四級(jí)考試閱讀沖刺策略：有效利用真題
考生該如何提高應(yīng)試能力、在四六級(jí)考場(chǎng)上穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮呢?我們網(wǎng)羅各大名師探討四六級(jí)應(yīng)試技巧，希望大家能從中找到適合自己的方法。
一、模考
完整的?？紤?yīng)該包含寫(xiě)作，嚴(yán)格按照考試流程，這樣你才能更完整的體會(huì)到考試的強(qiáng)度，并通過(guò)多次的?？紒?lái)適應(yīng)這樣的強(qiáng)度，尤其是閱讀項(xiàng)目。在聽(tīng)力項(xiàng)目之后，10：3511：20的45分鐘時(shí)間內(nèi)，要完成一篇選詞填空、兩篇深度閱讀、一篇完形填空和五道中譯英題，這其中的兩項(xiàng)閱讀內(nèi)容的考察的分值比例占到了25%，尤其是深度閱讀的10道題，每題都達(dá)到了驚人的2分?？梢哉f(shuō)，閱讀項(xiàng)目的拿分情況就決定了最后的考試結(jié)果。通常情況下選詞填空的完成時(shí)間為6分鐘，每篇深度閱讀的完成時(shí)間為9分鐘。通過(guò)?？迹憧梢哉J(rèn)識(shí)到自己的做題速度與正確率，能在考試中合理分配時(shí)間精力，并且找到自身的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，在最后的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間中有針對(duì)性的來(lái)提升。
二、詞匯
詞匯是閱讀的基礎(chǔ)，經(jīng)過(guò)從開(kāi)學(xué)到11月底這兩個(gè)多月的復(fù)習(xí)，同學(xué)們?cè)趩卧~量上有了一定的積累與提升，在最后的半個(gè)月時(shí)間中應(yīng)該做查缺補(bǔ)漏的工作。因?yàn)樗募?jí)考試中的單詞重復(fù)率很高，所以在歷年試題中出現(xiàn)過(guò)而你卻不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞最應(yīng)當(dāng)受到關(guān)注。在近5年的真題中從這三個(gè)方位查找自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞重點(diǎn)記背，它們分別是：1. 聽(tīng)力的原文和選項(xiàng);2. 完形填空和選詞填空的選項(xiàng);3. 完形填空和仔細(xì)閱讀的文章。在四級(jí)考試的閱讀文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)3%的超綱詞，而給出中文注釋的只有一兩個(gè)，所以無(wú)論是在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中還是在考試中，同學(xué)們都不要執(zhí)著于必須要看懂每一個(gè)單詞，但一定要把歷年曾經(jīng)反復(fù)考過(guò)的重點(diǎn)詞匯掌握，這些詞就已經(jīng)可以幫助我們讀懂文章了。
三、深度閱讀
僅僅在做完文章之后對(duì)一下答案并不能提升水平，在最后的復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間中應(yīng)該利用近5年中已經(jīng)做過(guò)的真題進(jìn)行精細(xì)的總結(jié)，只有在總結(jié)中才能破解出題人的思路，找到自身的問(wèn)題所在。因此，表面看起來(lái)總結(jié)是一件費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力的事情，但卻是最行之有效提升水平的方法。
以下內(nèi)容將會(huì)從閱讀項(xiàng)目常考的3大題型入手來(lái)進(jìn)行講解，同學(xué)們可以在總結(jié)中來(lái)借鑒：
1.主旨題：考察對(duì)文章中心思想的把握。
標(biāo)志詞：mainly about、purpose、title
解答主旨題關(guān)鍵抓兩點(diǎn)：主題詞、主題句。
主旨題正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：包含主題詞，對(duì)文章主題句的同義改寫(xiě)。
主題詞是全文中心討論的事物。綜合全文，尤其是在每個(gè)段落的開(kāi)頭，反復(fù)重現(xiàn)的成分，往往是一個(gè)名詞或名詞詞組，那就是主題詞。而主旨題的正確選項(xiàng)是會(huì)包含主題詞的。
主題句往往在全文開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)，通常標(biāo)志分別為：1 全文開(kāi)頭作者明確下結(jié)論、表立場(chǎng)的句子; 2 全文開(kāi)頭引言后的解釋;3 全文開(kāi)頭轉(zhuǎn)折后的理論觀點(diǎn);4 全文開(kāi)頭故事背景后引出的第一個(gè)理論觀點(diǎn)。
例文1：06年1月
Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise。 Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While heres on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which youre able to rise to the occasion can be good for you. 主題句
In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldnt get the job done.
