2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題提分考點(diǎn)課件：9 介詞

　　語法專題

　　語法提分微點(diǎn)案 考點(diǎn)9　介詞和介詞短語 微視角　大領(lǐng)悟

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練

　　介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率非常高。介詞往往與名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、從句等一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，以表示它與其他詞在時(shí)間、方式、方向、位置等方面的關(guān)系。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在語法填空題中重點(diǎn)考查考生根據(jù)語境靈活運(yùn)用介詞的能力?？忌鷳?yīng)注意總結(jié)介詞與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意思和用法。

　　微視角　大領(lǐng)悟 　

　　練知考情　會(huì)方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 解析：句意：當(dāng)新的一天到來時(shí)，這些墻已經(jīng)釋放完了它們的熱量，現(xiàn)在足夠冷，能讓房子在炎熱的白天保持涼爽；與此同時(shí)，它們?cè)谕砩嫌謺?huì)變得溫暖。根據(jù)句意可知此處考查固定搭配at the same time，意為“與此同時(shí)”。 2．(2024·遼寧卷)Don't laugh ________ me. I may look funny. 解析：句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。 at

　　at

　　3．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 解析：句意：我找了個(gè)靠窗的位置，那樣我可以很好地看到人行道。next to“緊挨著，緊靠著”，為固定短語。 to

　　語法填空題中，如果空格后是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞－ing形式或what從句，且它們不是在句中作主語，也不是作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，這個(gè)空格就很可能是填介詞。這是因?yàn)椋?1．介詞必須要接賓語，其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞－ing形式或what從句。 2．名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞－ing形式或what從句在句中通常作主語、動(dòng)詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。如果不作主語，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語，就應(yīng)該是作介詞的賓語。 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 答案與解析：on→in　在櫥窗里看到了玩具應(yīng)用in。 2．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯(cuò))My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案與解析：去掉in　last week/last year/last month等前不加介詞。 3．(2024·四川卷短文改錯(cuò))Please help with me and give me some advice. 答案與解析：去掉with　help sb.“幫助某人”為固定用法，無介詞with。 4．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))Nearly five years ago, with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. 答案與解析：by→of　結(jié)合句子中的with the help可知是在父親的幫助下，因此應(yīng)該是with the help of sb.這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。 5．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 答案與解析：listening后加to　listen to music“聽音樂”。 6．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò))We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. 答案與解析：figure后加out　figure out ...“想出……”。 1．固定搭配中介詞的誤用 2．介詞在句中的多余或漏用 ①及物動(dòng)詞后直接加賓語，不用介詞，而不及物動(dòng)詞后需加介詞。 ②last, next, this等后接名詞表時(shí)間時(shí)前不用介詞。

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)　

　　語法精講　明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)　

　　介詞 用法 with ①和……一起；隨著…… ②因?yàn)椤?③具有/帶有……；with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) at ①表示片刻的時(shí)間點(diǎn) ②表示“在某處”，指在一個(gè)較小的地點(diǎn) ③表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因，意為“因?yàn)椤薄耙宦牭?看到/想到……就……” in ①表方位，在某范圍內(nèi)，特別注意在報(bào)紙上、書上有什么內(nèi)容，要用in ②表時(shí)間，后接表時(shí)間段的名詞短語，指在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)或在帶有將來時(shí)態(tài)的語句中表示某一段時(shí)間將發(fā)生句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作 ③表示材料、語言、方式、聲音 介詞 用法 on ①表示時(shí)間，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning與on the morning of 1st, May的區(qū)別 ②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或與某物毗鄰 ③表示與某一方面內(nèi)容相關(guān)，意為“關(guān)于” ④與名詞或動(dòng)名詞連用，意為“一……就……” from 表示“來自”或“從……時(shí)間開始” through ①表示從事物內(nèi)部穿過，與介詞in有關(guān) ②表示通過，憑借 across 從事物的表面通過，與介詞on有關(guān) 介詞 用法 over ①表示在表面的正上方，與under相對(duì) ②表示“從某事物上方越過” ③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆蓋 ④與表示時(shí)間段的名詞(短語)連用，表示“經(jīng)過、跨過某一個(gè)時(shí)間段” beyond ①表示方位，意為“超過，在……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊” ②表示超出理解、信任的范圍或能力所及的范圍 for ①表示“對(duì)于，至于，適合于” ②表示“為了(目的)；支持” against ①表示“反對(duì)，反抗，違背” ②表示“倚，靠，逆著(水流、潮流、風(fēng)等)”或“與……相對(duì)抗” 1．介詞與名詞類 at breakfast在吃早飯；at home在家里；at the cinema在電影院；by accident偶然；access to能夠進(jìn)入；能夠使用；attitude to/towards對(duì)……的態(tài)度；effect on對(duì)……的影響；lack of缺乏。 2．動(dòng)詞＋介詞類 worry about為……擔(dān)憂；talk about談?wù)?；hear about聽說；laugh at嘲笑；smile at對(duì)……微笑；shout at對(duì)……大喊；knock at敲擊；hear from收到……的來信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb. of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。 3．介詞與形容詞 busy with忙于；good for對(duì)……有好處；pleased with對(duì)……感到滿意；interested in對(duì)……感興趣；kind to對(duì)……友好。

