雅思寫作中形式主語it駕馭能力提高

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雅思寫作中形式主語it駕馭能力提高

  在看學(xué)生的雅思寫作文章過程中,總會看到這樣的文字,college;graduates;are;difficult;to;find;jobs,parents;realise;the;needs;of;their;children;is;extremely;important,students;cannot;focus;on;their;study;because;of;tiredness;is;a;fact,Clearly,;rush;hours;emerges;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;early;evening;which;is;most;busy;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.這幾個句子,雖然長短不一,結(jié)構(gòu)不同,話題各異,但是,學(xué)生對形式主語it的駕馭能力的欠缺,是可見一斑的。

  二、形式主語;

  (一)什么是形式主語

  作為形式主語的it并無實際語義,是為滿足語法上的需要,避免句子頭重腳輕,它代替的是句子的邏輯主語。

  (二)形式主語it所在的句型類別

  1、作不定式的形式主語

  (1)句型

  It;is;+;a;pity/a;pleasure;+;to;do;sth.

  It;is;+;wrong/right/wise/cruel/naughty/selfish;+;of;sb.;+;to;do;sth.

  It;is;+;necessary/hard/important/difficult/possible/common;+;for;sb.;+;to;do;sth.

  (2)雅思范文寫作實例

  A.;Beyond;this,;it;is;also;of;paramount;importance;to;use;theaters;and;museums;as;the;social;classroomculture;and;history;education.

  B.;I;think;it;is;by;no;means;pointless,;in;any;way,;to;try;to;keep;traditions;alive;with;technology.;

  C.;It;is;difficult;to;say;who;has;the;right;to;judge;whether;children;working;is;wrongvaluable

  D.;,;it;is;important;to;remember;that;children;need;to;develop;skills;other;than;intellectual;ones,;and;

  E.;Finally,;I;think;that;it;is;also;important;to;remember;that;children;need;to;relax;as;well;as;work,;

  F.;Because;people;interpret;happiness;for;themselves;in;so;many;different;ways,;it;is;difficult;to;give;ang;definition;that;is;true;for;everyone.;

  G.;It;is;quite;common;these;days;for;young;people;in;many;countries;to;have;a;break;for;studying;after;graduation;from;high;school.;

  H.;They;may;think;that;it;is;better;to;continue;in;a;particular;job,;or;to;do;sth;completely;different;from;from;a;university;course.;

  據(jù)本人統(tǒng)計,劍橋官方的雅思真題(劍3劍8)幾乎每一篇Task2考官范文中,都有所使用,甚至在有的文章中出現(xiàn)三次之多。

  (3)學(xué)生寫作實例

  實例1:Many;people,;if;not;most,;are;strong;believer;in;the;claim;that;regard;children;go;to;work;as;completely;wrong,while;others;hold;the;opposite;opinion.

  修改建議:it;is;completely;wrong;for;children;to;go;to;work.

  實例2:They;have;to;complete;their;homework;conscientiously;within;limited;time;and;difficult;to;discover;the;problems;in;studies.

  修改建議:thus;it;is;difficult;to;discover;their;problems;in;study.

  實例3:College;graduates;are;difficult;to;find;jobs.

  修改建議:It;is;difficult;for;college;graduates;to;find;jobs.

  實例4:Parents;realise;the;needs;of;their;children;is;extremely;important.

  修改建議:It;is;extremely;important;for;parents;to;realise;the;needs;of;their;children.

  It;is;extremely;important;that;parents;realise;the;needs;of;their;children.

  2、作動名詞的形式主語

  (1)句型

  It;is;+;;use/good/useless/a;waste;of;time/energy/efforts;+;doing;sth.

  It;is;+;good/useless/hard/foolish/enjoyable/worthwhile;+;doing;sth.

  (2)雅思范文寫作實例

  A.;For;instance,;children;usually;pay;attention;to;match;their;clothing;and;toys;;in;fact,;it;is;really;worth;competing;thing;that;their;study;is;being;ignored.

  B.;Some;parents;believe;that;it;is;no;use;having;second;education;for;their;kids.

  (3)學(xué)生作文實例

  實例:Particular;countries;and;individuals;deals;with;environmental;issues;are;no;use.

  修改建議:It;is;no;use;dealing;with;environmental;issues;by;particular;countries;and;indivuduals.

