2024屆天津市寧河縣高考英語閱讀理解訓(xùn)練（6）（含解析）
閱讀理解
With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑). Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威懾) to murder, while others think there is no enough proof that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The argument advanced by those opposed （反對） to the death penalty is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is tile mark of a bad society and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime (罪行) anyway.
In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary action. Throughout recorded history there have always been those peculiar persons in every society who made terrible crimes such as murder. But some are more dangerous than others.
For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in time of blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.
The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion. But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100, 000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been done only once, and the murder rate has risen to10.4 murders for each 100, 000 population. The sharp climb in the state's murder rate, which began when killings stopped, does not happen by chance. It certainly shows that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否決), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.
1. The main purpose of this passage is to _____.
A. speak for the majority???
B. support a veto
C. speak ill of the government???
D. argue for the value of the death penalty
答案解析：答案為D。本題為文章的主旨大意題。由第一段的 “Many argue that …, while others think ...”和最后一段的首句 “The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.”可知，本文討論死刑的價(jià)值。
2. Which of the following is among the heated arguments across the USA besides death penalty?
A. Air pollution.
B. The war against Iraq.
C. Equal rights.
D. Election of president.
答案解析：答案為C。本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段的首句 “With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most heated argument across the United States today is the death penalty (死刑).”. The numbers in the last paragraph show that ______.
A. if they stick to death penalty, the number of murders will be reduced
B. death penalty almost stopped from 1954 to 1963
C. the population of California has risen
D. death penalty is of little value
答案解析：答案為A。本題為推理題。從最后一段的第二句 “But the majority of people believe that the death penalty protects them.” 和最后三句 “If the law about death penalty is vetoed (否決), some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is really a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of people must be protected.”“For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was carried out from time to time in California…” 可知，1954年到1963年期間，死刑時(shí)不時(shí)地在California執(zhí)行，并不是廢除了，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)在文中未提及，D選項(xiàng)與本段的中心意思違背。
4. It can be inferred that the writer thinks that ______.
A. the death penalty is the most important problem in the United States today
B. the second type of murderers (in Paragraph 4) should be sentenced to death
C. the veto of the law about death penalty is of little importance
D. the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be discussed
答案解析：答案為B。本題為推理題。細(xì)讀第四段， 由“it is one thing … blind anger, but quite another to coldly plan …in the style of a butcher. Thus,
murder… is a matter of different degree. While it could be argued with some reason that the criminal in the first instance should be merely kept from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.”可知，作者認(rèn)為謀殺分為 “blind anger （盲目的憤怒）” 和 “coldly plan …in the style of a butcher （冷酷的屠夫式的謀殺），謀殺的程度不一樣，如果是第一種就僅僅讓謀殺者與社會隔離即可，而不是后一種謀殺者的命運(yùn)，言外之意就是后一種謀殺應(yīng)該判死刑。故答案為B。
結(jié)合前面幾題的分析，第一段作者認(rèn)為除了人權(quán)問題，在美國討論最熱烈的問題是死刑。故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤。從最后一段倒數(shù)第三句話 “If the law about death penalty is vetoed, some people will be murdered- some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect.” 可知，如果死刑被否決，一些本可以挽救的生命就會被謀殺，可見死刑的否決對保護(hù)人的生命有著重要的意義，C選項(xiàng)的意思與此相反，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)與最后一段的首句
“The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to discussion.” 表達(dá)相反，故錯(cuò)誤。
閱讀理解
Whoever named the bird turkey — a word that English speakers began mentioning as long ago as 1541 — made a big mistake. Although that bird came from Guinea（幾內(nèi)亞）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. When English speakers established their first colony in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, they thought they saw turkeys there too. “We found an island, on which there were many turkeys,” wrote one. These birds were not from Turkey and were not related to the Guinean fowl（家禽）of Africa. But turkeys they were called, and turkeys they remain.
Much of what we know about the Jamestown colony was written by Captain John Smith, whose efforts preserved the colony from collapse（垮掉）and who in turn was preserved by the Indian “princess” Pocahontas. Smith’s accounts of the colony frequently mention turkeys as food, gifts, and objects of trade. In 1607, Smith wrote, to celebrate the first peace after the first armed fight, the Indians brought turkeys, bread and what they had, singing and dancing in celebration of friendship till they departed. Elsewhere Smith noted that the Indians made warm and beautiful cloaks（披風(fēng)）from turkey feathers. Further north, as the Plymouth colony neared the end of its first year in 1621, Governor William Bradford also observed a great flock of wild turkeys, of which they took many.
Undoubtedly,
turkeys were among the fowls served at the first Thanksgiving dinner.
