2023考研英語閱讀面相學面對真相
Physiognomy
面相學
Facing the truth
面對真相
Why a man s face can lie but still produce orgasms
一個男性的面相為什么可以說謊，但盡管如此仍能帶來高潮
Who are you calling a wide-boy?
你稱之為寬臉男孩的人是誰?
THESE days, physiognomy is an unfashionable science.
如今面相學是過時的學科。
The idea that character is etched into an individual s face is so much at variance with modernnotions of free will that research in the area dwindled long ago.
人的性格特征蝕刻在臉上這一想法跟現(xiàn)代自由抉擇的觀念差異很大，而現(xiàn)代自由抉擇觀念的研究領域很久以前就縮小了。
But it is making a tentative comeback.
不過人們一直在試驗性質地從事這項研究。
Two recent studies of faces suggest that their features do matter, biologically speaking: theycan predict dishonesty and they can provoke orgasm.
最近兩項面相研究表明，從生物學上來講，面部特征的確至關重要：面相可以預測不誠實，面相也能挑起高潮。
The study on dishonesty was done by Michael Haselhuhn and Elaine Wong of the Universityof Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and is published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.
對不誠實的研究是由威斯康星大學密爾沃基分校的邁克爾?哈澤爾胡恩和埃萊訥?黃進行的，并發(fā)表在《英國皇家學會會刊》上。
Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong wondered if a feature already known to reflect aggressivenessin men might also predict a tendency to lie and cheat.
哈澤爾胡恩博士和黃博士想知道一個已知反映男性有侵略性的特征是否也能預測該人具有說謊和欺騙的傾向。
That feature is the ratio of a face s width to its length.
這個特征就是面部的寬長比。
The wider a man s face, the more likely he will hit you.
一個男人的臉越寬，他越有可能打你。
Honest signals of aggressiveness make sense.
侵略性的誠實信號是有意義的。
Potential victims avoid starting fights they cannot win, while the aggressive get their waywithout risking injury.
潛在的受害者可以避免開始他們無法取勝的戰(zhàn)斗，而有侵略性的一方不用擔心會犯有傷害罪。
It does not, however, obviously make sense to give away in advance of a negotiation thatyou are likely to lie or cheat in it.
然而，在談判進行之前先行放棄顯然沒有意義，你可能會在談判中說謊或欺騙。
Yet Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong found this was the case.
而哈澤爾胡恩博士和黃博士發(fā)現(xiàn)的就是這種情形。
In both a staged negotiation using MBA students and a separate experiment in whichordinary undergraduates were given an opportunity to earn more money if theymisreported the results of a series of die rolls,
在啟用企業(yè)管理碩士進行的談判中，以及在普通大學生如果錯誤報告一系列滾筒模的結果就有機會賺更多錢的單獨試驗中，
the two researchers found that the wider a man s face was, compared with its height, themore likely he was to lie about his intentions or cheat.
兩位研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個男人的臉部同高度比越寬，他越有可能掩飾他的意圖或欺騙。
That did not, however, apply to women.
不過，這并不適用于女性。
The probable explanation is that the advantage of being seen, reliably, as aggressiveoutweighs the disadvantage of being, predictably, a cheat and a liar.
可能的解釋就是，被可靠地視為有侵略性的好處比預測出騙子和說謊者的壞處要來得重要。
Also, the fear of retaliation provoked by aggressiveness means victims of cheating and lyingmight not want to push the point anyway,
此外，欺騙和說謊的受害者因為害怕該人的侵略性促成的報復，可能無論如何都不想推知這點，
and might thus be willing to concede a certain amount of slippage in their negotiatingposition, knowing full well what is going on.
且可能因為非常了解會發(fā)生什么事，于是愿意在談判立場上退讓到一定限度。
Since women rarely use violence to get their way, they do not evolve such signals.
