2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀韜光養(yǎng)晦為稱(chēng)雄

　　New humility for the hegemon

　　韜光養(yǎng)晦為稱(chēng)雄

　　NO ONE loves a huge neighbour. For all that, Indias relations with the countries that ring it areabysmal. Of the eight with which it shares a land or maritime boundary, only two can be saidto be happy with India: tiny Maldives, where India has the only foreign embassy and dispensesmuch largesse, and Bhutan, which has a policy of being happy about everything. Among itsother South Asian neighbours, the worlds biggest democracy is incredible mainly because ofits amazing ability to generate wariness and resentment.

　　沒(méi)有國(guó)家喜歡與大國(guó)比鄰而居。盡管如此，印度與其周邊國(guó)家的關(guān)系只能用糟糕透頂來(lái)形容。在與其共壤或共海上邊界的八個(gè)國(guó)家中，只有兩個(gè)國(guó)家能說(shuō)對(duì)印度感到滿(mǎn)意：極小的馬爾代夫和不丹。印度大使館是馬爾代夫境內(nèi)唯一的外國(guó)大使館，并在馬爾大夫大行慷慨;不丹奉行與世無(wú)爭(zhēng)的政策，對(duì)一切都感到滿(mǎn)意。在其南亞鄰居看來(lái)，印度讓人產(chǎn)生戒心和憤恨的驚人能力，實(shí)在與世界最大民主國(guó)家難以匹配。

　　Until recently it operated a shoot-to-kill policy towards migrant workers and cattle rustlersalong its long border with Bangladesh. Over the years it has meddled madly in Nepals internalaffairs. In Myanmar India snuggles up to the countrys thuggish dictators, leaving thebeleaguered opposition to wonder what happened to Indias championing of democracy.Relations with Sri Lanka are conflicted. It treats China with more respect, but feuds with itabout its border.

　　直到近來(lái)，印度還對(duì)跨越邊境的孟加拉國(guó)民工和偷牛賊施行格殺勿論的政策;多年來(lái)，它對(duì)尼泊爾的內(nèi)政瘋狂干涉;在緬甸，印度與該國(guó)兇殘的獨(dú)裁者沆瀣一氣，遭圍攻的反對(duì)派很想知道印度倡導(dǎo)的民主究竟發(fā)生了什么變故;印度與斯里蘭卡的關(guān)系也是沖突不斷;它對(duì)中國(guó)要更尊重一些，不過(guò)因邊界問(wèn)題，兩者也是世仇。

　　As for Pakistan, relations are defined by theiranimosity. One former Indian diplomat likenedreconciling the two nuclear-tipped powers to treatingtwo patients whose only disease is an allergy toeach other. The observation underscores the factthat it takes two to have bad relations, and to be fairto India plenty of problems press in on itmany ofthem with their roots in Indias bloody partition in1947. Pakistan has used a long-running territorialdispute over Kashmir as a reason to launch wars. Italso exports terrorism to India, sometimes with theconnivance of parts of the Pakistani state. India thinks Bangladesh also harbours India-hatingterrorists.

　　至于說(shuō)巴基斯坦，仇恨是兩國(guó)的關(guān)系的主流。前印度外交官將調(diào)解印巴這兩個(gè)裝有核彈頭國(guó)家的關(guān)系比作治療兩個(gè)病人他們的唯一病癥就是彼此過(guò)敏。評(píng)論認(rèn)為一個(gè)巴掌拍不響，糟糕的關(guān)系是雙方共同造成的。平心而論，雙方關(guān)系如此糟糕因歸咎于印度。諸多問(wèn)題堆積疊加于是出現(xiàn)今天的局面許多問(wèn)題可以追溯到1947年的血腥分治。兩國(guó)克什米爾問(wèn)題上的長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)端，為巴基斯坦挑起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)提供了借口。巴基斯坦同樣向印度輸出恐怖主義有時(shí)會(huì)在巴基斯坦國(guó)家部分地區(qū)的縱容默許之下。印度認(rèn)為，孟加拉共和國(guó)也藏匿有仇恨印度的恐怖主義分子。

　　With the notable exception of Indias prime minister, Manmohan Singh, who has heroicallypersisted in dialogue with Pakistan in the face of provocations and domestic resistance, Indiasdealings with its neighbours are mostly driven by arrogance and neglect. It has sharedshockingly little of its economic dynamism and new-found prosperity with those around it. Just5% of South Asias trade is within the region.

