英語語法 狀語從句1
19.1 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。例如：
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會想到你。
19.2 方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導。
1)as, (just) asso引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文體。例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。
2)as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。
19.3 原因狀語從句
比較because, since, as和for：
1)because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。例如：
I didnt go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如：
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因為他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。
19.4 目的狀語從句
表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導。例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點聲，別人就能聽見了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他寫下了這個名字以免以后忘記。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點衣服，以防天發(fā)冷。
19.5 結(jié)果狀語從句
結(jié)果狀語從句常由sothat 或 suchthat引導。sothat與suchthat之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：
The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 這男孩年齡太小，不能上學。
He is such a young boy that he cant go to school
19.6 條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。
unless = if not. 例如：
Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?/p>
If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.
19.7 讓步狀語從句
1)though, although引導的讓步狀語從句，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。例如：
Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。(諺語)
2) as, though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。例如：
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
雖然是個小孩，該做什么不做什么，他全知道。
3) ever if, even though 即使。例如：
Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要去遠足。
4) whetheror 不管都。例如：
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，這確實是真的。
19.1 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。例如：
Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會想到你。
19.2 方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導。
1)as, (just) asso引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文體。例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。
2)as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語。例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。
19.3 原因狀語從句
比較because, since, as和for：
1)because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。例如：
I didnt go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因為我怕。
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。
2)由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如：
He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席，因為他病了。
He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。
19.4 目的狀語從句
表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導。例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點聲，別人就能聽見了。
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. 他寫下了這個名字以免以后忘記。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點衣服，以防天發(fā)冷。
19.5 結(jié)果狀語從句
結(jié)果狀語從句常由sothat 或 suchthat引導。sothat與suchthat之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：
The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 這男孩年齡太小，不能上學。
He is such a young boy that he cant go to school
19.6 條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。
unless = if not. 例如：
Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?/p>
If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.
典型例題
You will be late ___ you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late.
19.7 讓步狀語從句
1)though, although引導的讓步狀語從句，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。例如：
Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/p>
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。(諺語)
2) as, though 引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前)。例如：
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
雖然是個小孩，該做什么不做什么，他全知道。
3) ever if, even though 即使。例如：
Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要去遠足。
4) whetheror 不管都。例如：
Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，這確實是真的。
