2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)梳理練習(xí)：選修6 Unit 17 Laughter（北師大版）
Unit 17 Laughter
(60分鐘81分)
Part A
一、閱讀理解(共8小題;每小題2分,滿(mǎn)分16分)
A
There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each individual(個(gè)體的)ant hardly weighs anything,but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere,except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size,ants have been astonishingly successful,largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
In colonies(群體)that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions,they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound and sight to communicate,ants depend primarily on pheromones(外激素),chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food,it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying,it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.
In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.?
Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years,far longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one,they have a collective(集體的)intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
(2024·安徽高考)
1.We can learn from the passage that ants are.?
A.not willing to share food
B.not found around the poles
C.more successful than all other animals
D.too many to achieve any level of organization
2.Ants can use pheromones for.?
A.escape B.communication
C.warning enemies D.arranging labor
3.What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Accept. B.Employ.
C.Play with. D.Fight against.
4.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?
A.Their behavior. B.Their size.
C.Their number. D.Their weight.
【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文。世界上,螞蟻的數(shù)量繁多。它們?nèi)后w而居,分工明確,團(tuán)結(jié)一致,共同御敵。
1.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“They also live nearly everywhere,except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.”可知,在冰封的山頂和地球的兩極,人們沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)螞蟻。
2.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Where we use sound and sight to communicate,ants depend primarily on pheromones”可知,螞蟻可以利用外激素來(lái)交流。
3.D 詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“They are completely fearless”以及“attacking in large groups and overcoming their target”可知,它們會(huì)攻擊敵人。
4.A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,these little creatures have survived on Earth”可知,是它們的行為讓它們?cè)诘厍蛏系靡陨妗?/p>
B
Vienna has beaten Zurich to be crowned the place with the best quality of living in an annual survey in which European cities were among the top 10.
Management consultancy Mercer said Vienna scored the highest for overall quality of living in the 215-city survey after improvements in Austria’s political and social environment,knocking the Swiss city of Zurich into second position.Third in the list came another Swiss city,Geneva,followed by Vancouver,Canada,and Auckland,New Zealand,in shared fourth place.Baghdad,Iraq,came last despite slight improvements in its infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)and moves to encourage investment.Three German cities made the top 10—Dusseldorf,Munich and Frankfurt—with the list rounded out by Bern in Switzerland and Sydney,Australia.The highest US ranking in the Worldwide Quality of Living Survey was Horiolulu which came 29th while Washington and New York remained in positions 44 and 49 respectively.London came 38th in the list which is designed to help governments and companies plan international packages(酬薪)for their employees.?
“As a result of the current financial crisis multinationals are looking to review their international assignment policies with a view to cutting costs,” said Slagin Parakatil,senior researcher at Mercer,in a statement.“Many companies plan to reduce the number of their international employees and localize their packages where possible.”
Singapore was the top-scoring Asian city,coming in 26th which was up six places from a year ago due to its growing importance as a financial center and its wide range of international and private schools.Beijing moved up three places to 113,boosted by improvements in public transport facilities from the Olympics.
1.The passage is aimed at telling us.?
A.global rankings of cities with the best quality of living
B.Vienna named the place with the best quality of living
C.the packages of international employees
D.the quality of living of the world
2.Which city moved up the world rankings faster?
A.Washington. B.Baghdad.
C.Singapore. D.Beijing.
3.The underlined phrase “rounded out” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by.?
A.followed B.completed
C.designed D.figured
4.Which of the following is not included in the passage?
A.The purpose of the city rankings.
B.The reasons for multinationals cutting costs.
C.The highest U.S.ranking city.
D.The ranking cities in Africa.
