2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀隔離世紀(jì)的終結(jié)

　　ALL-WHITE neighbourhoods are effectivelyextinct, according to The End of the SegregatedCentury , a recent report by the ManhattanInstitute, a New York think-tank. Only 0.5% ofAmericas 70,000 neighbourhoods are now all-white. In fact, American cities are today moreintegrated than they have been since 1910. Andsince 1960 the proportion of black Americansliving in ghetto neighbourhoods has dropped from nearly half to about 20%.

　　紐約智庫(kù)曼哈頓研究所在其名為《隔離世紀(jì)的終結(jié)》的最新報(bào)告中寫道：美國(guó)幾乎已經(jīng)沒(méi)有純白人社區(qū)了?，F(xiàn)在，美國(guó)70000個(gè)社區(qū)中，只有0.5%的社區(qū)僅有白人居民。與1910年相比，現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)城市要更加融合。自1960年至今，美國(guó)居住在黑人社區(qū)的黑人比例從將近50%下降到20%。

　　Until the Great Migration north, beginning around 1910, most of the black population lived inthe rural South. Then they were pushed into ghettos because of restrictive deed covenantsand blatant discrimination by landlords. Although the Supreme Court ruled against race-based zoning in 1917 and New York City outlawed housing discrimination in 1958, realchange did not begin until the 1960s during the civil rights era when segregation was still nearits peak.

　　1910年的向北大遷移之前，大多數(shù)黑人都居住在南方的農(nóng)村。但是隨著限制住宅契約的出現(xiàn)，以及業(yè)主們對(duì)黑人的大肆歧視，黑人們只好搬進(jìn)黑人社區(qū)。盡管在1917年最高法院判定種族分區(qū)違法，1958年紐約市也將住宅歧視視為違法，但是實(shí)際情況并沒(méi)有得到改善;直到二十世紀(jì)六十年代民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期，種族隔離幾乎達(dá)到頂峰之后，情況才真正有所好轉(zhuǎn)。

　　Gentrification has also helped: Washington, DCs Navy Yard for instance, 95% black in 2000,is now less than a third black. America is also no longer a biracial country. Latinos and Asiansare moving into so-called white and black neighbourhoods. The typical black American nowlives in a neighbourhood that is 14% Hispanic, about the same figure as for whites.

　　中產(chǎn)階級(jí)化也推波助瀾：以華盛頓特區(qū)海軍碼頭為例，2000年時(shí)那里95%都是黑人，而現(xiàn)在其黑人人數(shù)只有不到三分之一。美國(guó)也不再是一個(gè)只有兩個(gè)種族的國(guó)家，拉丁裔和亞裔的美國(guó)人也開始搬進(jìn)那些曾經(jīng)的白人和黑人社區(qū)。典型美國(guó)黑人現(xiàn)在生活的社區(qū)中，拉丁裔美國(guó)人占到14%，與社區(qū)中白人所占比例相當(dāng)。

　　Depopulation of ghettos, rather than integration of them, has also contributed to thedecline in segregation. Thanks to better access to credit, there has been a movement outof the cities to the suburbs, particularly in sunnier states. The biggest drop in segregationover the past decade has been in places that had the most subprime lending, notes JacobVidgor, the reports co-author.

　　與社區(qū)融合不同，一些黑人社區(qū)的消亡，也成為社會(huì)隔離程度降低的因素之一。由于獲得貸款變得更加容易，從城市向郊區(qū)遷移已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢(shì)，而這種趨勢(shì)在美國(guó)陽(yáng)光地帶各州尤其明顯。雅各布?威格是這份報(bào)告的作者之一，他說(shuō)：過(guò)去十年間，隔離程度降低最為明顯的地方正是提供次級(jí)貸款最多的地方。

　　Places like Chicagos South Side are still almost entirely black, though overall the Windy Cityis a much more culturally mixed place than it used to be. Still, John Logan, a BrownUniversity sociologist, thinks the Manhattan Institutes assessment is over the top.Segregation is still pervasive, he reckons. There are still barriers to people moving awayfrom black neighbourhoods, even for those making good money.

