2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)夯實(shí)練習(xí)：必修5U1《Great Scientists》（新人教版含解析）

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　　2024高考英語(yǔ)（人教版）必修5U1一輪夯實(shí)練習(xí)及答案

　　閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　The adobe dwellings(土坯房)

　　(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even

　　most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their

　　(able) to “air condition”a house without

　　(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat

　　(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough

　　(cool) the house during the hot day：

　　the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle

　　(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As

　　(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly

　　thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】　相比現(xiàn)代化的建筑，簡(jiǎn)陋的土坯房可謂丑陋不堪。但當(dāng)代的建筑師卻對(duì)其情有獨(dú)鐘。短文主要介紹了土坯房能夠調(diào)節(jié)溫度的原理。

　　1．built　[考查過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)dwellings與動(dòng)詞build之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式。又由by一詞的暗示也可知用表示被動(dòng)意義的過(guò)去分詞。]

　　2．the　[考查定冠詞的用法。空格之后為形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故填定冠詞。]

　　3．a(chǎn)bility　[考查形容詞與名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞their之后應(yīng)當(dāng)用名詞，故將able轉(zhuǎn)化為其名詞形式。]

　　4．using　[考查介詞的用法。介詞without之后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。]

　　5．slowly　[考查副詞的用法。由土坯制成的墻壁在炎熱的白天吸收太陽(yáng)的熱量并在涼爽的夜間慢慢將熱量釋放出來(lái)。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞give out，因此要用副詞形式。]

　　6．to cool　[考查固定句式的用法?！靶稳菰~＋enough＋動(dòng)詞不定式”為一常用句式。]

　　7．a(chǎn)t　[考查固定短語(yǔ)的用法。at the same time意為“同時(shí)”，是一個(gè)常用介詞短語(yǔ)。]

　　8．goes　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。這是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了土坯房冬暖夏涼的原理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。]

　　9．natural　[考查形容詞的用法。修飾名詞architects，故要用形容詞形式。]

　　10．how　[考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)形容詞thick及結(jié)構(gòu)可知這里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墻的確切厚度。所以答案為how。]

　　一、單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1．(2024·重慶，完形)The achievement of a particular goal makes you feel good and contributes ________ your confidence.

　　2．(2024·福建，閱讀A)By now paramedics(救援人員) had arrived，and were ________ (attend) to the injured woman.

　　3．(2024·重慶，閱讀D)Apart ________ an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach，the forest was silent.

　　4．(2024·北京，閱讀D)This phenomenon is neither good ________ bad；it is a fact of college life，today and in the past.

　　5．(2024·湖北，完成Many bad habits can be especially difficult ________ (cure) because they are likely to form at a very young age.

　　6．(2024·江西，閱讀B)Join in the holiday fun at the Powerhouse this month ______ (link) to our new exhibition.

　　7．(2024·天津，14)See，your computer has broken down again！________ doesn't make sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.

　　8．(2024·江蘇，任務(wù)型閱讀)Conscientious (勤奮的) people are very strict ________ themselves.

　　9．(2024·北京，閱讀C)Every time light ________ (move) into a material with a new speed，it bends and scatters.

　　10．(2024·湖南，寫作)Only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way，________ we achieve our dreams.

　　答案　1.to　2.attending　3.from　4.nor　5.to cure6.linked　7.It　8.with　9.moves　10.will

　　二、完形填空

　　The day finally came，when I had to leave the warm home where I’d grown up.I ran to the back yard，as tears came up from my heart.Suddenly I__1__a hand rest on my shoulder.I looked up to__2__my grandfather.“It isn’t__3__，is it，Billy？” he said softly.

　　Gently__4__my hand in his，we walked，hand in hand，to the front yard，__5__a huge red rose-bush sat alone.

　　“What do you see here，Billy？” he asked.I looked at the flowers，not knowing__6__to say，and then answered，“I see something soft and__7__，grandpa.”

　　He pulled me__8__.“It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful，Billy.It’s that special place in your heart that makes them so.”“Billy，I__9__these roses when my first son was born.It was my__10__of saying ‘thank you’ to God.I__11__to watch him pick roses for his mother.Then，as a young man of only 20，a terrible war robbed him of his life.” Grandpa slowly stood up.“Never say good-bye，Billy.Never__12__to the sadness and the loneliness.Instead，I want you to remember the joy and the__13__when you first said hello to a friend.”