  3、作主語從句的形式主語

  (1)句型

  It;is;+;;n./;adj./v-ed;+;that

  It;+;seems/happens/appears/matters//strikes/occurs;+;that

  It;is;+;said/reported/believed/;accepted/announced/estimated/acknowledged;+;that

  It;+;must;be;admitted/stressed;out;+;that/It;+;cannot;be;denied;+;that.../It;+;can;be;foreseen;+;that

  It;+;goes;without;saying;+;that

  (2)雅思范文實例

  A.;It;is;an;understandable;fact;that;many;employers;may;prefer;to;use;the;services;of;children;simply;to;save;money;by;paying;them;less;than;adults;and;it;is;this;type;of;exploitation;tht;should;be;discouraged.;

  B.;Admittedly,;it;is;common;sense;that;a;person;without;cooperative;spirit;will;be;difficult;to;survive;in;the;modern;society.

  C.;Unfortunately,;it;is;not;always;the;case;that;new;things;are;promoted;because;they;have;good;impacts;for;the;majority;of;people.;

  D.;It;is;clear;from;the;data;given;that;there;are;some;significant;differences;in;spending;habits;in;Europe.;

  E.;It;goes;without;saying;that;it;pays;to;keep;early;hours.

  F.;Take;holding;an;Olympic;games;as;an;example,;it;is;no;doubt;it;will;take;millions;of;money;to;build;stadiums.

  G.;A;more;dramatic;rise;is;predicted;between;2030;and;2040;in;Japan,;by;which;time;it;is;thought;that;the;proportion;of;elderly;people;will;be;similar;in;the;three;countries.;

  H.;It;seems;that;the;experiences;we;have;in;life;are;so;unpredictable;and;so;powerful,;that;they;can;boost;or;overide;other;influences,;

  (3)學(xué)生寫作實例

  實例1:It;is;quite;obvious/evident/apparent;that;the;quantity;of;families;who;tends;to;go;outside;and;infuse;fresh;oxygen;into;their;lungs;is;growing;steadily.

  實例2:It;is;universally;acknowledged;that;the;best;way;to;arouse;peoplelove;to;our;nature,;who;has;devoted;herself;too;much;to;human;beingdevelopment;while;has;received;barely;anything;till;now,;is;to;let;them;see;the;beauty;of;hers;by;themselves.

  這是XVCC23強化班里一位基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生的寫作實例,其中的語法、措辭方面的錯誤已經(jīng)進行了修改。

  實例3:Clearly,;rush;hours;emerges;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;;early;evening;which;is;most;busy/the;busiest;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.

  修改建議:這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是無可厚非的(語法就不說啦),但是,按照雅思評分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),句式稍微做一下調(diào)整,會更漂亮:如:It;is;clear;that;rush;hours;emerge;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;in;the;early;evening;which;is;most;busy/the;busiest;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.或者改成It;is;demonstrated;that;rush;hours;emerge;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;in;the;early;evening;which;is;most;busy/the;busiest;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.這樣一個小小的調(diào)整,其句子修改前后的效果是顯而易見的。

  (三)it作形式主語的特征分析

  根據(jù)以上對it作形式主語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的解析,對雅思寫作范文、尤其是官方考官范文的分析,以及對學(xué)生寫作過程中出現(xiàn)的it使用狀況的詳細解讀可知:相比較于名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句的復(fù)雜性和多邊性,it作為形式主語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)可謂簡明扼要,學(xué)生掌握起來應(yīng)該說是得心應(yīng)手的。

  (四)不能正確使用it形式主語的原因

  在信息編排時,英語句子遵循focus的原則,即舊信息在前,新信息在后information+new;information但是,當(dāng)句子主語結(jié)構(gòu)較長,容易使句子產(chǎn)生weight的感覺時,句子結(jié)構(gòu)則遵循weight的原則,即,把較長的主語全部置于句子尾部。前面空掉的主語位置用it來代替,擔(dān)當(dāng)形式主語的功能。

  而漢語并不具有這類明顯的特征,學(xué)生對英漢兩種語言結(jié)構(gòu)差異知之甚少,或者略有所知,在真正的運用中,也未必能夠正確的體現(xiàn)出來。多數(shù)學(xué)生都本著漢語式的思維,一遇到某人做某事是怎么樣的/是什么就習(xí)慣性地寫成t

  三、總結(jié);

  建議學(xué)生在雅思學(xué)習(xí)中,采取步步為營的四步走戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù),循序漸進:首先,記住句型結(jié)構(gòu);其次,模仿寫作;之后,進行獨立創(chuàng)作;最后,形成屬于自己的模板句型。作為雅思寫作學(xué)習(xí)中可控制的因素,我們可以培養(yǎng)句式運用的習(xí)慣,使習(xí)慣稱為自然。為了我們雅思的學(xué)習(xí)這個努力是值得的,it;pays;in;the;long;run.

