2010年北京中考英語方法指導(dǎo)
2010年北京中考英語方法指導(dǎo)
4)方法指導(dǎo):
以下是中考英語主要語法知識(shí)必備一覽表供參考,它的知識(shí)體系是做好單項(xiàng)填空題的重要基石,望同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)過程中能夠據(jù)此表自我查漏補(bǔ)缺,自主提高,最終建立起腦內(nèi)知識(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一)。
中考英語主要語法知識(shí)必備一覽表
課量分配
主要內(nèi)容
第一節(jié)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
第二節(jié)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
第三節(jié)
過去完成時(shí)
第四節(jié)
賓語從句
第五節(jié)
直接引語和間接引語
第六節(jié)
時(shí)間狀語從句
第七節(jié)
條件狀語從句
第八節(jié)
原因狀語從句
第九節(jié)
讓步狀語從句
第十節(jié)
目的狀語從句
第十一節(jié)
結(jié)果狀語從句
第十二節(jié)
比較狀語從句
第十三節(jié)
主語從句
第十四節(jié)
表語從句
第十五節(jié)
定語從句
第十六節(jié)
反意疑問句
第十七節(jié)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
第十八節(jié)
虛擬語氣
第十九節(jié)
倒裝句
第二十節(jié)
非謂語動(dòng)詞
第二十一節(jié)
助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
第二十二節(jié)
動(dòng)詞短語和同義詞辨析
第二十三節(jié)
主謂一致
第二十四節(jié)
名詞
第二十五節(jié)
代詞
第二十六節(jié)
數(shù)詞
第二十七節(jié)
冠詞
第二十八節(jié)
介詞
第二十九節(jié)
形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)
第三十節(jié)
連詞
2.完形填空
1)共12小題,每題1分。完形填空屬于較難題,09年的難度比08年稍大,通過下表我們可以清楚地看到考點(diǎn)的分布:
詞性分類
題號(hào)
1. 代詞
35,37
2. 名詞
36,45,46
3. 形容詞
38,39
4. 動(dòng)詞
40,41,42,43
5. 連詞
44
2)動(dòng)詞依然成為考查的重點(diǎn),而且四題連考動(dòng)詞,難度加大。40、41、42題考查單詞間細(xì)微的差別,是很多考生平日里所欠缺的,在短期內(nèi)不易提高,需要平時(shí)的積累和反饋。43題not/never fail to do 注定,一定能夠考查雙重否定,類似的句子我們?cè)凇缎赂拍?》16課里見過:If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
3)今年完形難度最大的題出自名詞(45題), make the difference 起作用,有影響。
4)原文及答案參考:
完形填空 (共12分,每小題1分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選擇四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。
My father died when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville, Kentucky, where __35__ had grown up. We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother. This was a time when being a single __36___ was still considered unusual.
When I was small, there was a childrens book called The Happy Family, and it was a real piece of work. Dad worked all day log at the office, Mom cooked in the kitchen, and brother and sister always had friends sleeping over. The image of the family in this book was typical (典型的) of the time. It looked __37___ like my family, but luckily that wasnt the way I heard it. The way my Aunt Marion read it to me made the story really __38__.
Kind-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me, who took me horseback riding, who took me to the father-son dinners and who gave me lessons on how to drive. Believing that anything __39__ was probably good for, she __40__ to get a loan (貸款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer, which was my most important experience.
As a young girl, Aunt Marion always planned to have a large number of children of her own, but she never got married. This __41__ that she was free to spend all her time taking care of me. Many people say we have a lot in common. She always __42__ me to do my best. She never __43__ to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I wanted, if I only tried hard enough.
For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didnt and still dont think of herself.
_44__ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesnt think that her efforts have made much __45___. I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my __46___ couldnt. so every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, Ive sent her a Fathers Day card.
35. A. I B. she C.he D. we
36. A. man B. family C. parent D. child
37. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
38. A. surprising B. boring C. sad D. funny
39. A. interesting B. pleasant C. impossible D. unusual
40. A. decided B. afforded C. offered D. prepared
41. A. said B. meant C. proved D. showed
42. A. allowed B. afforded C. offered D. forced
43. A. hoped B. agreed C. stopped D. failed
44. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before
45. A. difference B. progress C. trouble D. sense
46. A. Teachers B. mother C. father D. friends
答案:35~40BCADDC 41~46BBDAAC
3.完成句子
今年的完成句子和去年相比和去年的中考題相比,難度基本持平,屬于送分題。詳解如下:
65. 重點(diǎn)句式:怎么樣(提出建議):What / How about?
