高中英語語法-NMET 名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納之一
NMET 名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納之一
在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句一直是高考的重要考點(diǎn)之一。通過對近幾年高考試題的分析,筆者總結(jié)出對名詞性從句的考查主要有以下六個(gè)方面:
考點(diǎn)一:考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 that 與 what 的區(qū)別
考例( 1 ): _______we can't get seems better than _______we have.(NMET1996)
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
(注:劃線的選項(xiàng)為最佳答案)
分析:在名詞性從句中 that 與 What 的區(qū)別是: that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用;而 what 不僅起連接作用,而且也可充當(dāng)句子成分。此題考查了兩個(gè)名詞性從句:主語從句和賓語從句, what 在這兩個(gè)名詞性從句中都作賓語。
考例 (2):It worried her a bit _________her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. if C. that D. for
分析:句首的先行詞 It 作形式主語,真正的主語是后面的從句 that her hair was turning grey。 此句也可以改為: That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. that 在主語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。
考點(diǎn)二:考查名詞性從句中的 it 作形式主語或形式賓語
考例 (1):_______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
分析:在名詞性從句中為了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語和賓語放到后面,尤其是 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語。此句也可以改寫為: That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
考例( 2 ) :I hate _______when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998)
A. it B. that C. this D. them
分析:此題考查用先行詞 it 作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句(也可認(rèn)為是同謂語從句)放到后面。其他代詞均不能作形式主語或形式賓語。
考點(diǎn)三:考查名詞性從句的語序
考例: The photographs will show you _______. (NET1989)
A. what does our village look like B . what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
分析:在名詞性從句中,關(guān)聯(lián)詞要提到句首,句子用陳述句語序。當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞含有疑問的意義時(shí),考生受習(xí)慣影響往往會(huì)錯(cuò)誤地使用疑問句語序??朔@種錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句中的主語和謂語。本題中引導(dǎo)詞 what 作介詞 like 的賓語,而副詞 how 不能作介詞 like 的賓語,所以排除 C 、 D ;而 A 項(xiàng)是疑問句語序,故只能選 B .
考點(diǎn)四:考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 whether 與 if 及 that 的區(qū)別
考例: _______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .(NMET1996)
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
分析: whether 與 if (意為是否)的區(qū)別是:在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)兩者可以互換,但引導(dǎo)介詞后邊的賓語從句或從句后面緊跟 or not 時(shí)只能用 whether, 而不能用 if .在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí),只能用 whether, 而不能用 if ,例如:
1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 這件事是否真實(shí)還是個(gè)問題。
2.What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海 2001 )醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親能否很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。
3.I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 我不知道自己是否該同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
注:以上三句分別為主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。只能用 whether 引導(dǎo),不能用 if .
4.Could you tell us whether/if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告訴我們在澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎?(在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí), whether 和 if 可以互換)
5.Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取決于我們是否有足夠的時(shí)間。(介詞后邊的賓語從句只能用 whether 引導(dǎo))
6.I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他來不來。(從句中有 or not 時(shí),不能用 if )
考點(diǎn)五:從句中的疑問詞 +ever 引導(dǎo)的從句與 no matter+ 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別
考例( 1 ) :________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(NET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
分析: Whoever 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)無論誰,它在主語從句中作主語,相當(dāng)于 anyone who 或 the person who. 如果要選 A 或 B ,必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 who. 如果選 D 就體現(xiàn)不出無論誰的含義了。
考例( 2 ) :Sarah hopes to become a friend of ___shares her interests. (上海 1995 )
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
分析:疑問詞 +ever 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與 no matter+ 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除 A 和 D ,又因?yàn)閺木渲腥鄙俚氖侵髡Z,故排除 B .
