2023年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ愰喿x理解測試題
Deep inside the brain there is a clock that governs every aspect of the bodys functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.
This body clocks programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5am and again between 3-5pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.
One of the major causes of the travelers malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of apersons internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses thebiological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjustto a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may beon a different schedule altogether.
Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to shrink our day.
That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quan-tity and quality than eastward flights.
When flying west, you are extending your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your in-ternal clock. Flying eastward will involve shrinking or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clocks natural tendency.
One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There aremany reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying tosleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock andworking longer hours.
It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destinations schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone.
So, our body clock truly can govern us.
31.The role of the body clock is to.
A. enable us to sleep 6 hours a day
B. help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle
C. regulate the bodys functions
D. interfere with the bodys functions
32. The word malady in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to.
A. condition
B. discomfort
C. injury
D. excitement
33. Flying in a westward direction will .
A. help you sleep better
B. increase the degree of jet lag
C. shrink your day
D. make you overeat
34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the disrupted sleep of travelers?
A. Crossing different time zones.
B. Changing light and activity levels.
C. Working longer hours.
D. Watching out of the plane for a long time.
35. It can be seen from the lasttwo paragraphs that .
A. you can control your own body clock
B. it is not difficult to adjust to a new time zone
C. adjusting your watch can help you avoid jet lag
D. there isnt much you can do to avoid jet lag
參考答案：31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D
Deep inside the brain there is a clock that governs every aspect of the bodys functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock.
This body clocks programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5am and again between 3-5pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon.
One of the major causes of the travelers malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of apersons internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses thebiological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjustto a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may beon a different schedule altogether.
Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to shrink our day.
That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quan-tity and quality than eastward flights.
When flying west, you are extending your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your in-ternal clock. Flying eastward will involve shrinking or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clocks natural tendency.
One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There aremany reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying tosleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock andworking longer hours.
It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destinations schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone.
So, our body clock truly can govern us.
31.The role of the body clock is to.
A. enable us to sleep 6 hours a day
B. help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle
C. regulate the bodys functions
D. interfere with the bodys functions
32. The word malady in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to.
A. condition
B. discomfort
C. injury
D. excitement
33. Flying in a westward direction will .
A. help you sleep better
B. increase the degree of jet lag
C. shrink your day
D. make you overeat
34. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the disrupted sleep of travelers?
A. Crossing different time zones.
B. Changing light and activity levels.
C. Working longer hours.
D. Watching out of the plane for a long time.
35. It can be seen from the lasttwo paragraphs that .
A. you can control your own body clock
B. it is not difficult to adjust to a new time zone
C. adjusting your watch can help you avoid jet lag
D. there isnt much you can do to avoid jet lag
參考答案：31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D