　　雖然一些地方，如芝加哥南區(qū)，仍然基本上都是黑人聚居，但是整個(gè)風(fēng)城在文化上已經(jīng)比過(guò)去要融合的多。布朗大學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)家約翰?洛根認(rèn)為，曼哈頓政策研究所的這份報(bào)告高估了實(shí)際情況，社會(huì)隔離的現(xiàn)象仍然十分普遍。阻止人們從黑人社區(qū)搬出的種種壁壘仍然存在，甚至那些掙了大錢的居民也不能幸免。

　　The Urban Institute, a Washington, DC, think-tank, recently compiled a report card on arange of measures of racial and ethnic equity in the countrys 100 biggest metropolitanareas. The ten best cities for black-white equity are mostly in the South and in the West,while the ten worst are in the north-east and in the Midwest. Margery Turner, who compiledthe report, hastens to say there are still significant gaps to address. Even in metro areasscoring high marks, the average black American is more likely to live in poorerneighbourhoods, go to weaker schools, less likely to find a job and is less likely to own ahome than the average white. However, these gaps are two to three times bigger in theworst metro areas.

　　城市研究院是坐落在華盛頓特區(qū)的智庫(kù)，它最近匯總了來(lái)自美國(guó)面積最大的100個(gè)大城市的種族和民族公平的一系列指標(biāo)，編纂成一份成績(jī)報(bào)告單。種族最為公平的10所城市大都聚集在西部和南部，而種族公平性最差的10所城市則都在東北部以及中部。這份報(bào)告的編纂者馬熱爾?特納說(shuō)黑人和白人之間的仍然有很大的差距需要彌補(bǔ)。即使在一些報(bào)告單中成績(jī)較好的城市里，一般情況下，與白人相比，美國(guó)的黑人仍然更容易成為貧困社區(qū)的居民，進(jìn)入較差的學(xué)校，更難找到工作，或是擁有自己的房子。在成績(jī)最低的一些城市，這些差距則要擴(kuò)大兩到三倍。

　　ALL-WHITE neighbourhoods are effectivelyextinct, according to The End of the SegregatedCentury , a recent report by the ManhattanInstitute, a New York think-tank. Only 0.5% ofAmericas 70,000 neighbourhoods are now all-white. In fact, American cities are today moreintegrated than they have been since 1910. Andsince 1960 the proportion of black Americansliving in ghetto neighbourhoods has dropped from nearly half to about 20%.

　　紐約智庫(kù)曼哈頓研究所在其名為《隔離世紀(jì)的終結(jié)》的最新報(bào)告中寫道：美國(guó)幾乎已經(jīng)沒(méi)有純白人社區(qū)了?，F(xiàn)在，美國(guó)70000個(gè)社區(qū)中，只有0.5%的社區(qū)僅有白人居民。與1910年相比，現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)城市要更加融合。自1960年至今，美國(guó)居住在黑人社區(qū)的黑人比例從將近50%下降到20%。

　　Until the Great Migration north, beginning around 1910, most of the black population lived inthe rural South. Then they were pushed into ghettos because of restrictive deed covenantsand blatant discrimination by landlords. Although the Supreme Court ruled against race-based zoning in 1917 and New York City outlawed housing discrimination in 1958, realchange did not begin until the 1960s during the civil rights era when segregation was still nearits peak.

　　1910年的向北大遷移之前，大多數(shù)黑人都居住在南方的農(nóng)村。但是隨著限制住宅契約的出現(xiàn)，以及業(yè)主們對(duì)黑人的大肆歧視，黑人們只好搬進(jìn)黑人社區(qū)。盡管在1917年最高法院判定種族分區(qū)違法，1958年紐約市也將住宅歧視視為違法，但是實(shí)際情況并沒(méi)有得到改善;直到二十世紀(jì)六十年代民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)期，種族隔離幾乎達(dá)到頂峰之后，情況才真正有所好轉(zhuǎn)。

　　Gentrification has also helped: Washington, DCs Navy Yard for instance, 95% black in 2000,is now less than a third black. America is also no longer a biracial country. Latinos and Asiansare moving into so-called white and black neighbourhoods. The typical black American nowlives in a neighbourhood that is 14% Hispanic, about the same figure as for whites.