　　A year later，my grandpa became very__14__.Then all members of the family were__15__back，and I returned to the old house.When it came to my__16__，I took his hand as__17__as

　　he had once taken mine.

　　“Hello，grandpa，” I__18__.His eyes slowly opened and said，“Hello，my friend.” With a brief__19__he died.Suddenly，and truly.I knew what he had __20__ about never saying good-bye—about refusing to give in to sadness.

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要講述一天“我”為離開溫暖的家而傷心難過(guò)時(shí)，祖父過(guò)來(lái)安慰“我”，并告訴“我”無(wú)論發(fā)生什么永遠(yuǎn)不要說(shuō)再見。直到祖父去世時(shí)，“我”才真正明白祖父所說(shuō)的“永遠(yuǎn)不要說(shuō)再見”的真正含義——不要屈服于悲傷和難過(guò)。

　　1. A.felt B．fixed

　　C．watched D．heard

　　解析　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“我”跑到后院，任淚水流淌。突然“我”感覺(jué)有只手放在“我”的肩膀上。feel感覺(jué)到，符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　A

　　2．A.watch B．interview

　　C．see D．discover

　　解析　此處指“我”抬起頭結(jié)果看見是祖父。see強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果；watch強(qiáng)調(diào)有意識(shí)地“觀看”。

　　答案　C

　　3．A.difficult B．hard

　　C．easy

　　D．comfortable

　　解析　由上文可知，祖父看到“我”因不得不離開家而悲傷難過(guò)得哭了，所以他會(huì)說(shuō)“不容易是嗎”，故此處應(yīng)為easy。

　　答案　C

　　4．A.making B．taking

　　C．leading D．carrying

　　解析　根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句話“...I took his hand as________as he had once taken mine.”可知，此處應(yīng)填taking，與下文相照應(yīng)。

　　答案　B

　　5．A.where B．when

　　C．which D．while

　　解析　“________a huge red rose-bush sat alone”為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the front yard，先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞where。

　　答案　A

　　6．A.what

　　B．how

　　C．who D．whether

　　解析　此處指“我”看著花不知道該說(shuō)什么。________to say為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少成分，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞what引導(dǎo)，作動(dòng)詞say的賓語(yǔ)。

　　答案　A

　　7．A.red B．tasty

　　C．funny

　　D beautiful

　　解析　根據(jù)下文“It isn’t just the roses that are beautiful，Billy.”可知，此處應(yīng)填beautiful，與下文相照應(yīng)。

　　答案　D

　　8．A.close B．hard

　　C．far D．a(chǎn)round

　　解析　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指祖父把“我”拉近。close符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　A

　　9．A.bought

　　B．planted

　　C．treated D．discovered

　　解析　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指當(dāng)祖父的第一個(gè)兒子出生時(shí)，他種植了這些玫瑰。plant意為“種植”，符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　B

　　10．A.approach B．method

　　C．way D．solution

　　解析　method指相當(dāng)精心安排的技術(shù)技巧所構(gòu)成的方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)以效率與精確為其目標(biāo)；way為普通用語(yǔ)，指一般的方法，a/the way of doing sth./to do sth.意為“做某事的方法”；A、D項(xiàng)之后都接介詞to。

　　答案　C

　　11．A.preferred B．wanted

　　C．referred D．used

　　解析　由下文“a terrible war robbed him of his life”可知，此處為祖父過(guò)去常?？磧鹤诱倒寤ńo妻子，而現(xiàn)在無(wú)法看到了，因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭(zhēng)奪去了他年輕的生命。used to do sth.意為“過(guò)去常常做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　D

　　12．A.give up B．give off

　　C．give in D．give away

　　解析　give up放棄；give off發(fā)出(氣味等)；give in屈服，讓步；give away贈(zèng)送；泄露，出賣。根據(jù)文章最后一句話“...about refusing to give in to sadness.”可知，此處應(yīng)填give in，與下文相照應(yīng)。

　　答案　C

　　13．A.word B．happiness

　　C．sight

　　D．memory

　　解析　由并列連詞and可知，空格處與前面joy相呼應(yīng)。

　　答案　B

　　14．A.ill B．weak

　　C．old

　　D．serious

　　解析　由下一句“Then all members of the family were________back，and I returned to the old house.”可知，祖父這時(shí)病重。

　　答案　A

　　15．A.ordered

　　B．called

　　C．delivered D．sent

　　解析　由于祖父病重，所以把家里所有的成員都叫回來(lái)。call符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　B