由于婦女很少使用暴力達到目的，所以她們沒有進化出這樣的信號。
The likelihood of a link between men s faces and women s orgasms is more obvious thanthat between faces and cheating,
男性的面相和女性的高潮之間存在聯(lián)系的可能性比面相和欺騙之間存在聯(lián)系的可能性更明顯，
but is nevertheless significant.
但仍然是重要的。
In a study to be published in Evolution and Human Behavior,
即將發(fā)表在《進化與人類行為》上的一項研究中，
David Puts and his colleagues at Pennsylvania State University found what you mightexpectthat sex with a good-looking man is more likely to result in orgasm than sex with aminger.
賓夕法尼亞州立大學的大衛(wèi)?普茨和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)了你可能會料到的事。
What this means is that good-looking men are even more likely to conceive children thanwas previously believed.
這意味著，好看的男人比人們以前所認為的更有可能擁有孩子。
Obviously, the handsome have more mating opportunities than the ugly.
跟一個好看的男子發(fā)生性關系比跟一個丑八怪發(fā)生性關系更有可能會達到高潮。顯然，英俊的人比丑陋的人有更多的做愛機會。
But if they more often bring a woman to orgasm, as well, each of those opportunities is morelikely to result in conception,
除了他們更經(jīng)常地讓女性達到高潮，每次這樣的機會也都更有可能導致受孕，
because contractions of the cervix and vagina during orgasm transport semen deeper intothe reproductive tract.
因為高潮期子宮頸和陰道的收縮把精液更深地送入了生殖道。
And that is what Dr Puts found.
這就是普茨博士所發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
He and his team recruited 70 couples and asked the women how they rated their men smasculinity and attractiveness,
他和他的小組招募了70對夫婦，詢問婦女她們?nèi)绾卧u價自己男人的陽剛之氣和吸引力，
and how often and when they orgasmed.
以及她們什么時候達到高潮、持續(xù)多久。
They also asked independent observers to rate the men s faces, and found broadagreement with the ratings from partners.
他們還要求獨立的觀察員評價男性的面相，并發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察員的評價與來自配偶的評價大體上一致。
As they predicted, women whose menfolk had attractive, masculine faces orgasmed moreoften during intercourse.
正如他們所預測的，對丈夫有吸引力的女性來說，男性化的面孔更經(jīng)常地讓她們在做愛時達到高潮。
They did not, by contrast, orgasm more frequently during masturbation or other sexualactivity.
相反，在手淫或其它性活動時她們不會頻繁達到高潮。
The extra orgasms also came at the same time as the man s climaxjust when they woulddo the most good for conception.
在男性達到高潮的同時女性也會出現(xiàn)額外的高潮，正好遇到他們這樣時最有利于受孕。
Women are thus choosing which men father their children not only in whom they take to bed,but in how they react to them, sexually.
因此，婦女選擇哪些男性做孩子的父親，不僅在于她們會帶誰上床，而且也在于她們對男性在性方面反應如何。
The consequence, since looks are inherited, is that their sons, too, will be sexy.
因為相貌是遺傳的，結果他們的兒子也是性感的。
Whether they will be cheats and liars is another matter.
他們是否會是騙子和說謊者又是另一回事。
詞語解釋
1.physiognomy n.相面術;外貌;地貌
His eyes were good, but otherwise there wasnothing remarkable in his physiognomy.
他的眼睛長得好,其它方面倒也別無特別突出的地方。
2.tentative a.不確定的;暫時的;試驗性質的
He still held a tentative relationship with Mary.
他還和瑪麗保持著若即若離的關系。
3.feature n.特征;特色;容貌
Their candor is a very pleasing feature.
他們的坦白是很愉快的特征。
4.aggressive a.侵略的;進攻性的;好斗的
He has an aggressive manner.
他的態(tài)度咄咄逼人。
5.victim n.受害者;受騙者
Think of yourself as a survivor, not a victim.