　　面對(duì)挑撥和國(guó)內(nèi)反抗，印度總理辛格勇敢地堅(jiān)持與巴基斯坦進(jìn)行對(duì)話，在外交中采取難能可貴的主動(dòng)姿態(tài)?？傮w而言，印度對(duì)其鄰居都是傲慢和怠慢的。印度極少與周邊鄰國(guó)分享經(jīng)濟(jì)活力和新近取得的繁榮。南亞貿(mào)易中，只有5%是在這一地區(qū)完成的。

　　Too little and too late, the neglect is starting to be replaced by engagement . Thisweek Sonia Gandhi, dynastic leader of Indias ruling Congress Party, visited Bangladesha first.And on July 27th Indias foreign minister hosted his Pakistani counterpart, the first suchmeeting in a year. He promised a comprehensive, serious and sustained dialogue.

　　亡羊補(bǔ)牢，其猶未晚?近來(lái)，印度的態(tài)度由怠慢轉(zhuǎn)向合作。本周，印度執(zhí)政的國(guó)大黨主席索尼婭甘地史無(wú)前例地訪問(wèn)了孟加拉共和國(guó)。7月27日，印度外交部長(zhǎng)與巴基斯坦外交部長(zhǎng)舉行會(huì)談今年以來(lái)這種會(huì)談尚屬首次。他承諾本著理解、認(rèn)真、持續(xù)的精神展開(kāi)對(duì)話。

　　A new regional engagement is prodded by twothings. Chinas rapid and increasingly assertive risechallenges Indias own regional dominance. As afoundation for its rise, China pursued a vigoroussmile diplomacy towards its neighbours thatstands in contrast to slothful Indian energies. Thesmile has sometimes turned to snarl of late . Even so, Chinas engagement with itsneighbours has allowed it both to prosper and tospread influence.

　　兩件事促成一份新的地區(qū)承諾。首先，中國(guó)迅速而愈發(fā)自信的崛起對(duì)印度自身地區(qū)主導(dǎo)地位是一大挑戰(zhàn)。作為崛起的基礎(chǔ)，中國(guó)對(duì)鄰居奉行強(qiáng)有力的微笑外交，與印度的懶散形成鮮明的對(duì)比。最近，這種微笑外交有時(shí)會(huì)變成咆哮。即便如此，中國(guó)與其鄰居的承諾保證其既能繁榮昌盛又能擴(kuò)大影響。

　　Our interactive map displays the various territorial claims of India, Pakistan and China from eachcountry s perspective

　　《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》互動(dòng)地圖展示了印度、巴基斯坦和中國(guó)各方視角的領(lǐng)土訴求

　　Second, dynamic India can hardly soar globally while mired in its own backyard. Promotingregional prosperity is surely the best way to persuade neighbours that its own rise is more ofan opportunity than a threat. Yet India lacks any kind of vision. A region-wide energy marketusing northern neighbours hydropower would transform South Asian economies. Vision, too,could go a long way to restoring ties that history has cut asunder, such as those betweenKarachi and Mumbai, once sister commercial cities but now as good as on different planets;and Kolkata and its huge former hinterland in Bangladesh. Without development and deeperintegration, other resentments will be hard to soothe. It falls on the huge unloved neighbourto make the running.

　　其次，其次，如果后院起火的話，就算印度再充滿(mǎn)活力也不能在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)大展拳腳。。要讓鄰居認(rèn)為與其說(shuō)印度崛起是個(gè)威脅不如說(shuō)是個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，促進(jìn)區(qū)域繁榮是確鑿無(wú)疑的最好方式。然而，印度缺乏任何形式的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)。使用北方鄰國(guó)的水力發(fā)電來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)出一個(gè)區(qū)域性能源市場(chǎng)，這樣便可以帶動(dòng)南亞經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。同樣，要修復(fù)被歷史切割為碎片的聯(lián)系，這一懷遠(yuǎn)之道還有相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。例如，卡拉奇和孟買(mǎi)在歷史上是姊妹商業(yè)城市，現(xiàn)在卻形同陌路，仿佛不在一個(gè)星球之上;還有加爾各答和原其孟加拉國(guó)巨大腹地亦是如此。沒(méi)有發(fā)展和深入合作，很難化解其余的仇恨。而這一責(zé)任還需這個(gè)不招人待見(jiàn)的鄰居來(lái)帶頭。

　　New humility for the hegemon

　　韜光養(yǎng)晦為稱(chēng)雄

　　NO ONE loves a huge neighbour. For all that, Indias relations with the countries that ring it areabysmal. Of the eight with which it shares a land or maritime boundary, only two can be saidto be happy with India: tiny Maldives, where India has the only foreign embassy and dispensesmuch largesse, and Bhutan, which has a policy of being happy about everything. Among itsother South Asian neighbours, the worlds biggest democracy is incredible mainly because ofits amazing ability to generate wariness and resentment.