66. 重點(diǎn)句式:It is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.
67. 重點(diǎn)短語:一就 as soon as
68. 重點(diǎn)短語:不但而且 not only but also
69. 重點(diǎn)短語:阻止某人做某事 prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. 該短語在海淀09一??荚囍性霈F(xiàn)過:我想我們應(yīng)該阻止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合吸煙 I think we should stop people from smoking in public places.
方法指導(dǎo):
1.平時(shí)注意中考??季湫偷姆e累,中考考查范圍內(nèi)的基本句型大約有50個(gè),對(duì)這些句型的用法要做到非常熟練。
2.做這類題型特別要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用。
四、閱讀理解
1. 閱讀短文選擇最佳選項(xiàng)
題量由08年的11道題增加至12道題,分值由22分增加為24分。閱讀理解的難度比08年大, A、B兩篇基本持平,屬于送分,C篇的難度加大:1、篇幅比08年長(zhǎng),506 words,而08年的C篇只有400 words;2、題材是同學(xué)們不太熟悉的心理學(xué),而去年的題材是關(guān)于社會(huì)學(xué)理論的,相對(duì)較易。
2. 閱讀短文選詞填空
共7小題,每題1分。該題型難度與去年持平,屬于送分題。
3. 閱讀短文回答問題
共5小題,每題2分。難度與08年持平。對(duì)于閱讀與表達(dá),我們需要做到保四爭(zhēng)一:保證前四題全對(duì),最后一題做對(duì)一半就行了。因?yàn)樽詈笠活}沒有真正意義上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案,考官是酌情給分的。
4.方法指導(dǎo):
能夠讀懂原文是做好閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵,首先需要具備扎實(shí)的語法基本功:時(shí)態(tài)和從句。中考英語要求掌握8種基本時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí);學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)要注意不同時(shí)態(tài)間的比較、區(qū)分,真正做到透過現(xiàn)象把握本質(zhì)(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一);從句包括:賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句、主語從句、表語從句。學(xué)習(xí)從句的關(guān)鍵是要抓住連接詞,從句的樞紐為連接詞,連接詞來引導(dǎo)從句。中考閱讀理解基本上離不開這8種時(shí)態(tài)和5種從句,時(shí)態(tài)和從句屬規(guī)律性的知識(shí),我們要學(xué)會(huì)利用規(guī)律解決問題(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一),在閱讀時(shí)一定要做到對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和從句能夠迅速辨認(rèn)和理解。希望同學(xué)們今后在閱讀時(shí)要有意識(shí)訓(xùn)練這種能力。其次,需要不斷提升詞匯量,注意初中常用詞組和短語,尤其是動(dòng)詞短語的積累。凡事預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢。只要你把這些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)都準(zhǔn)備好了,就能在今后的閱讀理解題目上做到泰然處之?! ?/p>
五、書面表達(dá)
今年寫作題考的是家務(wù)勞動(dòng),屬于傳統(tǒng)話題,目的是保證讓大家有話可說。所以寫作的重點(diǎn)不在于觀點(diǎn)的新穎,而在于語言的優(yōu)美。08年的寫作則緊扣時(shí)事,寫作的難度稍大?!?/p>
六、展望2010年中考
通過對(duì)2009年中考試卷的分析,我們覺得2010年北京中考英語的難度將會(huì)穩(wěn)中有增。對(duì)知識(shí)的考查會(huì)更加靈活,注重知識(shí)與語境的結(jié)合,整個(gè)試卷不是孤立地考查某些知識(shí)點(diǎn),而是通過一定的語境來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)立足于課本,源于課本,但又不拘泥于課本,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用,貼近生活,選材豐富多樣,此種命題趨勢(shì)在2010年的中考英語中會(huì)得到近一步的加強(qiáng)。同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要做到知其然,知其所以然,真正、全面掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)的用法。
總之,我們認(rèn)為2010年中考英語試題,將近一步體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)的理念,注重對(duì)學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行聽,說,讀,寫能力的全面考查,只要我們把握好了中考命題方向,掌握好做題的技巧,對(duì)學(xué)生訓(xùn)練有度,我們就會(huì)取得2010年的中考勝利。
2010年北京中考英語方法指導(dǎo)
4)方法指導(dǎo):
以下是中考英語主要語法知識(shí)必備一覽表供參考,它的知識(shí)體系是做好單項(xiàng)填空題的重要基石,望同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)過程中能夠據(jù)此表自我查漏補(bǔ)缺,自主提高,最終建立起腦內(nèi)知識(shí)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一)。
中考英語主要語法知識(shí)必備一覽表
課量分配
主要內(nèi)容
第一節(jié)
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
第二節(jié)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
第三節(jié)
過去完成時(shí)
第四節(jié)
賓語從句
第五節(jié)
直接引語和間接引語
第六節(jié)
時(shí)間狀語從句
第七節(jié)
條件狀語從句
第八節(jié)
原因狀語從句
第九節(jié)
讓步狀語從句
第十節(jié)
目的狀語從句
第十一節(jié)
結(jié)果狀語從句
第十二節(jié)
比較狀語從句
第十三節(jié)
主語從句
第十四節(jié)
表語從句
第十五節(jié)
定語從句
第十六節(jié)
反意疑問句
