2023考研英語閱讀良品導(dǎo)購(gòu)
A guide to goodness Values for money
良品導(dǎo)購(gòu) 價(jià)廉物良
Want to know if a product is virtuous? There s an app for that.
想知道一個(gè)產(chǎn)品是否貨真價(jià)實(shí)?有個(gè)軟件能幫你。
AS HE applied sunscreen to his young daughter s face, Dara O Rourke, a professor ofenvironmental and labour policy at the University of California, Berkeley, found himselfwondering if the lotion was safe.
當(dāng)加利福尼亞大學(xué)伯克利分校的環(huán)境與勞工政策教授多拉?歐羅克往他年幼的女兒臉上抹防曬霜時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在懷疑這種防曬霜是否安全。
He realised there was no readily available answer.
他意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題沒有現(xiàn)成的答案。
The resulttwo years, a team of chemists, lots of testing and a chunk of venture capitallateris GoodGuide.com.
歷時(shí)兩年，一批化學(xué)家進(jìn)行了大量的測(cè)試及后期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，成果是建立了指南網(wǎng)。
Launched in 2008, this is a website and smartphone app that rates 140,000 consumerproducts according to their safety, environmental sustainabilityand the ethics of the firms that make them.
這個(gè)成立于2008年的網(wǎng)站有配套的智能手機(jī)軟件，它根據(jù)安全性、環(huán)境可持續(xù)性及生產(chǎn)廠商的道德操守對(duì)十四萬種消費(fèi)品進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。
Now GoodGuide has created a new purchase analyser app designed to inform consumersnot just about the values embedded in products, but also about whether they are thevirtuous shoppers they say they want to be.
現(xiàn)在，指南網(wǎng)已開發(fā)了一個(gè)新的 購(gòu)物分析家 軟件，此軟件不僅旨在告訴消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)品的內(nèi)在價(jià)值，也旨在告訴消費(fèi)者他們是不是自己所說的希望成為的良心購(gòu)物者。
Using the new app requires selecting a series of characteristics, which can range fromwhether the user favours organic products to buying only from firms with a goodhuman-rights record.
使用這個(gè)新軟件需要對(duì)一系列特性進(jìn)行選擇，這些特性涵蓋了從用戶是否喜歡有機(jī)產(chǎn)品到只從人權(quán)記錄良好的公司購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品等方面。。
The consumer then scans the bar code on a product with the camera in their smartphone.The app identifies it and checks in a database to score how it shapes up.
然后，消費(fèi)者用其智能手機(jī)中的攝像頭掃描產(chǎn)品上的條形碼。軟件識(shí)別條形碼并在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中進(jìn)行檢索，從而為產(chǎn)品評(píng)分。
Much therefore depends on the quality of the data, which GoodGuide gathers from varioussources, including government reports and scientific studies, and research by its own staff.
因此，評(píng)分結(jié)果在很大程度上取決于數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，這些數(shù)據(jù)是指南網(wǎng)從各處搜集而來的，來源包括政府報(bào)告、科學(xué)研究及其員工所作的調(diào)查。
If the product scores badly, the app will recommend an alternative item which is ratedmore highly.
如果產(chǎn)品得分很低，軟件就會(huì)推薦另一種得分更高的替代產(chǎn)品。
The app also tracks a consumer s purchases to see how well they fit with their selectedvalues, giving a sort of personal virtue rating.
軟件還會(huì)追蹤消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)物記錄，看看他們的購(gòu)物行為在多大程度上符合自身贊同的購(gòu)物觀，然后給出一種個(gè)人的購(gòu)物美德度等級(jí)。
So far, GoodGuide has mostly been used by shoppers who are already keen to know aboutany issues connected with products they buy.
到目前為止，使用指南網(wǎng)的大都是這樣的購(gòu)物者：他們已熱衷于了解任何關(guān)于其購(gòu)買的商品的問題。
They are mothers concerned about a child s health, older people facing a chronic illness orsupporters of a cause, such as animal rights.
他們是關(guān)心子女健康的母親、身患慢性疾病的老年人和某項(xiàng)事業(yè)的支持者。
The hope behind the app is that the idea of finding out about a product s background willbecome mainstream.
這個(gè)軟件背后的期望是： 查清一種產(chǎn)品的背景信息這個(gè)理念 會(huì)變成主流。
Consumers rarely change their buying habits, even when confronted with scientific and otherdata, says Mr O Rourke.
歐羅克先生說，即使面對(duì)科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和其他數(shù)據(jù)，消費(fèi)者都幾乎不會(huì)改變他們的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣。
So he has drawn on insights from behavioural economics, which show shoppers can be greatlyinfluenced by peer pressure and by information passed on to them by people they know.