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練　

　　好題巧練　拿高考滿分　

　?、?單句訓(xùn)練 1．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves

　　half an hour. 2．The two brothers decided to leave

　　midnight, for they had many miles to cover. 3．Mr. Smith met his wife

　　the shop in 1941. 4．The athletes from all over the world arrived

　　Beijing yesterday. 5．They jumped

　　the fence and fled away. 6．His father goes to work

　　car every day. 7．He made a living

　　selling newspapers when he was young. 8．The skier's red clothes stood out clearly

　　the snow. 9．The young mother whispered something

　　her children. 10．It's obvious that the new manager is rich

　　experience. in

　　in

　　at

　　in

　　in

　　over

　　by

　　by

　　against

　　to

　?、?語法填空 What do you know about Scotland's famous Loch Ness monster(尼斯湖水怪)? One thing you may not know is that “Nessie” could have been named ____________ Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK. Recently ____________ (discover) papers show that Sir Peter Scott, the first person to study the mythical animal ________ the Scottish Highlands, asked the Queen if she would let the monster be named “Elizabethia Nessie” if it were ever found. After he found out that the Queen was very interested ________ the mythical animal, he came up ________ the idea of naming it Elizabeth Nessie. The Independent reported. with

　　after

　　discovered

　　in

　　in

　　The documents ___________________ (discover) in the scientist's archive(檔案) at Cambridge University. It ___________ (show) that the Queen even asked to be sent personal updates about the search ________ “Nessie”. But Martin Charteris, the Queen's private secretary at the time, said in a reply ________Sir Peter's letter that there would have to be enough ____________ (evident) of the monster before it could.

　　evidence

　　were discovered

　　showed

　　for

　　to

　　語法專題

　　語法提分微點(diǎn)案 考點(diǎn)9　介詞和介詞短語 微視角　大領(lǐng)悟

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練

　　介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，使用頻率非常高。介詞往往與名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語、從句等一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，以表示它與其他詞在時(shí)間、方式、方向、位置等方面的關(guān)系。搭配比較活躍的介詞主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在語法填空題中重點(diǎn)考查考生根據(jù)語境靈活運(yùn)用介詞的能力。考生應(yīng)注意總結(jié)介詞與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意思和用法。

　　微視角　大領(lǐng)悟 　

　　練知考情　會(huì)方法技巧 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. 解析：句意：當(dāng)新的一天到來時(shí)，這些墻已經(jīng)釋放完了它們的熱量，現(xiàn)在足夠冷，能讓房子在炎熱的白天保持涼爽；與此同時(shí)，它們?cè)谕砩嫌謺?huì)變得溫暖。根據(jù)句意可知此處考查固定搭配at the same time，意為“與此同時(shí)”。 2．(2024·遼寧卷)Don't laugh ________ me. I may look funny. 解析：句意：不要嘲笑我。我可能看上去很滑稽。laugh at“嘲笑”，是固定搭配。 at

　　at

　　3．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ)I got a place next ________ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. 解析：句意：我找了個(gè)靠窗的位置，那樣我可以很好地看到人行道。next to“緊挨著，緊靠著”，為固定短語。 to

　　語法填空題中，如果空格后是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞－ing形式或what從句，且它們不是在句中作主語，也不是作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)，這個(gè)空格就很可能是填介詞。這是因?yàn)椋?1．介詞必須要接賓語，其賓語可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞－ing形式或what從句。 2．名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞－ing形式或what從句在句中通常作主語、動(dòng)詞的賓語或介詞的賓語。如果不作主語，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語，就應(yīng)該是作介詞的賓語。 1．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 答案與解析：on→in　在櫥窗里看到了玩具應(yīng)用in。 2．(2024·陜西卷短文改錯(cuò))My soccer coach retired in last week. 答案與解析：去掉in　last week/last year/last month等前不加介詞。 3．(2024·四川卷短文改錯(cuò))Please help with me and give me some advice. 答案與解析：去掉with　help sb.“幫助某人”為固定用法，無介詞with。 4．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))Nearly five years ago, with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes. 答案與解析：by→of　結(jié)合句子中的with the help可知是在父親的幫助下，因此應(yīng)該是with the help of sb.這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。 5．(2024·新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 答案與解析：listening后加to　listen to music“聽音樂”。 6．(2024·遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò))We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. 答案與解析：figure后加out　figure out ...“想出……”。 1．固定搭配中介詞的誤用 2．介詞在句中的多余或漏用 ①及物動(dòng)詞后直接加賓語，不用介詞，而不及物動(dòng)詞后需加介詞。 ②last, next, this等后接名詞表時(shí)間時(shí)前不用介詞。

