網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略（全文）

經(jīng)中央網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組批準(zhǔn)，外交部和國(guó)家互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息辦公室1日共同發(fā)布《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略》（下稱“戰(zhàn)略”）。戰(zhàn)略以和平發(fā)展、合作共贏為主題，以構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運(yùn)共同體為目標(biāo)，就推動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際交流合作首次全面系統(tǒng)提出中國(guó)主張，為破解全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間治理難題貢獻(xiàn)中國(guó)方案，是指導(dǎo)中國(guó)參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際交流與合作的戰(zhàn)略性文件。

以下為雙語全文：

網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略 International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace

目錄 Contents

序言 Preface

第一章 機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn) Opportunities and Challenges

第二章 基本原則 Basic Principles

一、和平原則 The Principle of Peace

二、主權(quán)原則 The Principle of Sovereignty

三、共治原則 The Principle of Shared Governance

四、普惠原則 The Principle of Shared Benefits

第三章 戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo) Strategic Goals

一、維護(hù)主權(quán)與安全 Safeguarding Sovereignty and Security

二、構(gòu)建國(guó)際規(guī)則體系 Developing A System of International Rules

三、促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公平治理 Promoting Fair Internet Governance

四、保護(hù)公民合法權(quán)益 Protecting Legitimate Rights and Interests of Citizens

五、促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)合作 Promoting Cooperation on Digital Economy

六、打造網(wǎng)上文化交流平臺(tái) Building Platform for Cyber Culture Exchange

第四章 行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 Plan of Action

一、倡導(dǎo)和促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間和平與穩(wěn)定 Peace and Stability in Cyberspace

二、推動(dòng)構(gòu)建以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間秩序 Rule-based Order in Cyberspace

三、不斷拓展網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間伙伴關(guān)系 Partnership in Cyberspace

四、積極推進(jìn)全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理體系改革 Reform of Global Internet Governance System

五、深化打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義和網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪國(guó)際合作 International Cooperation on Cyber Terrorism and Cyber Crimes

六、倡導(dǎo)對(duì)隱私權(quán)等公民權(quán)益的保護(hù) Protection of Citizens’ Rights and Interests Including Privacy

七、推動(dòng)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和數(shù)字紅利普惠共享 Digital Economy and Sharing of Digital Dividends

八、加強(qiáng)全球信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和保護(hù) Global Information Infrastructure Development and Protection

九、促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化交流互鑒 Exchange of Cyber Cultures

結(jié)束語 Conclusion

序言

Preface

“網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是人類共同的活動(dòng)空間，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間前途命運(yùn)應(yīng)由世界各國(guó)共同掌握。各國(guó)應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)溝通、擴(kuò)大共識(shí)、深化合作，共同構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運(yùn)共同體?！?——中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平，2024年12月16日

Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind. The future of cyberspace should be in the hands of all countries. Countries should step up communications, broaden consensus and deepen cooperation to jointly build a community of shared future in cyberspace. —Remarks by H.E. Xi Jinping, President of the People’s Republic of China, Dec 16，2024

當(dāng)今世界，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息技術(shù)日新月異，引領(lǐng)了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)新變革，創(chuàng)造了人類生活新空間，拓展了國(guó)家治理新領(lǐng)域，極大提高了人類認(rèn)識(shí)世界、改造世界的能力。

Today, the rapid advancement of information technology represented by the Internet has brought about new ways of social production, created new space for people’s life, opened new horizons of state governance and enhanced people’s ability to understand and shape the world.

作為人類社會(huì)的共同財(cái)富，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓世界變成了“地球村”。各國(guó)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間互聯(lián)互通，利益交融，休戚與共。維護(hù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間和平與安全，促進(jìn)開放與合作，共同構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間命運(yùn)共同體，符合國(guó)際社會(huì)的共同利益，也是國(guó)際社會(huì)的共同責(zé)任。

As the common asset of human society, the Internet has turned the world into a global village. In the interconnected cyberspace, countries are bound together by intertwined interests. It is in the shared interests and also the responsibility of the international community to safeguard peace and security, promote openness and cooperation and foster a community of shared future in cyberspace.