　　16．A.pleasure

　　B．duty

　　C．turn D．wish

　　解析　此處指祖父臨終前和家人作臨終告白，當(dāng)輪到“我”時(shí)……turn意為“輪流”，符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　C

　　17．A.happily

　　B．sadly

　　C．carefully

　　D．gently

　　解析　由第二段“Gently________my hand in his...”可知，當(dāng)輪到“我”時(shí)，“我”像祖父曾經(jīng)抓住“我”的手一樣輕輕地抓住他的手。所以gently符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　D

　　18．A.laughed

　　B．shouted

　　C．a(chǎn)dded

　　D．whispered

　　解析　laugh笑；shout喊叫，大聲說(shuō)；add接著說(shuō)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)；whisper小聲說(shuō)，耳語(yǔ)。此處指“我”小聲地說(shuō)：“你好，祖父”。A、B、C項(xiàng)皆不符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　D

　　19．A.sign B．sigh

　　C．smile D．wave

　　解析　此處應(yīng)指祖父和“我”說(shuō)完話之后是含笑而終。smile符合語(yǔ)境。

　　答案　C

　　20．A.thought B．meant

　　C．worried D．cared

　　解析　此處是指突然“我”真正明白了祖父曾經(jīng)說(shuō)的關(guān)于“永遠(yuǎn)不要說(shuō)再見”的含義。

　　答案　B

　　三、閱讀理解

　　A段

　　For my grandmother’s 70th birthday，my family and I visited South Korea.While there，I was attentive to Korean high schools and students.

　　I was surprised by how different Korea’s public high schools are from America’s.Korean high schools can be all-girls，all-boys or co-ed (男女同校的) unlike our standard co-ed high schools.There are three grades：“go 1(10th)”，“go 2(11th)” and “go 3(12th)”．“Go” is the first syllable of the word “go-deung-hakkyo”，which，simply translated，is “high school”．

　　In America，unless you want to go to a private school，you don’t have to take an entrance exam.In Korea，however，students must take a test to get in because of the many choices of schools.

　　Another difference I couldn’t help but notice was the students’ appearance.With very few exceptions，all wear uniforms.A name tag (標(biāo)牌) with the student’s name，grade and homeroom number must also be worn.Girl’s skirts can’t be above the upper part of the knee，and it is forbidden to dye(染) your hair or wear accessories (裝飾品) except small earrings.There are strict regulations for appearance to achieve neatness，and it seems the only freedom students have is with their choices of hair style，socks and shoes.

　　The final difference was the setup of the classes.There may be 40 students in a classroom，but the number can be less or even more，depending on the population of the town or city.Although there are many students per classroom，they are very close，which I think is a result of not changing classrooms for different subjects.There are no levels in the subjects and the teachers are the ones who switch classrooms.They just have ten-minute breaks between subjects.In each class，students are ranked by their grades.This causes strict competition，and Korean students do a lot of studying.To help them，all schools have extra study classes after school.One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America is that Koreans have school on Saturdays.Although it’s only a half day，I think I speak for most Americans when I say we could never imagine ourselves in school on a Saturday.

　　Korea’s public high schools are clearly different from America’s.I had imagined them to be just like our schools，but now I have a clear picture of how different they are.

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了在作者眼中韓國(guó)高中和美國(guó)高中的不同之處。

　　1．How many main differences are mentioned between Korea’s public high school and America’s?

　　A．3. B．4.

　　C．5. D．6.

　　解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文主要說(shuō)明了美國(guó)和韓國(guó)高中的不同點(diǎn)，作者采用的總分總的文章結(jié)構(gòu)，第二、三、四、五這四段分別說(shuō)明他們的不同之處，總共有4處。

　　答案　B

　　2．It seems that the writer________.

　　A．is familiar with the education system of high schools in Korea

　　B．is fond of Korean students’ appearance

　　C．prefers the high school life of America to the one of Korea

　　D．feels it common to have lessons on weekends

　　解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中倒數(shù)第二句中“One other fact that helped me appreciate living in America...”可知，作者喜歡在美國(guó)中學(xué)的生活，因?yàn)轫n國(guó)高中星期六還要去學(xué)校，而美國(guó)不用。

　　答案　C

　　3．What does the underlined word “setup” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

　　A．Arrangement. B．Size.

　　C．Number. D．Outline.

　　解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。第一句話為本段的中心句。根據(jù)其后的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹了韓、美兩國(guó)高中在班級(jí)人數(shù)、作息等方面組織(方式)、安排的不同之處，因此選A。