2024屆高考英語一輪模塊復習學案：模塊1.3《looking good, feeling good》（解析版）
考點-1.contain
【教材原句】They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.(P42)
那些減肥藥片里含有某種有害的化學物質(zhì)，導致了我肝功能衰竭。
【例句研讀】根據(jù)英語句子完成漢語句子
?、賂his little book contains all the information that you need.
這本小冊子
。
?、贛y father could hardly contain his pride in me, and my mother eventually gave in before my success.
我的父親
，母親也最終為我的成功所折服。
③She could hardly contain(=control) herself when she heard the news.
聽到這個消息時，她
。
【答案】①這本小冊子含有你所需要的所有信息。
?、谖业母赣H難以掩飾對我的自豪，母親也最終為我的成功所折服。
?、勐牭竭@個消息時，她幾乎不能自制。
【自主歸納】
辨析 contain/include
contain意為“含有；包含；容納(=hold)；里面裝有”，含有“封閉全部”的意味，側(cè)重所
含的量和成分，不用于進行時態(tài)。另外，contain還有“掩飾,克制，抑制”之意。
include意為“包含；連……在內(nèi)，計入，算入；包括”用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。
①The hall is so large that it can contain/hold one thousand people.
?、贛any people took part in the fight against the great disaster, including some peasants.
?、跜an you name five things that?contain milk?
【即時鞏固】單項選擇題
?、?2008全國卷II)Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it______.
A. collected
B. contained
C. loaded
D. saved
?、赥he rocket ______ a number of scientific instruments, ______ a televsion camera.
A. contains; includes
B. includes; contains
C. contains; including
D. contains; included
考點-2. damage
【教材原句】My mother is right: don’t damage your health for a slim and attractive figure. (P43)
我媽媽說得對：不要為了苗條動人的身材而毀了自己的健康。
【例句研讀】根據(jù)英語句子完成漢語句子
?、賂hey managed to repair the houses that had been damaged．
他們設法修復了
。
?、赥he earthquake destroyed the whole city, making a lot of people homeless.
地震把整座城市
, 使得許多人無家可歸。
?、跘ll his hopes were destroyed by her letter of refusal.
他所有的希望都被她的拒絕信
。
?、躎he rain will ruin the crops.
這雨會
。
⑤Smoking seriously harmed(did harm to) his health.
吸煙
他的健康。
?、轍is words hurt me／my feelings．
他的話
。
⑦He fell and hurt his leg.
他掉下來
。
?、郙y shoes are so tight that my feet hurt．
鞋太緊，
。
?、酳everal children were injured in the accident.
好幾個孩子
。
?、釧 nurse cleaned and bandaged the wound.
護士把
清洗包扎好。
【答案】①他們設法修復了受到破壞的房屋。
?、诘卣鸢颜鞘薪o毀了, 使得許多人無家可歸。
?、鬯械南Ｍ急凰木芙^信給毀了。
?、苓@雨會把莊稼毀掉的。
⑤吸煙嚴重損害了他的健康。
⑥他的話傷了我／我的感情。
?、咚粝聛韨送取?/p>
?、嘈o，我的腳疼。
⑨好幾個孩子在那次事故中受了傷。
⑩護士把傷口清洗包扎好。
【自主歸納】
damage：指一定程度的損壞或損失，部分是可以修復的，可用作動詞或名詞，作名詞表示抽象的“損壞、破壞”時為不可數(shù)名詞。構成詞組：do/cause damage to sb./sth. 對人或物造成損害
damage one's health損害某人的健康
damage one's good name毀壞某人的名聲
cause/do damage to ... 使……受到損害
suffer damage (from ...) 受到(……的)損害
近義詞辨析
destroy：指徹底的、毀滅性的破壞，一般不可修復，常作“破壞，毀滅”講。也可指希望、計劃等的破滅。
ruin：指毀壞某種好的或者有用的東西，事后雖然存在，但已失去了其優(yōu)良的特性或特征。意思是“使毀滅，崩潰，弄糟”。用作名詞，意思是“毀滅，瓦解，廢墟”。構成介詞短語in ruins“成為廢墟”
harm：傷害，損害，主要用于有生命的東西，偶爾也用于無生命的事物，常指傷及一個人或其健康、權利、事業(yè)等。構成短語do harm to=be harmful to。
hurt：指精神上,感情上或肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷，傷害”。作不及物動詞意思是“疼”。其過去分詞不能作定語。
injury：指意外傷害或事故造成的傷害，有危及功能發(fā)展之意。作名詞可指平時的大小創(chuàng)傷或傷害。注意：the injured指因事故造成的“受傷者”。
wound：一般指刀傷，槍傷，戰(zhàn)場上受傷，也可指對感情的傷害。后跟的賓語是整個人而不是受傷部位。另外，wound還可作可數(shù)名詞。還可指傷口。注意：the wounded表示“傷員”，wounded前也可用具體數(shù)字修飾。
【即時鞏固】單項選擇題
①The bridge was ________ by the storm, so they had to cross the river my boat.