《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略》全面宣示中國(guó)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間相關(guān)國(guó)際問題上的政策立場(chǎng)，系統(tǒng)闡釋中國(guó)開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域?qū)ν夤ぷ鞯幕驹瓌t、戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)和行動(dòng)要點(diǎn)，旨在指導(dǎo)中國(guó)今后一個(gè)時(shí)期參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際交流與合作，推動(dòng)國(guó)際社會(huì)攜手努力，加強(qiáng)對(duì)話合作，共同構(gòu)建和平、安全、開放、合作、有序的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，建立多邊、民主、透明的全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理體系。

International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace provides a comprehensive explanation of China’s policy and position on cyber-related international affairs as well as the basic principles, strategic goals and plan of action in its external relations on that front. It aims to guide China’s participation in international exchange and cooperation in cyberspace for the next period of time, and encourage the international community to come together to enhance dialogue and cooperation and build a peaceful, secure, open, cooperative and orderly cyberspace and a multilateral, democratic and transparent global Internet governance system.

第一章 機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)

Chapter I. Opportunities and Challenges

在世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、文化多樣化深入發(fā)展，全球治理體系深刻變革的背景下，人類迎來了信息革命的新時(shí)代。以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息通信技術(shù)日新月異，深刻改變了人們的生產(chǎn)和生活方式，日益激勵(lì)市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)新、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮、推動(dòng)社會(huì)發(fā)展。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間越來越成為信息傳播的新渠道、生產(chǎn)生活的新空間、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新引擎、文化繁榮的新載體、社會(huì)治理的新平臺(tái)、交流合作的新紐帶、國(guó)家主權(quán)的新疆域。

With the accelerating trend toward a multi-polar, economically globalized and culturally diverse world and the profoundly changing global governance system, mankind has entered a new era of information revolution. The rapid advancement of information and communication technologies (ICT) represented by the Internet has changed people’s way of production and life and boosted market innovation, economic prosperity and social development. Cyberspace is becoming a new channel for information dissemination, a new frontier of people’s work and life, a new engine for economic growth, a new carrier for cultural prosperity, a new platform of social governance, a new bridge for communication and cooperation and a new domain of state sovereignty.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間給人類帶來巨大機(jī)遇，同時(shí)也帶來了不少新的課題和挑戰(zhàn)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的安全與穩(wěn)定成為攸關(guān)各國(guó)主權(quán)、安全和發(fā)展利益的全球關(guān)切?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展不平衡、規(guī)則不健全、秩序不合理等問題日益凸顯。國(guó)家和地區(qū)間的“數(shù)字鴻溝”不斷拉大。關(guān)鍵信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施存在較大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患。全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)資源管理體系難以反映大多數(shù)國(guó)家意愿和利益。網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義成為全球公害，網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪呈蔓延之勢(shì)。濫用信息通信技術(shù)干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政、從事大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)控等活動(dòng)時(shí)有發(fā)生。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間缺乏普遍有效規(guī)范各方行為的國(guó)際規(guī)則，自身發(fā)展受到制約。

While creating tremendous opportunities, cyberspace also faces a number of new issues and challenges. Security and stability in cyberspace has become a global concern which bears on the sovereignty, security and development interests of all countries. Problems such as unbalanced development, inadequate rules and inequitable order in cyberspace have become more evident. The digital divide among countries and regions is widening. Critical information infrastructure faces considerable vulnerability and potential risk. The existing global governance system of basic Internet resources hardly reflects the desires and interests of the majority of countries. Cyber terrorism has become a global public menace. Cyber crimes are spreading. Interference in other countries’ internal affairs by abusing ICT and massive cyber surveillance activities happen from time to time. The absence of general international rules in cyberspace that effectively govern the behavior of all parties hampers the development of cyberspace.

面對(duì)問題和挑戰(zhàn)，任何國(guó)家都難以獨(dú)善其身，國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)本著相互尊重、互諒互讓的精神，開展對(duì)話與合作，以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間全球治理。

No countries can stay immune from such problems and challenges. The international community can only work together through intensified cooperation in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual understanding and accommodation so as to put in place a rule-based global governance system in cyberspace.