　　微學(xué)堂　漲分?jǐn)?shù)　

　　語法精講　明重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)　

　　介詞 用法 with ①和……一起；隨著…… ②因?yàn)椤?③具有/帶有……；with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) at ①表示片刻的時(shí)間點(diǎn) ②表示“在某處”，指在一個(gè)較小的地點(diǎn) ③表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因，意為“因?yàn)椤薄耙宦牭?看到/想到……就……” in ①表方位，在某范圍內(nèi)，特別注意在報(bào)紙上、書上有什么內(nèi)容，要用in ②表時(shí)間，后接表時(shí)間段的名詞短語，指在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)或在帶有將來時(shí)態(tài)的語句中表示某一段時(shí)間將發(fā)生句子謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作 ③表示材料、語言、方式、聲音 介詞 用法 on ①表示時(shí)間，指在特定的某一天(的上午、下午或晚上)或一星期的某一天。注意in the morning與on the morning of 1st, May的區(qū)別 ②表示方位，指在某一事物表面上或與某物毗鄰 ③表示與某一方面內(nèi)容相關(guān)，意為“關(guān)于” ④與名詞或動(dòng)名詞連用，意為“一……就……” from 表示“來自”或“從……時(shí)間開始” through ①表示從事物內(nèi)部穿過，與介詞in有關(guān) ②表示通過，憑借 across 從事物的表面通過，與介詞on有關(guān) 介詞 用法 over ①表示在表面的正上方，與under相對(duì) ②表示“從某事物上方越過” ③表示“在……上面”，指部分或全部覆蓋 ④與表示時(shí)間段的名詞(短語)連用，表示“經(jīng)過、跨過某一個(gè)時(shí)間段” beyond ①表示方位，意為“超過，在……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊” ②表示超出理解、信任的范圍或能力所及的范圍 for ①表示“對(duì)于，至于，適合于” ②表示“為了(目的)；支持” against ①表示“反對(duì)，反抗，違背” ②表示“倚，靠，逆著(水流、潮流、風(fēng)等)”或“與……相對(duì)抗” 1．介詞與名詞類 at breakfast在吃早飯；at home在家里；at the cinema在電影院；by accident偶然；access to能夠進(jìn)入；能夠使用；attitude to/towards對(duì)……的態(tài)度；effect on對(duì)……的影響；lack of缺乏。 2．動(dòng)詞＋介詞類 worry about為……擔(dān)憂；talk about談?wù)?；hear about聽說；laugh at嘲笑；smile at對(duì)……微笑；shout at對(duì)……大喊；knock at敲擊；hear from收到……的來信；show off炫耀；meet with遇到；遭受；accuse sb. of sth.因某事指控某人；remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。 3．介詞與形容詞 busy with忙于；good for對(duì)……有好處；pleased with對(duì)……感到滿意；interested in對(duì)……感興趣；kind to對(duì)……友好。

　　微考場(chǎng)　新演練　

　　好題巧練　拿高考滿分　

　?、?單句訓(xùn)練 1．Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves

　　half an hour. 2．The two brothers decided to leave

　　midnight, for they had many miles to cover. 3．Mr. Smith met his wife

　　the shop in 1941. 4．The athletes from all over the world arrived

　　Beijing yesterday. 5．They jumped

　　the fence and fled away. 6．His father goes to work

　　car every day. 7．He made a living

　　selling newspapers when he was young. 8．The skier's red clothes stood out clearly

　　the snow. 9．The young mother whispered something

　　her children. 10．It's obvious that the new manager is rich

　　experience. in

　　in

　　at

　　in

　　in

　　over

　　by

　　by

　　against

　　to

　?、?語法填空 What do you know about Scotland's famous Loch Ness monster(尼斯湖水怪)? One thing you may not know is that “Nessie” could have been named ____________ Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK. Recently ____________ (discover) papers show that Sir Peter Scott, the first person to study the mythical animal ________ the Scottish Highlands, asked the Queen if she would let the monster be named “Elizabethia Nessie” if it were ever found. After he found out that the Queen was very interested ________ the mythical animal, he came up ________ the idea of naming it Elizabeth Nessie. The Independent reported. with

　　after

　　discovered

　　in

　　in

　　The documents ___________________ (discover) in the scientist's archive(檔案) at Cambridge University. It ___________ (show) that the Queen even asked to be sent personal updates about the search ________ “Nessie”. But Martin Charteris, the Queen's private secretary at the time, said in a reply ________Sir Peter's letter that there would have to be enough ____________ (evident) of the monster before it could.

　　evidence

　　were discovered

　　showed

　　for

　　to