第十七節(jié)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
第十八節(jié)
虛擬語氣
第十九節(jié)
倒裝句
第二十節(jié)
非謂語動(dòng)詞
第二十一節(jié)
助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
第二十二節(jié)
動(dòng)詞短語和同義詞辨析
第二十三節(jié)
主謂一致
第二十四節(jié)
名詞
第二十五節(jié)
代詞
第二十六節(jié)
數(shù)詞
第二十七節(jié)
冠詞
第二十八節(jié)
介詞
第二十九節(jié)
形容詞、副詞及其比較級(jí)
第三十節(jié)
連詞
2.完形填空
1)共12小題,每題1分。完形填空屬于較難題,09年的難度比08年稍大,通過下表我們可以清楚地看到考點(diǎn)的分布:
詞性分類
題號(hào)
1. 代詞
35,37
2. 名詞
36,45,46
3. 形容詞
38,39
4. 動(dòng)詞
40,41,42,43
5. 連詞
44
2)動(dòng)詞依然成為考查的重點(diǎn),而且四題連考動(dòng)詞,難度加大。40、41、42題考查單詞間細(xì)微的差別,是很多考生平日里所欠缺的,在短期內(nèi)不易提高,需要平時(shí)的積累和反饋。43題not/never fail to do 注定,一定能夠考查雙重否定,類似的句子我們?cè)凇缎赂拍?》16課里見過:If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
3)今年完形難度最大的題出自名詞(45題), make the difference 起作用,有影響。
4)原文及答案參考:
完形填空 (共12分,每小題1分)
閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中, 選擇四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。
My father died when I was a few months old. After his death, my mother moved back to Louisville, Kentucky, where __35__ had grown up. We lived in a small house with her older sister, Marion, and their mother. This was a time when being a single __36___ was still considered unusual.
When I was small, there was a childrens book called The Happy Family, and it was a real piece of work. Dad worked all day log at the office, Mom cooked in the kitchen, and brother and sister always had friends sleeping over. The image of the family in this book was typical (典型的) of the time. It looked __37___ like my family, but luckily that wasnt the way I heard it. The way my Aunt Marion read it to me made the story really __38__.
Kind-hearted and open-minded, my aunt was the one who played baseball with me, who took me horseback riding, who took me to the father-son dinners and who gave me lessons on how to drive. Believing that anything __39__ was probably good for, she __40__ to get a loan (貸款) so that I could go to Africa to work as a volunteer, which was my most important experience.
As a young girl, Aunt Marion always planned to have a large number of children of her own, but she never got married. This __41__ that she was free to spend all her time taking care of me. Many people say we have a lot in common. She always __42__ me to do my best. She never __43__ to make me believe that I could do anything with my life that I wanted, if I only tried hard enough.
For more than sixty years, Aunt Marion didnt and still dont think of herself.
_44__ she is forced to come up to the front, my aunt will stand in the back in family photos, and she doesnt think that her efforts have made much __45___. I honor my aunt, who taught me the things my __46___ couldnt. so every June for the past 40 years, in growing thankfulness to my Aunt Marion, Ive sent her a Fathers Day card.
35. A. I B. she C.he D. we
36. A. man B. family C. parent D. child
37. A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
38. A. surprising B. boring C. sad D. funny
39. A. interesting B. pleasant C. impossible D. unusual
40. A. decided B. afforded C. offered D. prepared
41. A. said B. meant C. proved D. showed
42. A. allowed B. afforded C. offered D. forced
43. A. hoped B. agreed C. stopped D. failed
44. A. Unless B. Although C. Since D. Before
45. A. difference B. progress C. trouble D. sense
46. A. Teachers B. mother C. father D. friends
答案:35~40BCADDC 41~46BBDAAC
3.完成句子
今年的完成句子和去年相比和去年的中考題相比,難度基本持平,屬于送分題。詳解如下:
65. 重點(diǎn)句式:怎么樣(提出建議):What / How about?