第二章 基本原則

Chapter II. Basic Principles

中國(guó)始終是世界和平的建設(shè)者、全球發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)者、國(guó)際秩序的維護(hù)者。中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移走和平發(fā)展道路，堅(jiān)持正確義利觀，推動(dòng)建立合作共贏的新型國(guó)際關(guān)系。中國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略以和平發(fā)展為主題，以合作共贏為核心，倡導(dǎo)和平、主權(quán)、共治、普惠作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際交流與合作的基本原則。

China has been a force for world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of international order. It steadfastly pursues a path of peaceful development, works to uphold justice and friendship and pursue shared interests, and calls for a new type of international relations featuring win-win cooperation. With the theme focusing on peaceful development and the core message for win-win cooperation, International Strategy of Cooperation on Cyberspace advocates the principles of peace, sovereignty, shared governance and shared benefits in international exchange and cooperation in cyberspace.

一、和平原則

1. The Principle of Peace

網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間互聯(lián)互通，各國(guó)利益交融不斷深化，一個(gè)安全穩(wěn)定繁榮的網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，對(duì)各國(guó)乃至世界都具有重大意義。

In the interconnected cyberspace, countries are bound together by intertwined interests. A secure, stable and prosperous cyberspace is of great significance to all countries and the world.

國(guó)際社會(huì)要切實(shí)遵守《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》宗旨與原則，特別是不使用或威脅使用武力、和平解決爭(zhēng)端的原則，確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的和平與安全。各國(guó)應(yīng)共同反對(duì)利用信息通信技術(shù)實(shí)施敵對(duì)行動(dòng)和侵略行徑，防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)軍備競(jìng)賽，防范網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間沖突，堅(jiān)持以和平方式解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的爭(zhēng)端。應(yīng)摒棄冷戰(zhàn)思維、零和博弈和雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在充分尊重別國(guó)安全的基礎(chǔ)上，以合作謀和平，致力于在共同安全中實(shí)現(xiàn)自身安全。

The international community should observe the purposes and principles enshrined in the UN Charter in real earnest, particularly non-use of force and peaceful settlement of disputes, in order to ensure peace and security in cyberspace. All countries must oppose ICT-backed acts of hostility and aggression, prevent arms race and conflicts in cyberspace and settle disputes through peaceful means. Countries should reject the Cold War mentality, zero-sum game and double standards, uphold peace through cooperation and seek one’s own security through common security on the basis of full respect for other countries’ security.

網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義是影響國(guó)際和平與安全的新威脅。國(guó)際社會(huì)要采取切實(shí)措施，預(yù)防并合作打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)恐怖主義活動(dòng)。防范恐怖分子利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)宣傳恐怖極端思想，策劃和實(shí)施恐怖主義活動(dòng)。

Cyber terrorism poses a new threat to international peace and security. The international community should take pragmatic measures to prevent and fight against cyber terrorist activities. Efforts should be made to prevent terrorists from using the Internet to spread extremist ideology, or plan and orchestrate cyber terrorist activities.

二、主權(quán)原則

2. The Principle of Sovereignty

《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》確立的主權(quán)平等原則是當(dāng)代國(guó)際關(guān)系的基本準(zhǔn)則，覆蓋國(guó)與國(guó)交往各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，也應(yīng)該適用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間。國(guó)家間應(yīng)該相互尊重自主選擇網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展道路、網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理模式、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公共政策和平等參與國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間治理的權(quán)利，不搞網(wǎng)絡(luò)霸權(quán)，不干涉他國(guó)內(nèi)政，不從事、縱容或支持危害他國(guó)國(guó)家安全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)。

As a basic norm in contemporary international relations, the principle of sovereignty enshrined in the UN Charter covers all aspects of state-to-state relations, which also includes cyberspace. Countries should respect each other’s right to choose their own path of cyber development, model of cyber regulation and Internet public policies, and participate in international cyberspace governance on an equal footing. No country should pursue cyber hegemony, interfere in other countries’ internal affairs, or engage in, condone or support cyber activities that undermine other countries’ national security.

明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的主權(quán)，既能體現(xiàn)各國(guó)政府依法管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的責(zé)任和權(quán)利，也有助于推動(dòng)各國(guó)構(gòu)建政府、企業(yè)和社會(huì)團(tuán)體之間良性互動(dòng)的平臺(tái)，為信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及國(guó)際交流與合作營(yíng)造一個(gè)健康的生態(tài)環(huán)境。

Upholding sovereignty in cyberspace not only reflects governments’ responsibility and right to administer cyberspace in accordance with law, but also enables countries to build platforms for sound interactions among governments, businesses and social groups. This will foster a healthy environment for the advancement of information technology and international exchange and cooperation.