A. attacked
B. buried
C. ignored
D. damaged
?、?2006全國卷Ⅰ)Mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had
his leg.
A. damaged
B. hurt
C. hit
D. struck
?、邸癐f you go on stealing, you will ________ you bright future, young man！”said the judge.
A. destroy
B. damage
C. ruin
D. break
【答案】C
【解析】表示使某人的前途“毀滅”用ruin。句意：法官說：“年輕人，如果你繼續(xù)偷盜，你就會毀了你美好的未來?！?/p>
考點-3. ashamed
【教材原句】I am trying to lose weight because I’m so ashamed of my body. (P42)
我正努力減肥，因為我對自己的身體感到難為情。
We shouldn’t be ashamed of the
way we look, should we?(P43)
我們不應該為自己的外表感到羞愧，不是嗎？
【例句研讀】根據(jù)英語句子完成漢語句子
①I’m quite ashamed to have troubled you so many times.
麻煩你那么多次，我真的
。
?、贖e is ashamed of himself for havng lied now.
他因撒了謊而
。
?、跾tealing is a shameful thing to do, but he doesn’t feel ashamed.
偷東西是可恥的行為，但他并不
。
④I want to play football. Oh, it’s raining! What’s a shame!
我想去踢足球。啊，下雨啦。
?。?/p>
?、軼hat's a shame. I should be at work instead of lying here in bed.
，我應當在工作崗位上,而不是在這兒躺在床上。
?、轍e was shamed into admitting his guilt.
他
犯了罪。
?、遈our beautiful handwriting puts my untidy scrawl to shame.
你漂亮的字體吧我的潦草字跡比得
。
⑧He failed in the maths examination again, which shamed him out of telling his parents about it.
他數(shù)學考試再次不及格，這使得他
把此事告訴父母親。
【答案】①麻煩你那么多次，我真的不好意思。
?、谒蛉隽酥e而為自己感到羞愧。
?、弁禆|西是可恥的行為，但他并不感到羞愧。
?、芪蚁肴ヌ咦闱?。啊，下雨啦。真遺憾！
⑤真丟人，我應當在工作崗位上,而不是在這兒躺在床上。
⑥他羞愧地承認犯了罪。
⑦你漂亮的字體吧我的潦草字跡比得見不得人。
⑧他數(shù)學考試再次不及格，這使得他非常羞愧而沒有把此事告訴父母親。
【自主歸納】
ashamed adj. 感到羞恥的，感到難為情的（指人的感受）
shameful adj. 可恥的，丟臉的（指行為或事情）
shame n. 羞恥，羞愧；可恥的人或事物（此義為可數(shù)名詞）
v. 使某人感到羞愧，給某人帶來恥辱，使丟臉
be ashamed of oneself 為自己感到羞愧
be ashamed for sb.
替某人感到羞愧
be ashamed to do
對于……感到可恥
be ashamed at/ of
對……感到慚愧
be ashamed that從句?感到慚愧
put ...to shame 使……蒙羞，使沒面子?
shame sb. into / out of doing sth. 使某人感到羞愧而做／不做某事
【即時鞏固】根據(jù)漢語提示，完成句子。
?、費y mother always gets a bit _________ if we don’t get home when we say we will.
