英語講義【44】合成動(dòng)詞
在英語的合成詞（compound words）中，合成動(dòng)詞（compound verbs）的數(shù)目較少，主要有下面三種類別：
?、甯痹~+動(dòng)詞，如 outdo, overcome, undermine, upset, cross-question, withhold, backbite 等。
?、婷~+動(dòng)詞，如 sunbathe, sidetrack, typewrite, house-hunt, browbeat, hoodwink, waylay 等。
㈢形容詞+動(dòng)詞，如 whitewash, safeguard, shortlist, blackmail 等。
這三類合成動(dòng)詞中，以第一種最為豐富，特別是那些由over, under, out引導(dǎo)的，更顯得多彩多姿。
由 over 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞含有太多、過多的意思，如： overact, overburden, overcharge, overdo, overdress, overeat, overestimate, overpower, overpraise, overproduce, overprotect, overrule, oversleep, overspend, overstate, overstay, overwork 等。
由 under 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞含 有太少、不足的意思，如： undercharge, underpay, underrate, understate, undervalue, underwork 等。
由 out 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞則含有超過、勝過之意，如： outdo, outgrow, outlive, outnumber, outside, outrank, outshine, outstay, outstrip, outweigh, outwit 等。
現(xiàn)在舉些句子示范：
?、?The food cost $3, but he was overcharged by 50 cents.
?、?Some romantic scenes in our TV shows were overdone.
?、?Dont overstate your predicament or people will not believe you.
?、?Some reporters understated the seriousness of the regional financial turmoil.
⑤ The staff of the company felt that their contribution had been undervalued.
?、?Chinese swimmers outdid their opponents.
?、?This type of computer has outlived its usefulness.
⑧ The advantages of the new salary scheme far outweigh its disadvantages.
最后，必須注意的是：不是凡是over 就是過多、太多 ，凡是under就是太少、不足或凡是out就是超過、勝過。反之，有些合成動(dòng)詞根本和這幾個(gè)副詞的意思風(fēng)馬牛不相及。例如：
● overhear（無意中聽到）
● overlook（俯視、疏忽、忽略）
● oversee（監(jiān)督）
● overshadow（使暗然失色）
● overthrow（推翻）
● overturn（使翻覆）
● undergo（經(jīng)歷、遭受）
● underline（在劃線、強(qiáng)調(diào)）
● undermine（破壞）
● underpin（加強(qiáng)、鞏固）
● understand（理解）
● understudy（充當(dāng)替手）
● undertake（擔(dān)任、著手）
● outline（略述）
● outrage（虐待，侵害）
● outspread（伸展）
在英語的合成詞（compound words）中，合成動(dòng)詞（compound verbs）的數(shù)目較少，主要有下面三種類別：
㈠副詞+動(dòng)詞，如 outdo, overcome, undermine, upset, cross-question, withhold, backbite 等。
㈡名詞+動(dòng)詞，如 sunbathe, sidetrack, typewrite, house-hunt, browbeat, hoodwink, waylay 等。
?、缧稳菰~+動(dòng)詞，如 whitewash, safeguard, shortlist, blackmail 等。
這三類合成動(dòng)詞中，以第一種最為豐富，特別是那些由over, under, out引導(dǎo)的，更顯得多彩多姿。
由 over 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞含有太多、過多的意思，如： overact, overburden, overcharge, overdo, overdress, overeat, overestimate, overpower, overpraise, overproduce, overprotect, overrule, oversleep, overspend, overstate, overstay, overwork 等。
由 under 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞含 有太少、不足的意思，如： undercharge, underpay, underrate, understate, undervalue, underwork 等。
由 out 引導(dǎo)的合成動(dòng)詞則含有超過、勝過之意，如： outdo, outgrow, outlive, outnumber, outside, outrank, outshine, outstay, outstrip, outweigh, outwit 等。
現(xiàn)在舉些句子示范：
?、?The food cost $3, but he was overcharged by 50 cents.
?、?Some romantic scenes in our TV shows were overdone.
?、?Dont overstate your predicament or people will not believe you.
?、?Some reporters understated the seriousness of the regional financial turmoil.
⑤ The staff of the company felt that their contribution had been undervalued.
?、?Chinese swimmers outdid their opponents.
?、?This type of computer has outlived its usefulness.
?、?The advantages of the new salary scheme far outweigh its disadvantages.
最后，必須注意的是：不是凡是over 就是過多、太多 ，凡是under就是太少、不足或凡是out就是超過、勝過。反之，有些合成動(dòng)詞根本和這幾個(gè)副詞的意思風(fēng)馬牛不相及。例如：
● overhear（無意中聽到）
● overlook（俯視、疏忽、忽略）
● oversee（監(jiān)督）
● overshadow（使暗然失色）
● overthrow（推翻）
● overturn（使翻覆）
● undergo（經(jīng)歷、遭受）
● underline（在劃線、強(qiáng)調(diào)）
● undermine（破壞）
● underpin（加強(qiáng)、鞏固）
● understand（理解）
● understudy（充當(dāng)替手）
● undertake（擔(dān)任、著手）
● outline（略述）
● outrage（虐待，侵害）
● outspread（伸展）