Stress that you can manage also boost immune function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody thats the bodys first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.
Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage, says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
Sustained stress is not good for you, says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, Its the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.
1. The passage is mainly about ___A___.
A) the benefits of manageable stress
B) how to cope with stress effectively
C) how to avoid stressful
D) the effect of stress harmonies on memory
分析：綜合各段開(kāi)頭反復(fù)重現(xiàn)的成分既為主題詞，stress，不包含主題詞的優(yōu)先排除，四選項(xiàng)全部包含，轉(zhuǎn)而查找主題句，文章開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)引言，引言后的解釋句中出現(xiàn)several studies suggest明確的結(jié)論性表達(dá)，引導(dǎo)全文主題的出現(xiàn)，A選項(xiàng)為文章主題句的同義改寫(xiě)，manageable對(duì)應(yīng)rise to，benefits對(duì)應(yīng)be good for。BC選項(xiàng)都以how to開(kāi)頭，而原文中并未提出解決方法，因此排除。D選項(xiàng)是針對(duì)第3段的細(xì)節(jié)信息，不能夠概括全文，因此排除，而且請(qǐng)各位同學(xué)注意，D選項(xiàng)幾乎完全照抄原文，像這樣的選項(xiàng)在選之前請(qǐng)先思考一下，這2分拿得會(huì)不會(huì)太輕松。近5年內(nèi)只有06年6月24日的57題以照抄原文的形式作為正確答案，這是非常罕見(jiàn)的。
總結(jié)：主旨題正確選項(xiàng)一定包含主題詞，對(duì)主題句同義改寫(xiě)，照抄原文的選項(xiàng)通常不正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題：考察對(duì)文章中重要細(xì)節(jié)的把握。
標(biāo)志：題干較長(zhǎng)，包含很多細(xì)節(jié)信息。
解答細(xì)節(jié)題關(guān)鍵抓三點(diǎn)：關(guān)鍵詞定位、重要考點(diǎn)定位、順序原則。
細(xì)節(jié)題正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：對(duì)原文信息的同義改寫(xiě)：語(yǔ)言形式對(duì)應(yīng)、含義對(duì)應(yīng)。
關(guān)鍵詞定位：利用題干中的信息回到原文中找到答案出處，題干中可作為關(guān)鍵詞的信息通常為：1 大寫(xiě)專有名詞;2 數(shù)字時(shí)間;3 引言;4 本題干中獨(dú)特的名詞或名詞詞組。
考點(diǎn)定位：考點(diǎn)是出題人重點(diǎn)出題的熱點(diǎn)信息，通常為：1 四種特殊語(yǔ)言形式：因果、并列、比較、轉(zhuǎn)折;2 數(shù)字串、舉例前或后的結(jié)論;3 結(jié)論建議性表達(dá)。
順序原則：5道題基本按照順序在原文中尋找答案，但主旨題永遠(yuǎn)在文章開(kāi)頭找答案不參與順序原則。
四級(jí)備考攻略：作文范文模板大全 做模擬試題 高頻詞匯記憶 歷年真題 四級(jí)報(bào)班
六級(jí)備考攻略：作文范文模板大全 做模擬試題 高頻詞匯記憶 歷年真題 六級(jí)報(bào)班
四六級(jí)課程推薦 北京學(xué)校報(bào)名咨詢電話：010-82611818 課程名稱 課時(shí) 試聽(tīng) 報(bào) 名 四級(jí)強(qiáng)化精品走讀班(45人名師版) 24 試聽(tīng) 咨詢 四六級(jí)名師閱讀/聽(tīng)力/寫(xiě)作單項(xiàng)班 10 試聽(tīng) 咨詢 四六級(jí)?？即v班 4 試聽(tīng) 咨詢 例文2：06年6月24日
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded and can come back to haunt you appears to be the key to the finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.