各國(guó)政府有權(quán)依法管網(wǎng)，對(duì)本國(guó)境內(nèi)信息通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和資源、信息通信活動(dòng)擁有管轄權(quán)，有權(quán)保護(hù)本國(guó)信息系統(tǒng)和信息資源免受威脅、干擾、攻擊和破壞，保障公民在網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的合法權(quán)益。各國(guó)政府有權(quán)制定本國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公共政策和法律法規(guī)，不受任何外來干預(yù)。各國(guó)在根據(jù)主權(quán)平等原則行使自身權(quán)利的同時(shí)，也需履行相應(yīng)的義務(wù)。各國(guó)不得利用信息通信技術(shù)干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政，不得利用自身優(yōu)勢(shì)損害別國(guó)信息通信技術(shù)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供應(yīng)鏈安全。

National governments are entitled to administer cyberspace in accordance with law. They exercise jurisdiction over ICT infrastructure, resources and activities within their territories, and are entitled to protect their ICT systems and resources from threat, disruption, attack and destruction so as to safeguard citizens’ legitimate rights and interests in cyberspace. National governments are entitled to enact public policies, laws and regulations with no foreign interference. Countries should exercise their rights based on the principle of sovereign equality and also perform their due duties. No country should use ICT to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs or leverage its advantage to undermine the security of other countries’ ICT product and service supply chain.

三、共治原則

3. The Principle of Shared Governance

網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間是人類共同的活動(dòng)空間，需要世界各國(guó)共同建設(shè)，共同治理。網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際治理，首先應(yīng)堅(jiān)持多邊參與。國(guó)家不分大小、強(qiáng)弱、貧富，都是國(guó)際社會(huì)平等成員，都有權(quán)通過國(guó)際網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理機(jī)制和平臺(tái)，平等參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的國(guó)際秩序與規(guī)則建設(shè)，確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的未來發(fā)展由各國(guó)人民共同掌握。

Cyberspace is the common space of activities for mankind, hence needs to be built and managed by all countries. International cyberspace governance should follow a multilateral approach. Countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are all equal members of the international community entitled to equal participation in developing international order and rules in cyberspace through international governance mechanisms and platforms, to ensure that the future development of cyberspace is in the hands of all peoples.

其次，應(yīng)堅(jiān)持多方參與。應(yīng)發(fā)揮政府、國(guó)際組織、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)、技術(shù)社群、民間機(jī)構(gòu)、公民個(gè)人等各主體作用，構(gòu)建全方位、多層面的治理平臺(tái)。各國(guó)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)溝通交流，完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間對(duì)話協(xié)商機(jī)制，共同制定網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際規(guī)則。聯(lián)合國(guó)作為重要渠道，應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮統(tǒng)籌作用，協(xié)調(diào)各方立場(chǎng)，凝聚國(guó)際共識(shí)。其他國(guó)際機(jī)制和平臺(tái)也應(yīng)發(fā)揮各自優(yōu)勢(shì)，提供有益補(bǔ)充。國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)共同管理和公平分配互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)資源，建立多邊、民主、透明的全球互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源共享、責(zé)任共擔(dān)、合作共治。

Second, international cyberspace governance should feature multi-party participation. All parties, including governments, international organizations, Internet companies, technology communities, non-governmental institutions and individual citizens, should play their respective roles in building an all-dimensional and multi-tiered governance platform. Countries should enhance communication, improve cyberspace-related dialogue and consultation mechanisms and jointly develop international cyber rules. The United Nations, as an important channel, should play a leading role in coordinating positions of various parties and building international consensus. Other international mechanisms and platforms should also give play to their respective advantages to complement relevant efforts. The international community needs to work together to manage jointly and distribute equitably basic Internet resources and put in place a multilateral, democratic and transparent global governance system, so that the Internet will be a place of open resources and shared responsibilities governed through cooperation.

四、普惠原則

4. The Principle of Shared Benefits

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與各行業(yè)的融合發(fā)展，對(duì)各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)形態(tài)和創(chuàng)新體系產(chǎn)生著全局性、革命性影響，為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)提供了強(qiáng)勁動(dòng)力。促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)效益普遍惠及各地區(qū)和國(guó)家，將為2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程的有效落實(shí)提供助力。