  

  在看學(xué)生的雅思寫作文章過程中,總會看到這樣的文字,college;graduates;are;difficult;to;find;jobs,parents;realise;the;needs;of;their;children;is;extremely;important,students;cannot;focus;on;their;study;because;of;tiredness;is;a;fact,Clearly,;rush;hours;emerges;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;early;evening;which;is;most;busy;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.這幾個句子,雖然長短不一,結(jié)構(gòu)不同,話題各異,但是,學(xué)生對形式主語it的駕馭能力的欠缺,是可見一斑的。

  二、形式主語;

  (一)什么是形式主語

  作為形式主語的it并無實際語義,是為滿足語法上的需要,避免句子頭重腳輕,它代替的是句子的邏輯主語。

  (二)形式主語it所在的句型類別

  1、作不定式的形式主語

  (1)句型

  It;is;+;a;pity/a;pleasure;+;to;do;sth.

  It;is;+;wrong/right/wise/cruel/naughty/selfish;+;of;sb.;+;to;do;sth.

  It;is;+;necessary/hard/important/difficult/possible/common;+;for;sb.;+;to;do;sth.

  (2)雅思范文寫作實例

  A.;Beyond;this,;it;is;also;of;paramount;importance;to;use;theaters;and;museums;as;the;social;classroomculture;and;history;education.

  B.;I;think;it;is;by;no;means;pointless,;in;any;way,;to;try;to;keep;traditions;alive;with;technology.;

  C.;It;is;difficult;to;say;who;has;the;right;to;judge;whether;children;working;is;wrongvaluable

  D.;,;it;is;important;to;remember;that;children;need;to;develop;skills;other;than;intellectual;ones,;and;

  E.;Finally,;I;think;that;it;is;also;important;to;remember;that;children;need;to;relax;as;well;as;work,;

  F.;Because;people;interpret;happiness;for;themselves;in;so;many;different;ways,;it;is;difficult;to;give;ang;definition;that;is;true;for;everyone.;

  G.;It;is;quite;common;these;days;for;young;people;in;many;countries;to;have;a;break;for;studying;after;graduation;from;high;school.;

  H.;They;may;think;that;it;is;better;to;continue;in;a;particular;job,;or;to;do;sth;completely;different;from;from;a;university;course.;

  據(jù)本人統(tǒng)計,劍橋官方的雅思真題(劍3劍8)幾乎每一篇Task2考官范文中,都有所使用,甚至在有的文章中出現(xiàn)三次之多。

  (3)學(xué)生寫作實例

  實例1:Many;people,;if;not;most,;are;strong;believer;in;the;claim;that;regard;children;go;to;work;as;completely;wrong,while;others;hold;the;opposite;opinion.

  修改建議:it;is;completely;wrong;for;children;to;go;to;work.

  實例2:They;have;to;complete;their;homework;conscientiously;within;limited;time;and;difficult;to;discover;the;problems;in;studies.

  修改建議:thus;it;is;difficult;to;discover;their;problems;in;study.

  實例3:College;graduates;are;difficult;to;find;jobs.

  修改建議:It;is;difficult;for;college;graduates;to;find;jobs.

  實例4:Parents;realise;the;needs;of;their;children;is;extremely;important.

  修改建議:It;is;extremely;important;for;parents;to;realise;the;needs;of;their;children.

  It;is;extremely;important;that;parents;realise;the;needs;of;their;children.

  2、作動名詞的形式主語

  (1)句型

  It;is;+;;use/good/useless/a;waste;of;time/energy/efforts;+;doing;sth.

  It;is;+;good/useless/hard/foolish/enjoyable/worthwhile;+;doing;sth.

  (2)雅思范文寫作實例

  A.;For;instance,;children;usually;pay;attention;to;match;their;clothing;and;toys;;in;fact,;it;is;really;worth;competing;thing;that;their;study;is;being;ignored.

  B.;Some;parents;believe;that;it;is;no;use;having;second;education;for;their;kids.

  (3)學(xué)生作文實例

  實例:Particular;countries;and;individuals;deals;with;environmental;issues;are;no;use.

  修改建議:It;is;no;use;dealing;with;environmental;issues;by;particular;countries;and;indivuduals.