考點(diǎn)六:考查名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
考例: It is necessary that a college student _______at least a foreign language ( 上海 1993)
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
分析: It 作形式主語, that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。
具體有以下幾個(gè)方面:
1 .在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should)+do。 常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that 例如:
It is strange that she (should)think so. 真奇怪,她竟然這么想。
It is necessary that he (should)be sent there at once. 應(yīng)該馬上派他去那里。
It is suggested that Mr. Wang give a performance at the party. 有人建議王先生在晚會(huì)上演個(gè)節(jié)目。
2 .謂語動(dòng)詞是表示建議、請求、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持等及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后邊的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。常用的這類動(dòng)詞有 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command 等,謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should)+do .例如:
I insist that she (should)do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己完成工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should)set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。
3 .主語是 suggestion, proposal, request, idea 等表示建議、請求、命令、要求、決定等意義的名詞時(shí),表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should)+do 。例如:
My idea is that another meeting (should)be held to discuss the problem. 我建議再開一次會(huì)來討論這個(gè)問題。
NMET 名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納之一
在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句一直是高考的重要考點(diǎn)之一。通過對近幾年高考試題的分析,筆者總結(jié)出對名詞性從句的考查主要有以下六個(gè)方面:
考點(diǎn)一:考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 that 與 what 的區(qū)別
考例( 1 ): _______we can't get seems better than _______we have.(NMET1996)
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
?。ㄗⅲ簞澗€的選項(xiàng)為最佳答案)
分析:在名詞性從句中 that 與 What 的區(qū)別是: that 在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用;而 what 不僅起連接作用,而且也可充當(dāng)句子成分。此題考查了兩個(gè)名詞性從句:主語從句和賓語從句, what 在這兩個(gè)名詞性從句中都作賓語。
考例 (2):It worried her a bit _________her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. if C. that D. for
分析:句首的先行詞 It 作形式主語,真正的主語是后面的從句 that her hair was turning grey。 此句也可以改為: That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. that 在主語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。
考點(diǎn)二:考查名詞性從句中的 it 作形式主語或形式賓語
考例 (1):_______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
分析:在名詞性從句中為了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語或形式賓語,而把真正的主語和賓語放到后面,尤其是 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句往往用先行詞 it 作形式主語。此句也可以改寫為: That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
考例( 2 ) :I hate _______when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998)
A. it B. that C. this D. them
分析:此題考查用先行詞 it 作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語從句(也可認(rèn)為是同謂語從句)放到后面。其他代詞均不能作形式主語或形式賓語。
考點(diǎn)三:考查名詞性從句的語序
考例: The photographs will show you _______. (NET1989)
A. what does our village look like B . what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
分析:在名詞性從句中,關(guān)聯(lián)詞要提到句首,句子用陳述句語序。當(dāng)關(guān)聯(lián)詞含有疑問的意義時(shí),考生受習(xí)慣影響往往會(huì)錯(cuò)誤地使用疑問句語序。克服這種錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準(zhǔn)從句中的主語和謂語。本題中引導(dǎo)詞 what 作介詞 like 的賓語,而副詞 how 不能作介詞 like 的賓語,所以排除 C 、 D ;而 A 項(xiàng)是疑問句語序,故只能選 B .
考點(diǎn)四:考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞 whether 與 if 及 that 的區(qū)別
考例: _______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .(NMET1996)
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
分析: whether 與 if (意為是否)的區(qū)別是:在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)兩者可以互換,但引導(dǎo)介詞后邊的賓語從句或從句后面緊跟 or not 時(shí)只能用 whether, 而不能用 if .在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí),只能用 whether, 而不能用 if ,例如:
1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 這件事是否真實(shí)還是個(gè)問題。
2.What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海 2001 )醫(yī)生真正懷疑的是我母親能否很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。
3.I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 我不知道自己是否該同意這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
注:以上三句分別為主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。只能用 whether 引導(dǎo),不能用 if .
4.Could you tell us whether/if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告訴我們在澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎?(在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí), whether 和 if 可以互換)
5.Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取決于我們是否有足夠的時(shí)間。(介詞后邊的賓語從句只能用 whether 引導(dǎo))
6.I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他來不來。(從句中有 or not 時(shí),不能用 if )
考點(diǎn)五:從句中的疑問詞 +ever 引導(dǎo)的從句與 no matter+ 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別
考例( 1 ) :________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(NET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
分析: Whoever 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句,強(qiáng)調(diào)無論誰,它在主語從句中作主語,相當(dāng)于 anyone who 或 the person who. 如果要選 A 或 B ,必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞 who. 如果選 D 就體現(xiàn)不出無論誰的含義了。
考例( 2 ) :Sarah hopes to become a friend of ___shares her interests. (上海 1995 )
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
分析:疑問詞 +ever 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與 no matter+ 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是:前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除 A 和 D ,又因?yàn)閺木渲腥鄙俚氖侵髡Z,故排除 B .
考點(diǎn)六:考查名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
考例: It is necessary that a college student _______at least a foreign language ( 上海 1993)
A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master
分析: It 作形式主語, that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。
具體有以下幾個(gè)方面:
1 .在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、懷疑、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should)+do。 常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that 例如:
It is strange that she (should)think so. 真奇怪,她竟然這么想。
It is necessary that he (should)be sent there at once. 應(yīng)該馬上派他去那里。
It is suggested that Mr. Wang give a performance at the party. 有人建議王先生在晚會(huì)上演個(gè)節(jié)目。
2 .謂語動(dòng)詞是表示建議、請求、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持等及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后邊的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。常用的這類動(dòng)詞有 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command 等,謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should)+do .例如:
I insist that she (should)do her work alone. 我堅(jiān)持要她自己完成工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should)set off at once. 司令員命令部隊(duì)馬上出發(fā)。
3 .主語是 suggestion, proposal, request, idea 等表示建議、請求、命令、要求、決定等意義的名詞時(shí),表語從句和同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣 (should)+do 。例如:
My idea is that another meeting (should)be held to discuss the problem. 我建議再開一次會(huì)來討論這個(gè)問題。