英語講義【64】容易混淆的形容詞和副詞
形容詞用來修飾名詞;副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子??墒?,有時形容詞和副詞容易混淆。例如A fast train reached the destination fast中的第一個fast是形容詞,第二個就是副詞。此外,有些詞既能是形容詞,也能是副詞,有些詞義不變,另些詞義不同;有些形容詞加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成的副詞和原來的形容詞意思相近,但有一些意義則相差甚遠(yuǎn);更有些形容詞,除自己本身能兼而充當(dāng)副詞之外,又可以再加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成派生副詞,若不小心,容易引起混淆。
下面分別舉例說明:
?、趴勺餍稳菰~又可作副詞,詞義不同如:
?、賏. Joelle is a pretty child.(形容詞)
b. Tom will be back pretty soon.(副詞)
②a. The old man has been ill for some time.(形容詞)
b. Dont speak ill of others.(副詞)
?、萍仁切稳菰~,也是副詞,句子中的語法功能不同,但意義一樣,如:
?、踑. What a deep ocean it is !(深的)
b. The boy dug deep into the ground.(深)
?、躠. Look at the high mountain!(高的)
b. Birds fly high in the sky.(高)
?、切稳菰~可以充當(dāng)副詞,又可以加上后綴,構(gòu)成派生副詞。在某些場合,兩者相近,可以通用(如例⑤和⑥);在另一些場合里,兩者意思有異,不可混為一談(如例⑦和⑧):
?、輆. Hold it tight, please!
b. Hold it tightly, please!
⑥a. Please read slower.
b. Please read more slowly.
?、遖. John came late yesterday.(遲)
b. John has been working hard lately.(最近)
?、郺. Jason works hard.(努力地)
b. Susan hardly works.(幾乎不)
?、扔行┬稳菰~或副詞,同時有多個意思,如:
?、醓. Hard labour(苦工)
b. Hard times(艱難時代)
?、鈇. The baby is fast asleep.(睡得熟)
b. Run fast, please!( 請快跑)
c. Hold the rope fast!(緊握繩索)
⑸同詞根的派生形容詞和形容詞及分詞間,意思雖甚接近,但容易引起混亂,如:
11a. The child is sleepy.(昏昏欲睡)
b. The child is still asleep.(還在睡眠中)
c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?(睡著的)
12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.(感到寂寞)
b. Mary was alone in the office last night.(獨自)
13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.(整夜未眠)
b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.(整夜未眠)
c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?(醒著的時刻)
(a)和(b)意思相近,但(a)的 awake 只能作補(bǔ)足語;(b)的 wakeful 則沒有這個局限。(c)里的 waking 現(xiàn)在分詞和(a)及(b)的兩個形容詞也似同非同,不易隨意取代。
形容詞用來修飾名詞;副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子??墒?,有時形容詞和副詞容易混淆。例如A fast train reached the destination fast中的第一個fast是形容詞,第二個就是副詞。此外,有些詞既能是形容詞,也能是副詞,有些詞義不變,另些詞義不同;有些形容詞加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成的副詞和原來的形容詞意思相近,但有一些意義則相差甚遠(yuǎn);更有些形容詞,除自己本身能兼而充當(dāng)副詞之外,又可以再加上后綴-ly構(gòu)成派生副詞,若不小心,容易引起混淆。
下面分別舉例說明:
?、趴勺餍稳菰~又可作副詞,詞義不同如:
?、賏. Joelle is a pretty child.(形容詞)
b. Tom will be back pretty soon.(副詞)
?、赼. The old man has been ill for some time.(形容詞)
b. Dont speak ill of others.(副詞)
⑵既是形容詞,也是副詞,句子中的語法功能不同,但意義一樣,如:
?、踑. What a deep ocean it is !(深的)
b. The boy dug deep into the ground.(深)
④a. Look at the high mountain!(高的)
b. Birds fly high in the sky.(高)
?、切稳菰~可以充當(dāng)副詞,又可以加上后綴,構(gòu)成派生副詞。在某些場合,兩者相近,可以通用(如例⑤和⑥);在另一些場合里,兩者意思有異,不可混為一談(如例⑦和⑧):
⑤a. Hold it tight, please!
b. Hold it tightly, please!
?、轪. Please read slower.
b. Please read more slowly.
?、遖. John came late yesterday.(遲)
b. John has been working hard lately.(最近)
?、郺. Jason works hard.(努力地)
b. Susan hardly works.(幾乎不)
⑷有些形容詞或副詞,同時有多個意思,如:
?、醓. Hard labour(苦工)
b. Hard times(艱難時代)
?、鈇. The baby is fast asleep.(睡得熟)
b. Run fast, please!( 請快跑)
c. Hold the rope fast!(緊握繩索)
?、赏~根的派生形容詞和形容詞及分詞間,意思雖甚接近,但容易引起混亂,如:
11a. The child is sleepy.(昏昏欲睡)
b. The child is still asleep.(還在睡眠中)
c. Why are you looking at the sleeping child?(睡著的)
12a. Diana feels lonely/ lonesome in the big house.(感到寂寞)
b. Mary was alone in the office last night.(獨自)
13a. Irene was awake the whole night last night.(整夜未眠)
b. Tom had a wakeful night last night.(整夜未眠)
c. What did you do during your waking hours last night?(醒著的時刻)
?。╝)和(b)意思相近,但(a)的 awake 只能作補(bǔ)足語;(b)的 wakeful 則沒有這個局限。(c)里的 waking 現(xiàn)在分詞和(a)及(b)的兩個形容詞也似同非同,不易隨意取代。