牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 21各種表示比較的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
A形容詞的原級(jí)可與asas連用表示和同樣,與not as/soas連用表不不如那樣:
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
一個(gè)16歲的男孩常常長(zhǎng)得和他父親一樣高。
He was as white as a sheet.
他面色蒼白如紙。
Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
殺人罪沒(méi)有謀殺罪那么重。
Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.
你煮的咖啡不如我母親煮的好。
B形容詞比較級(jí)可與than連用:
The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
新建的塔樓群比舊樓房要高得多。
He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
他犯的錯(cuò)比你少。
He is stronger than I expected.
他長(zhǎng)得要比我想像的結(jié)實(shí)。相當(dāng)于:
I didnt expect him to be so strong.
我沒(méi)想到他長(zhǎng)得這么壯。
It was more expensive than I thought.
這比我預(yù)料的昂貴多了。相當(dāng)于:
I didnt think it would be so expensive.
我沒(méi)想到它會(huì)有這么貴。
如省略than時(shí),英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中常用最高級(jí)代替比較級(jí):
This is the best way.
這是最好的辦法。
在只有兩種選擇時(shí)也可用這種表示方法。
C三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),以最高級(jí)與thein/of結(jié)構(gòu)連用的方式來(lái)表達(dá):
This is the oldest theatre in London.
這是倫敦最古老的劇院。
The youngest of the family was the most successful.
全家年齡最小的是最有成就的。
關(guān)系從句中經(jīng)常使用完成時(shí)態(tài):
It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.
這是我所喝過(guò)的最好的啤酒。
It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
這是他所看過(guò)的電影中最差的一部。
He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.
他是我遇到過(guò)的最仁厚的人。
It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.
這是他度過(guò)的最煩惱的日子。
注意:這里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never與比較級(jí)連用來(lái)表示同一概念:
I have never drunk better beer.
我從來(lái)沒(méi)喝過(guò)這么好的啤酒。
I have never met a kinder man.
我從來(lái)沒(méi)遇見(jiàn)過(guò)這么仁厚的人。
He had never spent a more worrying day.
他從來(lái)沒(méi)有度過(guò)這樣煩惱的日子。
注意:most+形容詞(most前不加the)意為非常:
You are most kind.相當(dāng)于:
You are very kind.
你很好心。
意為非常的most主要和雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)形容詞連用,如:annoying(令人煩惱的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服從的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(興奮的),helpful(有幫助的),important(重要的),misleading(誤導(dǎo)的)等。
D要表達(dá)兩個(gè)事物彼此相應(yīng)增長(zhǎng)時(shí)可用the+比較級(jí)the+ 比較級(jí)這種結(jié)構(gòu):
House Agent:Do you want a big house?
房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人:你想買(mǎi)一棟大房子嗎?
Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.
安:是的,越大越好。
Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.
湯姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖費(fèi)就越少。
E一個(gè)事物的逐漸增長(zhǎng)或減少用兩個(gè)由and連接的比較級(jí)表示:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
天氣越來(lái)越冷了。
He became less and less interested.
他越來(lái)越不感興趣。
F用動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式對(duì)行為進(jìn)行比較:
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
騎馬不像騎摩托那么容易。
It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
偕伴同去比自己獨(dú)自去好玩。
G原級(jí)與like(相似,介詞)和alike連用的結(jié)構(gòu):
Tom is very like Bill.
湯姆長(zhǎng)得很像比爾。
Bill and Tom are very alike.
貝爾和湯姆長(zhǎng)得很像。
He keeps the central heating full on.Its like living in the tropics.
他把暖氣開(kāi)到最大。就好像住在熱帶一樣。
H原級(jí)與like和as連用(下面列舉幾個(gè)副詞和形容詞的句子)從理論上講like(介詞)只能與名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞連用:
He swims like a fish.
他游起泳來(lái)像條魚(yú)。
You look like a ghost.
你都不像人樣了。
Be like Peter/him:go jogging.
像彼得/他那樣:去慢跑吧。
The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
窗子都用鐵棒封住了。就像住在監(jiān)獄里一樣。
as(連詞)與動(dòng)詞連用的結(jié)構(gòu):
Do as Peter does:go jogging.
像彼得那樣:去慢跑吧。
Why dont you cycle to work as we do?
你干嘛不像我們這樣騎車(chē)上班?
但在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中,這些地方常用like代替as:
Cycle to work like we do.
像我們一樣騎車(chē)上班。
I like+名詞和as+名詞結(jié)構(gòu):
He worked like a slave.
他像奴隸一樣地干活。(非常勞累)
He worked as a slave.
他作為奴隸干活。(他是奴隸。)
She used her umberlla as a weapon.
她拿傘當(dāng)武器。(她用傘打他。)
A形容詞的原級(jí)可與asas連用表示和同樣,與not as/soas連用表不不如那樣:
A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.
一個(gè)16歲的男孩常常長(zhǎng)得和他父親一樣高。
He was as white as a sheet.
他面色蒼白如紙。
Manslaughter is not as/so bad as murder.
