1.Under many current state laws，if you were to be killed by somebody with a knife or something on the street，self-defence with any kind of object that could be defined as a deadly weapon，2.primarily (primary) guns and knives could get you—the victim—3.charged (charge) with a crime for using too much force.