把自己看作幸運兒,不要看作受害者。
Physiognomy
面相學
Facing the truth
面對真相
Why a man s face can lie but still produce orgasms
一個男性的面相為什么可以說謊，但盡管如此仍能帶來高潮
Who are you calling a wide-boy?
你稱之為寬臉男孩的人是誰?
THESE days, physiognomy is an unfashionable science.
如今面相學是過時的學科。
The idea that character is etched into an individual s face is so much at variance with modernnotions of free will that research in the area dwindled long ago.
人的性格特征蝕刻在臉上這一想法跟現(xiàn)代自由抉擇的觀念差異很大，而現(xiàn)代自由抉擇觀念的研究領域很久以前就縮小了。
But it is making a tentative comeback.
不過人們一直在試驗性質地從事這項研究。
Two recent studies of faces suggest that their features do matter, biologically speaking: theycan predict dishonesty and they can provoke orgasm.
最近兩項面相研究表明，從生物學上來講，面部特征的確至關重要：面相可以預測不誠實，面相也能挑起高潮。
The study on dishonesty was done by Michael Haselhuhn and Elaine Wong of the Universityof Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and is published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.
對不誠實的研究是由威斯康星大學密爾沃基分校的邁克爾?哈澤爾胡恩和埃萊訥?黃進行的，并發(fā)表在《英國皇家學會會刊》上。
Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong wondered if a feature already known to reflect aggressivenessin men might also predict a tendency to lie and cheat.
哈澤爾胡恩博士和黃博士想知道一個已知反映男性有侵略性的特征是否也能預測該人具有說謊和欺騙的傾向。
That feature is the ratio of a face s width to its length.
這個特征就是面部的寬長比。
The wider a man s face, the more likely he will hit you.
一個男人的臉越寬，他越有可能打你。
Honest signals of aggressiveness make sense.
侵略性的誠實信號是有意義的。
Potential victims avoid starting fights they cannot win, while the aggressive get their waywithout risking injury.
潛在的受害者可以避免開始他們無法取勝的戰(zhàn)斗，而有侵略性的一方不用擔心會犯有傷害罪。
It does not, however, obviously make sense to give away in advance of a negotiation thatyou are likely to lie or cheat in it.
然而，在談判進行之前先行放棄顯然沒有意義，你可能會在談判中說謊或欺騙。
Yet Dr Haselhuhn and Dr Wong found this was the case.
而哈澤爾胡恩博士和黃博士發(fā)現(xiàn)的就是這種情形。
In both a staged negotiation using MBA students and a separate experiment in whichordinary undergraduates were given an opportunity to earn more money if theymisreported the results of a series of die rolls,
在啟用企業(yè)管理碩士進行的談判中，以及在普通大學生如果錯誤報告一系列滾筒模的結果就有機會賺更多錢的單獨試驗中，
the two researchers found that the wider a man s face was, compared with its height, themore likely he was to lie about his intentions or cheat.
兩位研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個男人的臉部同高度比越寬，他越有可能掩飾他的意圖或欺騙。
That did not, however, apply to women.
不過，這并不適用于女性。
The probable explanation is that the advantage of being seen, reliably, as aggressiveoutweighs the disadvantage of being, predictably, a cheat and a liar.
可能的解釋就是，被可靠地視為有侵略性的好處比預測出騙子和說謊者的壞處要來得重要。
Also, the fear of retaliation provoked by aggressiveness means victims of cheating and lyingmight not want to push the point anyway,
此外，欺騙和說謊的受害者因為害怕該人的侵略性促成的報復，可能無論如何都不想推知這點，
and might thus be willing to concede a certain amount of slippage in their negotiatingposition, knowing full well what is going on.
且可能因為非常了解會發(fā)生什么事，于是愿意在談判立場上退讓到一定限度。
Since women rarely use violence to get their way, they do not evolve such signals.