Despite those significant beginnings and Benjamin Franklin’s lobbying（游說）, the turkey lost to the bald eagle in the contest for American bird. And it is a loser in modern English slang, too. Since the 1920s, turkey has been a term for a play or movie that is a failure, and since the 1950s for a person who is not fit for his job. But though the turkey never succeeded in becoming the American symbol, it did become the American feast. Thanksgiving is Turkey Day, and the turkey has come into our language more than other birds. We never “talk eagle”, we “talk turkey” when we speak frankly.
63. Who named the bird turkey?
A. English speakers.
B. Turkish merchants.
C. Captain John Smith.
D. Guineans.
【答案】A
【解析】從第一段的第二句話Although that bird came from Guinea（幾內(nèi)亞）in Africa, the English apparently first imported it from Turkish merchants. So, naturally, they called it a turkey. 得知雖然這種鳥原產(chǎn)地是幾內(nèi)亞，但是是英國人從Turkish商人那里買的，很自然的，英國人就稱這種鳥turkey.
【考點(diǎn)定位】考察的是細(xì)節(jié)理解題
64. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that ________.
A. turkeys were brought to Jamestown by Smith
B. the Indians fought with Captain Smith for turkeys
C. turkeys were served at the first Thanksgiving dinner
D. Captain John Smith wrote a book named Jamestown Colony
65. When we say somebody is a turkey, it means ________.
A. he is very angry
B. he has no ability to do his job
C. he likes eating turkeys
D. he speaks frankly
66. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. The turkey was beaten in a fight by the bald eagle.
B. Turkeys were introduced to America from Guinea.
C. The turkey has become American food because it was beaten.
D. Turkey has become a term of failure in modern English slang.
閱讀理解
Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York--he was in computers, she was in special education. "Teaching means everything to us," Tim would say. In April 1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's purpose.
Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Parton' s foundation (基金會) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier, Tennessee. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire," Tim recalls.
He placed the brochure on his desk, "as a reminder."
Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imagination library .com. The program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.
The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children rubbish,” says Linda. The books-reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists and Dollywood board members-included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.
Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to books I’ve never heard of .”
The Richters spend about ＄400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”
16.What led Tim to think seriously about the meaning of life?
A. His health problem.
B .His love for teaching.
C. The influence of his wife.
D .The news from the Web.
17.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library?
A. Give out brochures.
B .Do something similar.
C. Write books for children
D. Retire from being a teacher.
18.According to the text, Dollly Parton is
.
A. a well-known surgeon
B. a mother of a four-year-old
C. a singer born in Tennessee
D .a computer programmer
19.Why did the Richters go to Dollywood?
A. To avoid signing up online.
B. To meet Dollywood board members.
C. To make sure the books were the newest.
D. To see if the books were of good quality.
20.What can we learn from Tim’s words in the last paragraph?
A. He needs more money to help the children.
B. He wonders why some people are so busy.
C. He tries to save those waiting to die.
D. He considers his efforts worthwhile.
【參考答案】16—20、ABCDD
閱讀理解D
Chinese writer Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English, European experts say.
“Hopefully, the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated,” says Michel Hockx, professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London. “Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already. Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive, with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”
Jonathan Ruppin, web editor of bookseller Foyles, says Mo’s win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary（富于幻想的）writer. “We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available,” Ruppin says. He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its century-long history.
As East-West cultural exchange has been booming, Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years. Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”
University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says, “The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself. People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit （缺少）between China and its international counterparts — in particular, China knows incomparably（無比地）more about Europe and America than the other way round — and reading Chinese literature is an effective, simple means of solving that gap.”
67. The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means
“________”.
A. start out
B. burn up
C. set off
D. appeal to
68. Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because
A. Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English
B. the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world
C. the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature
D. the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed
【答案】D
【解析】從第四段Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.” Hockx所解釋的中國的文學(xué)作品越來越受關(guān)注的主要原因是中國的作家有越來越多的機(jī)會去國外推廣的作品并吸引了外國的讀者。與此同時(shí)，越來越多的外國人學(xué)習(xí)漢語并對中國的語言和文化表現(xiàn)出很厚的興趣，由此可以推斷出中國和西方國家的關(guān)系加強(qiáng)了才導(dǎo)致的這種結(jié)果。
【考點(diǎn)定位】考察的是推理判斷題
69. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Chinese literature has spread with the development of China.
B. The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.
C. In the past, no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.
D. Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan’s works.
70. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A. China knows more about Europe and America than before.
B. China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.
C. China, Europe and America know one another more than before.
D. Compared with America, China knows more about Europe.
