2024屆廣東省天河區(qū)高考英語二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)精講精練:主謂一致01

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2024屆廣東省天河區(qū)高考英語二輪語法復(fù)習(xí)精講精練:主謂一致01

  主謂一致精講精煉01

  ●核心考核要點(diǎn)解讀

  在高考中主要以單項(xiàng)填空的形式來測(cè)試語法一致的原則,意義一致的原則,就近一致的原則,同時(shí)還涉及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和修飾等。由于漢語中沒有主謂一致現(xiàn)象,所以有時(shí)很難把握這一語法現(xiàn)象。在注意掌握主謂一致的基本原則的同時(shí),要特別注意語言內(nèi)容上一致的原則。分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語從句等用作主語的主謂一致問題仍將會(huì)是今后高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。

  一、主謂一致的種類

  1.語法形式上的一致

  主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The number of the students present is 200.目前的學(xué)生數(shù)是200。

  Jane and Mary look alike.簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗看起來很像。

  2.意義上一致

  1)主語形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  The crowd were shouting.人們?cè)诤敖?。?/p>

  單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people,police,cattle等。

  2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:

  The news was so surprising.這則消息是那么得令人驚訝。

  形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如physics,politics,economics等。

  3.就近原則

  即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or,either...or,neither...not,not only...but also等連接的并列主語,如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。如:

  Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.

  要么是你的學(xué)生,要么是王老師了解這件事。二、主謂一致的應(yīng)用

  1.名詞作主語

  1) 某些集體名詞,如family,team等作主語時(shí),如果作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一個(gè)幸福的家庭。

  The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看電視。

  這類名詞有audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。名詞population一詞的使用情況類似?!癮 group(crowd) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。

  2) 某些集體名詞,如people,police,cattle等,只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那個(gè)賊。

  3) 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  A sheep is over there.那邊有只羊。

  Some sheep are over there.那邊有些羊。

  4) 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等,作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如:

  The doctor’s is across the street.診所在街道的對(duì)面。

  My uncle’s is not far from here.我叔叔家離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。

  常見的省略名詞有the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s,the Zhang’s等。

  表示店鋪的名詞,一般作集體名詞看待,但用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.理查德店有很多貨物要賣。

  5) 當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則,把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:

  Three years has passed since then.自從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在,三年已經(jīng)過去了。

  6) 不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如:

  Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子們都想去看電影。7) 如果主語有more than one...或many a...構(gòu)成,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如:

  More than one student has read the book. 很多學(xué)生讀過這本書。

  但是,“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  More members than one are against your plan. 許多成員反對(duì)你的計(jì)劃。

  8) 一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of,a pair of ,a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:

  A pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一雙鞋。

  9) this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口語)(這一類人),但this kind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:This kind of men is dangerous.這一種人很危險(xiǎn)。

  Men of this kind are dangerous.這種類型的人很危險(xiǎn)。

  10) 復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時(shí),按意義一致原則,用作單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語用單數(shù),反之,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means(方法),works(工廠),species(種類),Chinese,Japanese等。如:

  The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 這家玻璃廠建于1980年。

  The(These)glass works are near the railway station.這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。

  當(dāng)它們前面有a,such a ,this,that修飾時(shí),謂語用單數(shù);有all,such,these,those修飾時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù);但means,no means,the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時(shí),可用作單數(shù),也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。

  11) 如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest等詞語,所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;反之,用單數(shù)。如:

  All of my classmates like music.我的同學(xué)都喜歡音樂。

  All of the water is gone.所有的水都沒了。

  12) 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如:

  Between the two windows hangs a picture.兩窗戶間掛著一幅畫。2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

  1) 用and或both...and連接并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  Plastics and rubber never rot.橡膠和塑料永不腐爛。

  Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和騎車是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

  但是,并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如:

  To love and to be loved is great happiness.愛與被愛是種幸福。

  Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是種好習(xí)慣。

  A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。

  2) 當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)這些詞前面的主語而定。如:

  The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.