His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. 1Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment of emailing would make it easier to lie. 2Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practised at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial 1whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and 2whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call, say than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous responses to an unexpected demand, such as: Do you like my dress?
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.
2.Hancocks research finding surprised those who believed that __C__.
A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C) people are most likely to lie in email communication
D) people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
分析：以題干中的research finding結(jié)合surprised回到原文定位，因?yàn)槭堑?題所以按照順序原則在文章中前部的第3段開(kāi)頭找到His results和surprised的對(duì)應(yīng)。原文中出現(xiàn)someothers的搭配說(shuō)明有兩類psychologists，分別是email和face-to-face，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都沒(méi)有同時(shí)包含這二者的，那么就看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)正確的表述了其中之一，AD因?yàn)檎f(shuō)的是instant messages和phone首先被排除，B選項(xiàng)中的unlikely和原文中的lie more相對(duì)立，因此排除，C選項(xiàng)中的most likely對(duì)應(yīng)原文中the biggest，是對(duì)原文信息的同義改寫(xiě)，因此正確。
總結(jié)：文章三段中大量出現(xiàn)比較和因果考點(diǎn)，如：the biggest、reasoning、because 、easier 、lie more 、most practised，因此本段被考到的幾率非常大。而且在原文中出現(xiàn)最高級(jí)biggest的時(shí)候，正確選項(xiàng)也同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了對(duì)應(yīng)most likely，語(yǔ)言形式對(duì)應(yīng)。注意關(guān)注文章中的重要考點(diǎn)，正確答案的語(yǔ)言形式與原文相對(duì)應(yīng)。
3. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? A
A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.
分析：以題干中的tell the truth結(jié)合因果詞why回到原文定位，因?yàn)槭堑?題所以按照順序原則在文章中部的第4段找到be afraid to lie的對(duì)應(yīng)。原文中定位句的前一句同時(shí)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折But、最高級(jí)crucial考點(diǎn)，這正是答案出現(xiàn)的明確信號(hào)。定位的本句說(shuō)人們 be afraid to lie也就是tell the truth是因?yàn)樗麄兊弥@個(gè)對(duì)話日后會(huì)hold them to account使得他們承擔(dān)責(zé)任，這是對(duì)本段開(kāi)頭Hancock所提出的兩個(gè)crucial最重要觀點(diǎn)中的1 being recorded的展開(kāi)解釋，正確答案A選項(xiàng)中的leaving behind traces對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的recorded。B與原文無(wú)關(guān)，CD選項(xiàng)是3段那兩類psychologists的觀點(diǎn)，而本題問(wèn)的是According to the passage本文的觀點(diǎn)，也就是實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)施人Hancock的觀點(diǎn)，CD選項(xiàng)尤其是D選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤率很高，大部分錯(cuò)選CD的同學(xué)都是因?yàn)閷忣}不明確，并且是在憑借印象做題，而沒(méi)有在文章中找尋明確對(duì)應(yīng)。
總結(jié)：關(guān)注文章中的重要考點(diǎn)，注意同義替換詞的積累，在09年6月的63題中再次考到了用leave traces同義替換原文3段的recorded。重復(fù)的內(nèi)容反復(fù)考，因此要求不斷積累正確選項(xiàng)和原文之間的同義替換。
3.語(yǔ)義題：考察根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義的能力
標(biāo)志：題干中包含明確位置，如：。
解答語(yǔ)義題關(guān)鍵抓兩點(diǎn)：利用并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)、根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義推斷。
語(yǔ)義題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單詞的本意。
簡(jiǎn)單詞的本意往往為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
例題4：05年6月
What do the environmentalists mean by saying Not so fast ? C
A) Oil exploitation takes a long time
B) The oil drilling should be delayed
C) Dont be too optimistic
D) Dont expect fast returns
分析：題干非常簡(jiǎn)單，從字面意思上看與速度和時(shí)間有關(guān)系，AB中的takes a long time和delayed都是Not so fast的字面意思，D選項(xiàng)更是用fast來(lái)解釋Not so fast，因此ABD同時(shí)排除，正確答案是C，與簡(jiǎn)單的題干的字面意思沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系。
總結(jié)：語(yǔ)義題的題干如果很簡(jiǎn)單，那么正確答案就與字面意思無(wú)關(guān)。
利用并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)
例題5：
The word shun most probably means ___B___.