　　沒(méi)有國(guó)家喜歡與大國(guó)比鄰而居。盡管如此，印度與其周邊國(guó)家的關(guān)系只能用糟糕透頂來(lái)形容。在與其共壤或共海上邊界的八個(gè)國(guó)家中，只有兩個(gè)國(guó)家能說(shuō)對(duì)印度感到滿(mǎn)意：極小的馬爾代夫和不丹。印度大使館是馬爾代夫境內(nèi)唯一的外國(guó)大使館，并在馬爾大夫大行慷慨;不丹奉行與世無(wú)爭(zhēng)的政策，對(duì)一切都感到滿(mǎn)意。在其南亞鄰居看來(lái)，印度讓人產(chǎn)生戒心和憤恨的驚人能力，實(shí)在與世界最大民主國(guó)家難以匹配。

　　Until recently it operated a shoot-to-kill policy towards migrant workers and cattle rustlersalong its long border with Bangladesh. Over the years it has meddled madly in Nepals internalaffairs. In Myanmar India snuggles up to the countrys thuggish dictators, leaving thebeleaguered opposition to wonder what happened to Indias championing of democracy.Relations with Sri Lanka are conflicted. It treats China with more respect, but feuds with itabout its border.

　　直到近來(lái)，印度還對(duì)跨越邊境的孟加拉國(guó)民工和偷牛賊施行格殺勿論的政策;多年來(lái)，它對(duì)尼泊爾的內(nèi)政瘋狂干涉;在緬甸，印度與該國(guó)兇殘的獨(dú)裁者沆瀣一氣，遭圍攻的反對(duì)派很想知道印度倡導(dǎo)的民主究竟發(fā)生了什么變故;印度與斯里蘭卡的關(guān)系也是沖突不斷;它對(duì)中國(guó)要更尊重一些，不過(guò)因邊界問(wèn)題，兩者也是世仇。

　　As for Pakistan, relations are defined by theiranimosity. One former Indian diplomat likenedreconciling the two nuclear-tipped powers to treatingtwo patients whose only disease is an allergy toeach other. The observation underscores the factthat it takes two to have bad relations, and to be fairto India plenty of problems press in on itmany ofthem with their roots in Indias bloody partition in1947. Pakistan has used a long-running territorialdispute over Kashmir as a reason to launch wars. Italso exports terrorism to India, sometimes with theconnivance of parts of the Pakistani state. India thinks Bangladesh also harbours India-hatingterrorists.

　　至于說(shuō)巴基斯坦，仇恨是兩國(guó)的關(guān)系的主流。前印度外交官將調(diào)解印巴這兩個(gè)裝有核彈頭國(guó)家的關(guān)系比作治療兩個(gè)病人他們的唯一病癥就是彼此過(guò)敏。評(píng)論認(rèn)為一個(gè)巴掌拍不響，糟糕的關(guān)系是雙方共同造成的。平心而論，雙方關(guān)系如此糟糕因歸咎于印度。諸多問(wèn)題堆積疊加于是出現(xiàn)今天的局面許多問(wèn)題可以追溯到1947年的血腥分治。兩國(guó)克什米爾問(wèn)題上的長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)端，為巴基斯坦挑起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)提供了借口。巴基斯坦同樣向印度輸出恐怖主義有時(shí)會(huì)在巴基斯坦國(guó)家部分地區(qū)的縱容默許之下。印度認(rèn)為，孟加拉共和國(guó)也藏匿有仇恨印度的恐怖主義分子。

　　With the notable exception of Indias prime minister, Manmohan Singh, who has heroicallypersisted in dialogue with Pakistan in the face of provocations and domestic resistance, Indiasdealings with its neighbours are mostly driven by arrogance and neglect. It has sharedshockingly little of its economic dynamism and new-found prosperity with those around it. Just5% of South Asias trade is within the region.