66. 重點(diǎn)句式:It is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.
67. 重點(diǎn)短語:一就 as soon as
68. 重點(diǎn)短語:不但而且 not only but also
69. 重點(diǎn)短語:阻止某人做某事 prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. 該短語在海淀09一模考試中曾出現(xiàn)過:我想我們應(yīng)該阻止人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合吸煙 I think we should stop people from smoking in public places.
方法指導(dǎo):
1.平時(shí)注意中考??季湫偷姆e累,中考考查范圍內(nèi)的基本句型大約有50個(gè),對(duì)這些句型的用法要做到非常熟練。
2.做這類題型特別要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用。
四、閱讀理解
1. 閱讀短文選擇最佳選項(xiàng)
題量由08年的11道題增加至12道題,分值由22分增加為24分。閱讀理解的難度比08年大, A、B兩篇基本持平,屬于送分,C篇的難度加大:1、篇幅比08年長(zhǎng),506 words,而08年的C篇只有400 words;2、題材是同學(xué)們不太熟悉的心理學(xué),而去年的題材是關(guān)于社會(huì)學(xué)理論的,相對(duì)較易。
2. 閱讀短文選詞填空
共7小題,每題1分。該題型難度與去年持平,屬于送分題。
3. 閱讀短文回答問題
共5小題,每題2分。難度與08年持平。對(duì)于閱讀與表達(dá),我們需要做到保四爭(zhēng)一:保證前四題全對(duì),最后一題做對(duì)一半就行了。因?yàn)樽詈笠活}沒有真正意義上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案,考官是酌情給分的。
4.方法指導(dǎo):
能夠讀懂原文是做好閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵,首先需要具備扎實(shí)的語法基本功:時(shí)態(tài)和從句。中考英語要求掌握8種基本時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí);學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)要注意不同時(shí)態(tài)間的比較、區(qū)分,真正做到透過現(xiàn)象把握本質(zhì)(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一);從句包括:賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句、主語從句、表語從句。學(xué)習(xí)從句的關(guān)鍵是要抓住連接詞,從句的樞紐為連接詞,連接詞來引導(dǎo)從句。中考閱讀理解基本上離不開這8種時(shí)態(tài)和5種從句,時(shí)態(tài)和從句屬規(guī)律性的知識(shí),我們要學(xué)會(huì)利用規(guī)律解決問題(四維網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)法的理論精髓之一),在閱讀時(shí)一定要做到對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)和從句能夠迅速辨認(rèn)和理解。希望同學(xué)們今后在閱讀時(shí)要有意識(shí)訓(xùn)練這種能力。其次,需要不斷提升詞匯量,注意初中常用詞組和短語,尤其是動(dòng)詞短語的積累。凡事預(yù)則立,不預(yù)則廢。只要你把這些基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)都準(zhǔn)備好了,就能在今后的閱讀理解題目上做到泰然處之?! ?/p>
五、書面表達(dá)
今年寫作題考的是家務(wù)勞動(dòng),屬于傳統(tǒng)話題,目的是保證讓大家有話可說。所以寫作的重點(diǎn)不在于觀點(diǎn)的新穎,而在于語言的優(yōu)美。08年的寫作則緊扣時(shí)事,寫作的難度稍大?!?/p>
六、展望2010年中考
通過對(duì)2009年中考試卷的分析,我們覺得2010年北京中考英語的難度將會(huì)穩(wěn)中有增。對(duì)知識(shí)的考查會(huì)更加靈活,注重知識(shí)與語境的結(jié)合,整個(gè)試卷不是孤立地考查某些知識(shí)點(diǎn),而是通過一定的語境來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)立足于課本,源于課本,但又不拘泥于課本,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用,貼近生活,選材豐富多樣,此種命題趨勢(shì)在2010年的中考英語中會(huì)得到近一步的加強(qiáng)。同學(xué)們?cè)谄綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中要做到知其然,知其所以然,真正、全面掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)的用法。
總之,我們認(rèn)為2010年中考英語試題,將近一步體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)的理念,注重對(duì)學(xué)生用英語進(jìn)行聽,說,讀,寫能力的全面考查,只要我們把握好了中考命題方向,掌握好做題的技巧,對(duì)學(xué)生訓(xùn)練有度,我們就會(huì)取得2010年的中考勝利。