A) cut down on減少
B) stay away from 遠(yuǎn)離
C) run out of 用完
D) put up with 忍受
分析：Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise。在本句話中出現(xiàn)比較more than，把前后的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比they對(duì)應(yīng)Humans，shun對(duì)應(yīng)avoid，對(duì)應(yīng)正確答案B，stay away from 遠(yuǎn)離。
總結(jié)：靈活利用并列、比較等平行結(jié)構(gòu)尋找對(duì)應(yīng)
根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)義推斷
例題6：2008年12月
What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by the ostrich approach ? D
A) A casual attitude towards ones health conditions
B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems
C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved
D) Unwillingness to find out about ones disease because of fear
分析：原文Then there is the ostrich approach. Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, says Dr. Ross Cartmill. 關(guān)于ostrich approach的意思，需要看上下文的內(nèi)容，也就是對(duì)應(yīng)在后面的那句話，D選項(xiàng)中的Unwillingness to find out對(duì)應(yīng)原文的would rather not know，fear對(duì)應(yīng)scared，因此為正確答案。
總結(jié)：語(yǔ)義題不是考察你是否認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，而是考察你能不能利用上下文推斷出它在文章里的含義。
四級(jí)備考攻略：作文范文模板大全 做模擬試題 高頻詞匯記憶 歷年真題 四級(jí)報(bào)班
六級(jí)備考攻略：作文范文模板大全 做模擬試題 高頻詞匯記憶 歷年真題 六級(jí)報(bào)班
四六級(jí)課程推薦 北京學(xué)校報(bào)名咨詢電話：010-82611818 課程名稱 課時(shí) 試聽(tīng) 報(bào) 名 四級(jí)強(qiáng)化精品走讀班(45人名師版) 24 試聽(tīng) 咨詢 四六級(jí)名師閱讀/聽(tīng)力/寫(xiě)作單項(xiàng)班 10 試聽(tīng) 咨詢 四六級(jí)?？即v班 4 試聽(tīng) 咨詢
四、快速閱讀
快速閱讀項(xiàng)目規(guī)定的完成時(shí)間是在作文之后的9:40-9:55，而且9:55的時(shí)候會(huì)收答題卡I其中包含作文和快速閱讀，因此快速閱讀只有15分鐘，不光 要完成解答還要填好機(jī)讀卡，在速度上要求很高，因此就要求快速閱讀的做題方法有別于深度閱讀，但方法的根本還是一致的，那就是關(guān)鍵詞的定位。
快速閱讀解題三步驟：
瀏覽大標(biāo)題小標(biāo)題，了解文章主題結(jié)構(gòu)。
根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞結(jié)合小標(biāo)題和出題順序在原文中找到定位。
正確答案：1-7完整照抄原文或?qū)υ耐x改寫(xiě)的選項(xiàng)為正確答案;8-10對(duì)比原文與題干，缺失的成分為答案，注意填入的內(nèi)容的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂搭配與題干一致。
How Do You See Diversity 2009年6月
As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company. During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.