　　面對(duì)挑撥和國(guó)內(nèi)反抗，印度總理辛格勇敢地堅(jiān)持與巴基斯坦進(jìn)行對(duì)話，在外交中采取難能可貴的主動(dòng)姿態(tài)?？傮w而言，印度對(duì)其鄰居都是傲慢和怠慢的。印度極少與周邊鄰國(guó)分享經(jīng)濟(jì)活力和新近取得的繁榮。南亞貿(mào)易中，只有5%是在這一地區(qū)完成的。

　　Too little and too late, the neglect is starting to be replaced by engagement . Thisweek Sonia Gandhi, dynastic leader of Indias ruling Congress Party, visited Bangladesha first.And on July 27th Indias foreign minister hosted his Pakistani counterpart, the first suchmeeting in a year. He promised a comprehensive, serious and sustained dialogue.

　　亡羊補(bǔ)牢，其猶未晚?近來(lái)，印度的態(tài)度由怠慢轉(zhuǎn)向合作。本周，印度執(zhí)政的國(guó)大黨主席索尼婭甘地史無(wú)前例地訪問(wèn)了孟加拉共和國(guó)。7月27日，印度外交部長(zhǎng)與巴基斯坦外交部長(zhǎng)舉行會(huì)談今年以來(lái)這種會(huì)談尚屬首次。他承諾本著理解、認(rèn)真、持續(xù)的精神展開(kāi)對(duì)話。

　　A new regional engagement is prodded by twothings. Chinas rapid and increasingly assertive risechallenges Indias own regional dominance. As afoundation for its rise, China pursued a vigoroussmile diplomacy towards its neighbours thatstands in contrast to slothful Indian energies. Thesmile has sometimes turned to snarl of late . Even so, Chinas engagement with itsneighbours has allowed it both to prosper and tospread influence.

　　兩件事促成一份新的地區(qū)承諾。首先，中國(guó)迅速而愈發(fā)自信的崛起對(duì)印度自身地區(qū)主導(dǎo)地位是一大挑戰(zhàn)。作為崛起的基礎(chǔ)，中國(guó)對(duì)鄰居奉行強(qiáng)有力的微笑外交，與印度的懶散形成鮮明的對(duì)比。最近，這種微笑外交有時(shí)會(huì)變成咆哮。即便如此，中國(guó)與其鄰居的承諾保證其既能繁榮昌盛又能擴(kuò)大影響。

　　Our interactive map displays the various territorial claims of India, Pakistan and China from eachcountry s perspective

　　《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》互動(dòng)地圖展示了印度、巴基斯坦和中國(guó)各方視角的領(lǐng)土訴求

　　Second, dynamic India can hardly soar globally while mired in its own backyard. Promotingregional prosperity is surely the best way to persuade neighbours that its own rise is more ofan opportunity than a threat. Yet India lacks any kind of vision. A region-wide energy marketusing northern neighbours hydropower would transform South Asian economies. Vision, too,could go a long way to restoring ties that history has cut asunder, such as those betweenKarachi and Mumbai, once sister commercial cities but now as good as on different planets;and Kolkata and its huge former hinterland in Bangladesh. Without development and deeperintegration, other resentments will be hard to soothe. It falls on the huge unloved neighbourto make the running.

　　其次，其次，如果后院起火的話，就算印度再充滿(mǎn)活力也不能在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)大展拳腳。。要讓鄰居認(rèn)為與其說(shuō)印度崛起是個(gè)威脅不如說(shuō)是個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，促進(jìn)區(qū)域繁榮是確鑿無(wú)疑的最好方式。然而，印度缺乏任何形式的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)。使用北方鄰國(guó)的水力發(fā)電來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)出一個(gè)區(qū)域性能源市場(chǎng)，這樣便可以帶動(dòng)南亞經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。同樣，要修復(fù)被歷史切割為碎片的聯(lián)系，這一懷遠(yuǎn)之道還有相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。例如，卡拉奇和孟買(mǎi)在歷史上是姊妹商業(yè)城市，現(xiàn)在卻形同陌路，仿佛不在一個(gè)星球之上;還有加爾各答和原其孟加拉國(guó)巨大腹地亦是如此。沒(méi)有發(fā)展和深入合作，很難化解其余的仇恨。而這一責(zé)任還需這個(gè)不招人待見(jiàn)的鄰居來(lái)帶頭。