  老師和學(xué)生都在圖書館里看書。

  3) 以or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等連接的名詞(代詞)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如:

  Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.湯姆和哥哥們?cè)诜块g里等著。

  3.代詞作主語

  1) 名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí),既可以用作單數(shù),也可以用作復(fù)數(shù),這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Ours (Our Party) is a great party.我們的黨是個(gè)偉大的黨。

  2) such,the same起指示代詞作用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Such is our plan.Such are his words.那就是我們的計(jì)劃。那就是他的話。

  3) 關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:

  Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的請(qǐng)舉手。

  Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

  人類使用的一些能源來自太陽。4) 疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.誰住在隔壁?是小劉。

  What produce(s) heat? 什么產(chǎn)生熱量?

  5) 不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語時(shí),有以下兩種情況:

  單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),視其在文中的意義,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:

  Now all has been changed.現(xiàn)在一切都改變了。

  All are present.所有人都到場(chǎng)了。

  either,neither單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),謂語通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時(shí),若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式,若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如:

  Do(es) any of you know his address? 你們當(dāng)中有誰知道他的地址嗎?

  None of them has (have) seen the film.他們當(dāng)中沒人看過這部電影。

  4.分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語

  1) “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語,如: About threefourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

  地球的四分之三被水覆蓋。

  Threefifths of the workers here are women.這個(gè)地方五分之三的工人是婦女。

  和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”,但是“the number of+名詞”的中心詞卻是number,試比較:

  A number of students have gone home.許多學(xué)生都回家了。

  The number of pages in this book is two hundred.這本書中的頁碼是二百。

  注意:(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù),如:

  Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。

  短語in quantity,in large quantities意為“大量”;in small quantities意為“少量”。2) a great deal of ,a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),如:

  Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的錢花在了這座橋上。

  3) 表示數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如:

  One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)半香蕉。

  4) half of,(a) part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

  主謂一致精講精煉01

  ●核心考核要點(diǎn)解讀

  在高考中主要以單項(xiàng)填空的形式來測(cè)試語法一致的原則,意義一致的原則,就近一致的原則,同時(shí)還涉及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和修飾等。由于漢語中沒有主謂一致現(xiàn)象,所以有時(shí)很難把握這一語法現(xiàn)象。在注意掌握主謂一致的基本原則的同時(shí),要特別注意語言內(nèi)容上一致的原則。分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語從句等用作主語的主謂一致問題仍將會(huì)是今后高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。

  一、主謂一致的種類

  1.語法形式上的一致

  主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The number of the students present is 200.目前的學(xué)生數(shù)是200。

  Jane and Mary look alike.簡(jiǎn)和瑪麗看起來很像。

  2.意義上一致

  1)主語形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  The crowd were shouting.人們?cè)诤敖小*?/p>

  單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people,police,cattle等。

  2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:

  The news was so surprising.這則消息是那么得令人驚訝。

  形復(fù)意單的單詞有news和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如physics,politics,economics等。

  3.就近原則

  即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or,either...or,neither...not,not only...but also等連接的并列主語,如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。如:

  Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this.

  要么是你的學(xué)生,要么是王老師了解這件事。二、主謂一致的應(yīng)用

  1.名詞作主語

  1) 某些集體名詞,如family,team等作主語時(shí),如果作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè)成員而言,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  His family is a happy one.他的家庭是一個(gè)幸福的家庭。

  The whole family are watching TV.全家人都在看電視。

  這類名詞有audience,class,club,company,crew,enemy,crowd,government,group,party,public,team等。名詞population一詞的使用情況類似。“a group(crowd) of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語之后的謂語動(dòng)詞也同樣可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)部分。

  2) 某些集體名詞,如people,police,cattle等,只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待,謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The police are searching for the thief.警察正在搜捕那個(gè)賊。

  3) 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  A sheep is over there.那邊有只羊。

  Some sheep are over there.那邊有些羊。

  4) 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略,這種情況一般只指商店、工廠、住宅等,作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如:

  The doctor’s is across the street.診所在街道的對(duì)面。

  My uncle’s is not far from here.我叔叔家離這兒不遠(yuǎn)。

  常見的省略名詞有the baker’s,the barber’s,the carpenter’s,the Zhang’s等。

  表示店鋪的名詞,一般作集體名詞看待,但用作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Richardson’s have a lot of goods to sell.理查德店有很多貨物要賣。

  5) 當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則,把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:

  Three years has passed since then.自從那時(shí)到現(xiàn)在,三年已經(jīng)過去了。

  6) 不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如:

  Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.孩子們都想去看電影。7) 如果主語有more than one...或many a...構(gòu)成,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如:

  More than one student has read the book. 很多學(xué)生讀過這本書。

  但是,“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  More members than one are against your plan. 許多成員反對(duì)你的計(jì)劃。

  8) 一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of,a pair of ,a series of等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:

  A pair of shoes was on the desk.桌子上有一雙鞋。

  9) this kind of book=a book of this kind(這種書),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);短語this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口語)(這一類人),但this kind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),all kinds of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:This kind of men is dangerous.這一種人很危險(xiǎn)。

  Men of this kind are dangerous.這種類型的人很危險(xiǎn)。

  10) 復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時(shí),按意義一致原則,用作單數(shù)意義時(shí),謂語用單數(shù),反之,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有means(方法),works(工廠),species(種類),Chinese,Japanese等。如:

  The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 這家玻璃廠建于1980年。

  The(These)glass works are near the railway station.這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。

  當(dāng)它們前面有a,such a ,this,that修飾時(shí),謂語用單數(shù);有all,such,these,those修飾時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù);但means,no means,the means等詞前沒有以上修飾詞時(shí),可用作單數(shù),也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。

  11) 如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest等詞語,所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;反之,用單數(shù)。如:

  All of my classmates like music.我的同學(xué)都喜歡音樂。

  All of the water is gone.所有的水都沒了。

  12) 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如:

  Between the two windows hangs a picture.兩窗戶間掛著一幅畫。2.由連接詞連接的名詞作主語

  1) 用and或both...and連接并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:

  Plastics and rubber never rot.橡膠和塑料永不腐爛。

  Walking and riding are good exercises.散步和騎車是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

  但是,并列主語如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒有冠詞。如:

  To love and to be loved is great happiness.愛與被愛是種幸福。

  Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.早睡早起是種好習(xí)慣。

  A knife and fork is on the table.桌子上有副刀叉。

  2) 當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)這些詞前面的主語而定。如:

  The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.

  老師和學(xué)生都在圖書館里看書。

  3) 以or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also等連接的名詞(代詞)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如:

  Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.湯姆和哥哥們?cè)诜块g里等著。

  3.代詞作主語

  1) 名詞性物主代詞作主語時(shí),既可以用作單數(shù),也可以用作復(fù)數(shù),這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Ours (Our Party) is a great party.我們的黨是個(gè)偉大的黨。

  2) such,the same起指示代詞作用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Such is our plan.Such are his words.那就是我們的計(jì)劃。那就是他的話。

  3) 關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:

  Those who want to go please put up your hands.想去的請(qǐng)舉手。

  Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.

  人類使用的一些能源來自太陽。4) 疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如:

  Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu.誰住在隔壁?是小劉。

  What produce(s) heat? 什么產(chǎn)生熱量?

  5) 不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語時(shí),有以下兩種情況:

  單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),視其在文中的意義,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:

  Now all has been changed.現(xiàn)在一切都改變了。

  All are present.所有人都到場(chǎng)了。

  either,neither單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),謂語通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時(shí),若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式,若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù),在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如:

  Do(es) any of you know his address? 你們當(dāng)中有誰知道他的地址嗎?

  None of them has (have) seen the film.他們當(dāng)中沒人看過這部電影。

  4.分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語

  1) “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語,如: About threefourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

  地球的四分之三被水覆蓋。

  Threefifths of the workers here are women.這個(gè)地方五分之三的工人是婦女。

  和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”,但是“the number of+名詞”的中心詞卻是number,試比較:

  A number of students have gone home.許多學(xué)生都回家了。

  The number of pages in this book is two hundred.這本書中的頁碼是二百。

  注意:(large)quantities of修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù),如:

  Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.大量的食物在桌子上。

  短語in quantity,in large quantities意為“大量”;in small quantities意為“少量”。2) a great deal of ,a large amount of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);large amounts of修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),如:

  Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.大量的錢花在了這座橋上。

  3) 表示數(shù)量的one and a half后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是其短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如:

  One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌子上有一個(gè)半香蕉。

  4) half of,(a) part of修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

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