A. anxious
B. ashamed
C. weak
D. patient
【答案】A
?、贑ynthia is not ______ of what she does, even if she ends up doing something wrong.
A. shameful
B. confused
C. ashamed
D. embarrassed
考點-4. prefer
【教材原句】Instead, I prefer to exercise at home, and it seems that I am always going on a diet. (P45)
我卻更喜歡在家鍛煉，而且似乎我總是在節(jié)食。
【例句研讀】把下列各句翻譯成中文
?、賂hey preferred to stay at home rather than go to the moves.
?、贖e was very diligent; even on holidays, he preferred doing something to doing nothing.
③He preferred to speak without referring to his notes.
?、躀 prefer you not to stay there too long.
?、軼e prefer that each new student (should)take a science course.
【自主歸納】
prefer (sb.) to do sth.
更喜歡(某人)做……
prefer sth./doing ...to sth./doing ... 與……相比更喜歡……；寧愿……，不愿……
prefer to do ...rather than do ...
寧可做……也不做……
prefer that ... 更喜歡[that從句中常用(should＋)動詞原形]
[關鍵一點]在prefer to ...結構中，to 后接動詞原形；
在prefer ...to ...結構中to為介詞，to 后接動名詞。
表示“寧愿……也不愿……”的同義短語還有：would do. . . rather than do. . .
would rather do. . . than do. . .?
【即時鞏固】單項選擇題
?、賀ather than ______my child the results of the exercises directly，I prefer ______him how to do them.
A. to tell；to teach
B. tell；to teach
C. telling；teaching
D. tell；teaching
②Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.
A. comparison
B. possession
C. preference
D. advantage
?、跠oes this meal cost $50? I
something far better than this!
A. prefer
B. expect
C. suggest
D. suppose
?、蹾e prefers ________ indoors ________ out this afternoon.
A. to stay; to go
B. staying; to go
C. to stay; to going
D. staying; to going
考點-5. effect/affect
【教材原句】1.However, they have side effects, which will damage your health. (P49)
但是，它們都會有副作用，這會損害你的健康。
2.After your taking this kind of pill for some time, his hair might fall out or he might have health problems, some of which may even affect his liver or heart.(P49)你朋友在服用這種藥一段時間后，他的頭發(fā)可能會脫落或者會出現(xiàn)一些健康問題，甚至會影響他的肝臟和心臟。
【例句研讀】根據(jù)英語完成漢語句子
①With the government’s aid, those affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
在政府的援助下，那些
已經(jīng)搬到新的定居點。
?、赑eople present at the meeting was affected by his moving words.
出席會議的人
。
?、跿he doctor told her that her kidneys had become affected and must take some medicine. 大夫告訴她說她的腎臟
。
?、躀nflation is having a disastrous effect on the economy.
通貨膨脹正在
。
?、軹he new laws against drunk driving came into effect/take effect from May 1st, 2011.
新的打擊醉駕的法律
。
?、轙elevision has a strong influence on people.
電視
。
?、遅hat you read influences your thinking.
你讀的東西
。
【答案】①在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影響的人們已經(jīng)搬到新的定居點。
?、诔鱿瘯h的人被他感人的話語所感動。
?、鄞蠓蚋嬖V她說她的腎臟受到了感染必須服藥。
?、芡ㄘ浥蛎浾诮o經(jīng)濟帶來災難性的影響。
?、菪碌拇驌糇眈{的法律是從2011年5月1日起生效的。
?、揠娨晫θ擞泻艽蟮挠绊憽?/p>
?、吣阕x的東西對你的思想有影響。
【自主歸納】
have a strong/great influence on＝have a strong/great effect on對……有很大的影響
have a side effect on…對……有副作用
be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感動
be affected by heat/cold中暑/著涼
put/bring sth.into effect實施，實行，使生效
come into effect/take effect(法律、規(guī)則或制度)生效；實施
注意：effect 有時雖用作動詞(及物)，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。
They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他們半夜逃脫了。