　　中產(chǎn)階級(jí)化也推波助瀾：以華盛頓特區(qū)海軍碼頭為例，2000年時(shí)那里95%都是黑人，而現(xiàn)在其黑人人數(shù)只有不到三分之一。美國(guó)也不再是一個(gè)只有兩個(gè)種族的國(guó)家，拉丁裔和亞裔的美國(guó)人也開始搬進(jìn)那些曾經(jīng)的白人和黑人社區(qū)。典型美國(guó)黑人現(xiàn)在生活的社區(qū)中，拉丁裔美國(guó)人占到14%，與社區(qū)中白人所占比例相當(dāng)。

　　Depopulation of ghettos, rather than integration of them, has also contributed to thedecline in segregation. Thanks to better access to credit, there has been a movement outof the cities to the suburbs, particularly in sunnier states. The biggest drop in segregationover the past decade has been in places that had the most subprime lending, notes JacobVidgor, the reports co-author.

　　與社區(qū)融合不同，一些黑人社區(qū)的消亡，也成為社會(huì)隔離程度降低的因素之一。由于獲得貸款變得更加容易，從城市向郊區(qū)遷移已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢(shì)，而這種趨勢(shì)在美國(guó)陽(yáng)光地帶各州尤其明顯。雅各布?威格是這份報(bào)告的作者之一，他說(shuō)：過(guò)去十年間，隔離程度降低最為明顯的地方正是提供次級(jí)貸款最多的地方。

　　Places like Chicagos South Side are still almost entirely black, though overall the Windy Cityis a much more culturally mixed place than it used to be. Still, John Logan, a BrownUniversity sociologist, thinks the Manhattan Institutes assessment is over the top.Segregation is still pervasive, he reckons. There are still barriers to people moving awayfrom black neighbourhoods, even for those making good money.

　　雖然一些地方，如芝加哥南區(qū)，仍然基本上都是黑人聚居，但是整個(gè)風(fēng)城在文化上已經(jīng)比過(guò)去要融合的多。布朗大學(xué)的社會(huì)學(xué)家約翰?洛根認(rèn)為，曼哈頓政策研究所的這份報(bào)告高估了實(shí)際情況，社會(huì)隔離的現(xiàn)象仍然十分普遍。阻止人們從黑人社區(qū)搬出的種種壁壘仍然存在，甚至那些掙了大錢的居民也不能幸免。

　　The Urban Institute, a Washington, DC, think-tank, recently compiled a report card on arange of measures of racial and ethnic equity in the countrys 100 biggest metropolitanareas. The ten best cities for black-white equity are mostly in the South and in the West,while the ten worst are in the north-east and in the Midwest. Margery Turner, who compiledthe report, hastens to say there are still significant gaps to address. Even in metro areasscoring high marks, the average black American is more likely to live in poorerneighbourhoods, go to weaker schools, less likely to find a job and is less likely to own ahome than the average white. However, these gaps are two to three times bigger in theworst metro areas.

　　城市研究院是坐落在華盛頓特區(qū)的智庫(kù)，它最近匯總了來(lái)自美國(guó)面積最大的100個(gè)大城市的種族和民族公平的一系列指標(biāo)，編纂成一份成績(jī)報(bào)告單。種族最為公平的10所城市大都聚集在西部和南部，而種族公平性最差的10所城市則都在東北部以及中部。這份報(bào)告的編纂者馬熱爾?特納說(shuō)黑人和白人之間的仍然有很大的差距需要彌補(bǔ)。即使在一些報(bào)告單中成績(jī)較好的城市里，一般情況下，與白人相比，美國(guó)的黑人仍然更容易成為貧困社區(qū)的居民，進(jìn)入較差的學(xué)校，更難找到工作，或是擁有自己的房子。在成績(jī)最低的一些城市，這些差距則要擴(kuò)大兩到三倍。