  3、作主語從句的形式主語

  (1)句型

  It;is;+;;n./;adj./v-ed;+;that

  It;+;seems/happens/appears/matters//strikes/occurs;+;that

  It;is;+;said/reported/believed/;accepted/announced/estimated/acknowledged;+;that

  It;+;must;be;admitted/stressed;out;+;that/It;+;cannot;be;denied;+;that.../It;+;can;be;foreseen;+;that

  It;+;goes;without;saying;+;that

  (2)雅思范文實例

  A.;It;is;an;understandable;fact;that;many;employers;may;prefer;to;use;the;services;of;children;simply;to;save;money;by;paying;them;less;than;adults;and;it;is;this;type;of;exploitation;tht;should;be;discouraged.;

  B.;Admittedly,;it;is;common;sense;that;a;person;without;cooperative;spirit;will;be;difficult;to;survive;in;the;modern;society.

  C.;Unfortunately,;it;is;not;always;the;case;that;new;things;are;promoted;because;they;have;good;impacts;for;the;majority;of;people.;

  D.;It;is;clear;from;the;data;given;that;there;are;some;significant;differences;in;spending;habits;in;Europe.;

  E.;It;goes;without;saying;that;it;pays;to;keep;early;hours.

  F.;Take;holding;an;Olympic;games;as;an;example,;it;is;no;doubt;it;will;take;millions;of;money;to;build;stadiums.

  G.;A;more;dramatic;rise;is;predicted;between;2030;and;2040;in;Japan,;by;which;time;it;is;thought;that;the;proportion;of;elderly;people;will;be;similar;in;the;three;countries.;

  H.;It;seems;that;the;experiences;we;have;in;life;are;so;unpredictable;and;so;powerful,;that;they;can;boost;or;overide;other;influences,;

  (3)學(xué)生寫作實例

  實例1:It;is;quite;obvious/evident/apparent;that;the;quantity;of;families;who;tends;to;go;outside;and;infuse;fresh;oxygen;into;their;lungs;is;growing;steadily.

  實例2:It;is;universally;acknowledged;that;the;best;way;to;arouse;peoplelove;to;our;nature,;who;has;devoted;herself;too;much;to;human;beingdevelopment;while;has;received;barely;anything;till;now,;is;to;let;them;see;the;beauty;of;hers;by;themselves.

  這是XVCC23強化班里一位基礎(chǔ)較好的學(xué)生的寫作實例,其中的語法、措辭方面的錯誤已經(jīng)進行了修改。

  實例3:Clearly,;rush;hours;emerges;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;;early;evening;which;is;most;busy/the;busiest;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.

  修改建議:這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是無可厚非的(語法就不說啦),但是,按照雅思評分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),句式稍微做一下調(diào)整,會更漂亮:如:It;is;clear;that;rush;hours;emerge;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;in;the;early;evening;which;is;most;busy/the;busiest;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.或者改成It;is;demonstrated;that;rush;hours;emerge;in;the;early;morning;as;well;as;in;the;early;evening;which;is;most;busy/the;busiest;in;a;day;as;a;whole;in;London.這樣一個小小的調(diào)整,其句子修改前后的效果是顯而易見的。

  (三)it作形式主語的特征分析

  根據(jù)以上對it作形式主語的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的解析,對雅思寫作范文、尤其是官方考官范文的分析,以及對學(xué)生寫作過程中出現(xiàn)的it使用狀況的詳細解讀可知:相比較于名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句的復(fù)雜性和多邊性,it作為形式主語的句式結(jié)構(gòu)可謂簡明扼要,學(xué)生掌握起來應(yīng)該說是得心應(yīng)手的。

  (四)不能正確使用it形式主語的原因

  在信息編排時,英語句子遵循focus的原則,即舊信息在前,新信息在后information+new;information但是,當(dāng)句子主語結(jié)構(gòu)較長,容易使句子產(chǎn)生weight的感覺時,句子結(jié)構(gòu)則遵循weight的原則,即,把較長的主語全部置于句子尾部。前面空掉的主語位置用it來代替,擔(dān)當(dāng)形式主語的功能。

  而漢語并不具有這類明顯的特征,學(xué)生對英漢兩種語言結(jié)構(gòu)差異知之甚少,或者略有所知,在真正的運用中,也未必能夠正確的體現(xiàn)出來。多數(shù)學(xué)生都本著漢語式的思維,一遇到某人做某事是怎么樣的/是什么就習(xí)慣性地寫成t

  三、總結(jié);

  建議學(xué)生在雅思學(xué)習(xí)中,采取步步為營的四步走戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù),循序漸進:首先,記住句型結(jié)構(gòu);其次,模仿寫作;之后,進行獨立創(chuàng)作;最后,形成屬于自己的模板句型。作為雅思寫作學(xué)習(xí)中可控制的因素,我們可以培養(yǎng)句式運用的習(xí)慣,使習(xí)慣稱為自然。為了我們雅思的學(xué)習(xí)這個努力是值得的,it;pays;in;the;long;run.

  

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