由于婦女很少使用暴力達到目的，所以她們沒有進化出這樣的信號。
The likelihood of a link between men s faces and women s orgasms is more obvious thanthat between faces and cheating,
男性的面相和女性的高潮之間存在聯(lián)系的可能性比面相和欺騙之間存在聯(lián)系的可能性更明顯，
but is nevertheless significant.
但仍然是重要的。
In a study to be published in Evolution and Human Behavior,
即將發(fā)表在《進化與人類行為》上的一項研究中，
David Puts and his colleagues at Pennsylvania State University found what you mightexpectthat sex with a good-looking man is more likely to result in orgasm than sex with aminger.
賓夕法尼亞州立大學的大衛(wèi)?普茨和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)了你可能會料到的事。
What this means is that good-looking men are even more likely to conceive children thanwas previously believed.
這意味著，好看的男人比人們以前所認為的更有可能擁有孩子。
Obviously, the handsome have more mating opportunities than the ugly.
跟一個好看的男子發(fā)生性關系比跟一個丑八怪發(fā)生性關系更有可能會達到高潮。顯然，英俊的人比丑陋的人有更多的做愛機會。
But if they more often bring a woman to orgasm, as well, each of those opportunities is morelikely to result in conception,
除了他們更經(jīng)常地讓女性達到高潮，每次這樣的機會也都更有可能導致受孕，
because contractions of the cervix and vagina during orgasm transport semen deeper intothe reproductive tract.
因為高潮期子宮頸和陰道的收縮把精液更深地送入了生殖道。
And that is what Dr Puts found.
這就是普茨博士所發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
He and his team recruited 70 couples and asked the women how they rated their men smasculinity and attractiveness,
他和他的小組招募了70對夫婦，詢問婦女她們?nèi)绾卧u價自己男人的陽剛之氣和吸引力，
and how often and when they orgasmed.
以及她們什么時候達到高潮、持續(xù)多久。
They also asked independent observers to rate the men s faces, and found broadagreement with the ratings from partners.
他們還要求獨立的觀察員評價男性的面相，并發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察員的評價與來自配偶的評價大體上一致。
As they predicted, women whose menfolk had attractive, masculine faces orgasmed moreoften during intercourse.
正如他們所預測的，對丈夫有吸引力的女性來說，男性化的面孔更經(jīng)常地讓她們在做愛時達到高潮。
They did not, by contrast, orgasm more frequently during masturbation or other sexualactivity.
相反，在手淫或其它性活動時她們不會頻繁達到高潮。
The extra orgasms also came at the same time as the man s climaxjust when they woulddo the most good for conception.
在男性達到高潮的同時女性也會出現(xiàn)額外的高潮，正好遇到他們這樣時最有利于受孕。
Women are thus choosing which men father their children not only in whom they take to bed,but in how they react to them, sexually.
因此，婦女選擇哪些男性做孩子的父親，不僅在于她們會帶誰上床，而且也在于她們對男性在性方面反應如何。
The consequence, since looks are inherited, is that their sons, too, will be sexy.
因為相貌是遺傳的，結果他們的兒子也是性感的。
Whether they will be cheats and liars is another matter.
他們是否會是騙子和說謊者又是另一回事。
詞語解釋
1.physiognomy n.相面術;外貌;地貌
His eyes were good, but otherwise there wasnothing remarkable in his physiognomy.
他的眼睛長得好,其它方面倒也別無特別突出的地方。
2.tentative a.不確定的;暫時的;試驗性質的
He still held a tentative relationship with Mary.
他還和瑪麗保持著若即若離的關系。
3.feature n.特征;特色;容貌
Their candor is a very pleasing feature.
他們的坦白是很愉快的特征。
4.aggressive a.侵略的;進攻性的;好斗的
He has an aggressive manner.
他的態(tài)度咄咄逼人。
5.victim n.受害者;受騙者
Think of yourself as a survivor, not a victim.
把自己看作幸運兒,不要看作受害者。