【文章大意】本文是資訊報(bào)道,主要介紹了全球城市的生活質(zhì)量排名情況。
1.A 目的意圖題。文章主要目的是告訴我們?nèi)虺鞘械纳钯|(zhì)量排名,應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。
2.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段可以看出,在全球城市生活質(zhì)量排行榜上,華盛頓保持原位,巴格達(dá)仍處于墊底位置,新加坡比去年上升了6個(gè)榜位,北京上升了3個(gè)榜位。進(jìn)步幅度最大的是新加坡,選擇C項(xiàng)。
3.B 詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)本段可知,德國(guó)的三大城市、瑞典的伯爾尼和澳大利亞的悉尼躋身排行榜前十位。結(jié)合上文提到的前五位,可推測(cè)round out意為“圓滿(mǎn)完成”。
4.D 推理判斷題。A項(xiàng)在第二段尾句中提到;B項(xiàng)在第三段第一句中提到;C項(xiàng)在第二段倒數(shù)第二句中提到。文中未提到非洲的城市。
二、語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分15分)
Singles’ Day falls on November 11th every year in China,1. is recognized as a day for people who have no girlfriend or boyfriend.Couples and lovers have Valentine’s Day in 2.(celebrate) of their love,but how about the singles?There must be a day they can celebrate even without a partner.That’s 3. people created Singles’ Day.?
On Singles’ Day many singles choose to say goodbye to their single lives,4.(attend) blind date parties,and some people even decide to get 5.(marry) to strangers.6.,this day has recently become more of a time for shopping,because many shops online will give customers great discount 7.(promote) their goods.?
More and more people are 8.(will) to shop online to get what they want,and I am one of them.I just can’t help buying things 9. I need them or not.10.(honest) speaking,some of the things that I bought have been put aside forever in my closet.?
(2024·河北唐山一中月考)
1.which。此處用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,代指Singles’ Day。
2.celebration。in celebration of“為慶?！薄?/p>
3.why。這就是人們創(chuàng)立“光棍節(jié)”的緣由。此處用why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
4.attending。attend blind date parties“參加相親派對(duì)”。attending...現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
5.married。get married to sb.“與某人結(jié)婚”。
6.However。此處為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,應(yīng)用副詞however。
7.to promote。to promote their goods“為了推銷(xiāo)他們的商品”。此處用不定式短語(yǔ)表示目的。
8.willing。be willing to為固定搭配,意為“愿意”。
9.whether。此處用whether引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。whether...or...“無(wú)論……還是……”。
10.Honestly。honestly speaking為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作插入語(yǔ),意為“老實(shí)說(shuō)”。
Part B
一、完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿(mǎn)分30分)
The professor stood before his class of 10 senior biology students,about to pass out the final exam.“I have been privileged to be your 1 this semester,and I know how hard you have all worked to 2 for this test.I also know most of you are 3 to medical school next fall,”he said to them.?
“I am well aware of how much 4 you are under to keep your GPAs up,and because I know you are all 5 of understanding this material,I am prepared to 6 an automatic B to anyone who would 7 not to take the final.”?
The relief was audible(聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)的)as a number of students jumped up to 8 the professor and departed from class.The professor looked at the handful of students who 9 ,and offered again,“Any other takers?This is your last 10 .”O(jiān)ne more student decided to 11 .?
Seven students remained.The professor closed the door and took attendance.Then he 12 the final exam.There were two sentences typed on the 13 :?
“ 14 ,you have just received an A in this class.Keep believing in yourself.”?
I 15 had a professor who gave a test like that.It may seem like the easy 16 of grading exams,but it’s a 17 that any teacher in any discipline(治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn))could and should give.Students who don’t have 18 in what they’ve learned are B students at best.?
The same is 19 for students of real life.The A students are those who believe in what they’re doing 20 they’ve learned from both successes and failures.?