殺人罪沒(méi)有謀殺罪那么重。
Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes.
你煮的咖啡不如我母親煮的好。
B形容詞比較級(jí)可與than連用:
The new tower blocks are much higher than the old buildings.
新建的塔樓群比舊樓房要高得多。
He makes fewer mistakes than you(do).
他犯的錯(cuò)比你少。
He is stronger than I expected.
他長(zhǎng)得要比我想像的結(jié)實(shí)。相當(dāng)于:
I didnt expect him to be so strong.
我沒(méi)想到他長(zhǎng)得這么壯。
It was more expensive than I thought.
這比我預(yù)料的昂貴多了。相當(dāng)于:
I didnt think it would be so expensive.
我沒(méi)想到它會(huì)有這么貴。
如省略than時(shí),英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中常用最高級(jí)代替比較級(jí):
This is the best way.
這是最好的辦法。
在只有兩種選擇時(shí)也可用這種表示方法。
C三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),以最高級(jí)與thein/of結(jié)構(gòu)連用的方式來(lái)表達(dá):
This is the oldest theatre in London.
這是倫敦最古老的劇院。
The youngest of the family was the most successful.
全家年齡最小的是最有成就的。
關(guān)系從句中經(jīng)常使用完成時(shí)態(tài):
It/This is the best beer(that) I have ever drunk.
這是我所喝過(guò)的最好的啤酒。
It/This was the worst film(that) he had ever seen.
這是他所看過(guò)的電影中最差的一部。
He is the kindest man(that) I have ever met.
他是我遇到過(guò)的最仁厚的人。
It was the most worrying day(that) he had ever spent.
這是他度過(guò)的最煩惱的日子。
注意:這里用的是ever而不是never;然而可以把never與比較級(jí)連用來(lái)表示同一概念:
I have never drunk better beer.
我從來(lái)沒(méi)喝過(guò)這么好的啤酒。
I have never met a kinder man.
我從來(lái)沒(méi)遇見(jiàn)過(guò)這么仁厚的人。
He had never spent a more worrying day.
他從來(lái)沒(méi)有度過(guò)這樣煩惱的日子。
注意:most+形容詞(most前不加the)意為非常:
You are most kind.相當(dāng)于:
You are very kind.
你很好心。
意為非常的most主要和雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)形容詞連用,如:annoying(令人煩惱的),apologetic(歉意的),disobedient(不服從的),encouraging(令人鼓舞的),exciting(興奮的),helpful(有幫助的),important(重要的),misleading(誤導(dǎo)的)等。
D要表達(dá)兩個(gè)事物彼此相應(yīng)增長(zhǎng)時(shí)可用the+比較級(jí)the+ 比較級(jí)這種結(jié)構(gòu):
House Agent:Do you want a big house?
房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人:你想買(mǎi)一棟大房子嗎?
Ann:Yes,the bigger the better.
安:是的,越大越好。
Tom:But the smaller it is,the less it will cost us to heat.
湯姆:可是,房子越小,花的取暖費(fèi)就越少。
E一個(gè)事物的逐漸增長(zhǎng)或減少用兩個(gè)由and連接的比較級(jí)表示:
The weather is getting colder and colder.
天氣越來(lái)越冷了。
He became less and less interested.
他越來(lái)越不感興趣。
F用動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式對(duì)行為進(jìn)行比較:
Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a motor cycle.
騎馬不像騎摩托那么容易。
It is nicer/more fun to go with someone than to go alone.
偕伴同去比自己獨(dú)自去好玩。
G原級(jí)與like(相似,介詞)和alike連用的結(jié)構(gòu):
Tom is very like Bill.
湯姆長(zhǎng)得很像比爾。
Bill and Tom are very alike.
貝爾和湯姆長(zhǎng)得很像。
He keeps the central heating full on.Its like living in the tropics.
他把暖氣開(kāi)到最大。就好像住在熱帶一樣。
H原級(jí)與like和as連用(下面列舉幾個(gè)副詞和形容詞的句子)從理論上講like(介詞)只能與名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞連用:
He swims like a fish.
他游起泳來(lái)像條魚(yú)。
You look like a ghost.
你都不像人樣了。
Be like Peter/him:go jogging.
像彼得/他那樣:去慢跑吧。
The windows were all barred.It was like being in prison.
窗子都用鐵棒封住了。就像住在監(jiān)獄里一樣。
as(連詞)與動(dòng)詞連用的結(jié)構(gòu):
Do as Peter does:go jogging.
像彼得那樣:去慢跑吧。
Why dont you cycle to work as we do?
你干嘛不像我們這樣騎車(chē)上班?
但在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中,這些地方常用like代替as:
Cycle to work like we do.
像我們一樣騎車(chē)上班。
I like+名詞和as+名詞結(jié)構(gòu):
He worked like a slave.
他像奴隸一樣地干活。(非常勞累)
He worked as a slave.
他作為奴隸干活。(他是奴隸。)
She used her umberlla as a weapon.
她拿傘當(dāng)武器。(她用傘打他。)