(2024·山東德州一中月考)
1.A.instructor B.colleague
C.relative D.principal
2.A.look B.call
C.prepare D.send
3.A.over B.off
C.out D.back
4.A.pressure B.control
C.threat D.guidance
5.A.fond B.afraid
C.capable D.worthy
6.A.report B.suggest
C.introduce D.offer
7.A.pretend B.prefer
C.deserve D.happen
8.A.thank B.scold
C.punish D.amuse
9.A.stopped B.remained
C.gathered D.succeeded
10.A.opportunity B.effort
C.goal D.1esson
11.A.flee B.vote
C.go D.exist
12.A.handed out B.put down
C.set aside D.picked up
13.A.desk B.paper
C.computer D.blackboard
14.A.Cheers B.Congratulations
C.Heavens D.Thanks
15.A.never B.once
C.often D.ever
16.A.cause B.way
C.design D.structure
17.A.help B.mark
C.test D.reward
18.A.energy B.interest
C.patience D.confidence
19.A.potential B.true
C.impossible D.wrong
20.A.because B.although
C.when D.unless
【文章大意】本文是記敘文。文章通過(guò)教授對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行的一次考試,告誡我們要相信自己,不要讓缺乏自信成為成功的絆腳石。
1.A 教授對(duì)于學(xué)生來(lái)講只能是指導(dǎo)員,故答案A正確。instructor“指導(dǎo)員”;colleague“同事”;relative“親屬”;principal“校長(zhǎng)”。
2.C prepare for this test“為考試做準(zhǔn)備”。教授說(shuō)知道同學(xué)們?yōu)榱诉@次考試做了非常認(rèn)真的準(zhǔn)備。
3.B be off to...“去……(地方)”。這里指的是此次考試之后,同學(xué)們就會(huì)進(jìn)入到高一級(jí)學(xué)府去深造。
4.A “我”非常清楚你們?yōu)榱吮３帜銈兊钠骄煽?jī)上升所承受的壓力。pressure “壓力”。
5.C 你們都能夠理解這套試題。be capable of “能夠”。
6.D offer sth.to sb.“給某人提供某物”。這里說(shuō)的是給不愿參加考試的同學(xué)一個(gè)B。
7.B prefer not to do sth.“不愿意做某事”,這里說(shuō)的是不愿意參加考試。
8.A 很多同學(xué)都立即跳起來(lái)去感謝(thank)教授,然后離開(kāi)了教室。不用考試都會(huì)得B,在他們看來(lái)是件好事,自然會(huì)表示感謝。
9.B 大部分同學(xué)都走了,只留下了少數(shù)幾個(gè)同學(xué)。remain“保留,留下”。
10.A 教授又說(shuō)了一遍,“還有離開(kāi)的嗎?這是最后一次機(jī)會(huì)了?！眔pportunity“機(jī)會(huì)”,符合文意。
11.C 又有一名同學(xué)決定離開(kāi),go此處表示“離開(kāi)”。
12.A 教授關(guān)上門(mén)后開(kāi)始點(diǎn)名,然后分發(fā)期末考試卷。hand out “分發(fā)”。
13.B 試卷上只打印了兩個(gè)句子。paper “試卷”。
14.B 祝賀你,你在班里得了A。要繼續(xù)相信自己。表示祝賀用congratulations。
15.A 作者談起自己的感受,從沒(méi)有一位教授是這樣給自己考試的。選擇A項(xiàng)。
16.B 這是一種給學(xué)生分層級(jí)的簡(jiǎn)單的方式,但是它是任何一位治學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)慕處煻紤?yīng)該給學(xué)生進(jìn)行的測(cè)試。way “方法,方式”。
17.C give a test“舉行測(cè)試”。
18.D 對(duì)自己所學(xué)沒(méi)有自信的學(xué)生,充其量就是B等生。confidence“信心”。
19.B The same is true for...為固定短語(yǔ),意為“……同樣如此”。
20.A 上下句是因果關(guān)系。句意:A等生就是那些相信自己辦事能力的人,因?yàn)樗麄兗葟某晒χ袑W(xué)得經(jīng)驗(yàn),也從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)。
二、七選五閱讀填空(共5小題;每小題2分,滿(mǎn)分10分)
There are three things that will get you ahead in life:good looks,smarts,and being considered as being smart. 1 And unluckily most of us are not good-looking.Let’s explore some different ways to become smarter.?
2 College doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll be smarter,just educated.It means you’ll be exposed to many different ideas and hopefully you’ll learn how to think.Being able to think outside the box and for yourself are features smart people possess.?
Read books and educational magazines. 3 Educational magazines are a wealth of knowledge you can share with others,thus making you sound very smart.If you do watch television,try watching something where you can learn.?
Expand your vocabulary.Try to learn one new word a week.It doesn’t seem like much,but adding 52 new words to your vocabulary will really make you appear much smarter.Subscribing(訂閱)to vocabulary.com is a good start. 4 This way you’re actually getting 365 words a year,but that is usually more than most people can absorb.?
Don’t repeat everything people tell you until you know that it’s true. 5 They hear a strange claim and they repeat it to the nearest ear.You can do much harm to your seek for being smart if you are known for giving bad information.?
(2024·河南洛陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考)
A.The first is God-given.
B.Go to college and get an education.