于是他利用了行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來開發(fā)這個(gè)軟件。這些觀點(diǎn)表明，同輩壓力及購(gòu)物者認(rèn)識(shí)的人傳遞給他們的信息都能對(duì)購(gòu)物者產(chǎn)生很大的影響。
The app tries to take advantage of these pressures.
這個(gè)軟件嘗試?yán)眠@些壓力。
The virtue rating will inform a consumer how well they are doing according to the valueswhich they espouse.
購(gòu)物美德度評(píng)估會(huì)根據(jù)購(gòu)物者所贊成的購(gòu)物觀來告知他們其購(gòu)物表現(xiàn)如何。
That measurement gives an incentive to do better.
這種評(píng)估會(huì)促使購(gòu)物者改善其購(gòu)物行為。
Soon, the rating will be able to be shared with others on social-media sites such asFacebook, which could inspire a shopper to consume more thoughtfully.
很快，人們就能夠在如臉譜網(wǎng)的社交媒介中與別人分享這種評(píng)估，這將鼓勵(lì)購(gòu)物者更加理性地消費(fèi)。
It might even, believes Mr O Rourke, turn being a good shopper into an online game.
歐羅克先生認(rèn)為，這個(gè)軟件可能甚至?xí)?做一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的購(gòu)物者 變?yōu)榫€上游戲
A guide to goodness Values for money
良品導(dǎo)購(gòu) 價(jià)廉物良
Want to know if a product is virtuous? There s an app for that.
想知道一個(gè)產(chǎn)品是否貨真價(jià)實(shí)?有個(gè)軟件能幫你。
AS HE applied sunscreen to his young daughter s face, Dara O Rourke, a professor ofenvironmental and labour policy at the University of California, Berkeley, found himselfwondering if the lotion was safe.
當(dāng)加利福尼亞大學(xué)伯克利分校的環(huán)境與勞工政策教授多拉?歐羅克往他年幼的女兒臉上抹防曬霜時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在懷疑這種防曬霜是否安全。
He realised there was no readily available answer.
他意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題沒有現(xiàn)成的答案。
The resulttwo years, a team of chemists, lots of testing and a chunk of venture capitallateris GoodGuide.com.
歷時(shí)兩年，一批化學(xué)家進(jìn)行了大量的測(cè)試及后期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，成果是建立了指南網(wǎng)。
Launched in 2008, this is a website and smartphone app that rates 140,000 consumerproducts according to their safety, environmental sustainabilityand the ethics of the firms that make them.
這個(gè)成立于2008年的網(wǎng)站有配套的智能手機(jī)軟件，它根據(jù)安全性、環(huán)境可持續(xù)性及生產(chǎn)廠商的道德操守對(duì)十四萬種消費(fèi)品進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。
Now GoodGuide has created a new purchase analyser app designed to inform consumersnot just about the values embedded in products, but also about whether they are thevirtuous shoppers they say they want to be.
現(xiàn)在，指南網(wǎng)已開發(fā)了一個(gè)新的 購(gòu)物分析家 軟件，此軟件不僅旨在告訴消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)品的內(nèi)在價(jià)值，也旨在告訴消費(fèi)者他們是不是自己所說的希望成為的良心購(gòu)物者。
Using the new app requires selecting a series of characteristics, which can range fromwhether the user favours organic products to buying only from firms with a goodhuman-rights record.
使用這個(gè)新軟件需要對(duì)一系列特性進(jìn)行選擇，這些特性涵蓋了從用戶是否喜歡有機(jī)產(chǎn)品到只從人權(quán)記錄良好的公司購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品等方面。。
The consumer then scans the bar code on a product with the camera in their smartphone.The app identifies it and checks in a database to score how it shapes up.
然后，消費(fèi)者用其智能手機(jī)中的攝像頭掃描產(chǎn)品上的條形碼。軟件識(shí)別條形碼并在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中進(jìn)行檢索，從而為產(chǎn)品評(píng)分。
Much therefore depends on the quality of the data, which GoodGuide gathers from varioussources, including government reports and scientific studies, and research by its own staff.
因此，評(píng)分結(jié)果在很大程度上取決于數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，這些數(shù)據(jù)是指南網(wǎng)從各處搜集而來的，來源包括政府報(bào)告、科學(xué)研究及其員工所作的調(diào)查。
If the product scores badly, the app will recommend an alternative item which is ratedmore highly.
如果產(chǎn)品得分很低，軟件就會(huì)推薦另一種得分更高的替代產(chǎn)品。
The app also tracks a consumer s purchases to see how well they fit with their selectedvalues, giving a sort of personal virtue rating.
軟件還會(huì)追蹤消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)物記錄，看看他們的購(gòu)物行為在多大程度上符合自身贊同的購(gòu)物觀，然后給出一種個(gè)人的購(gòu)物美德度等級(jí)。
So far, GoodGuide has mostly been used by shoppers who are already keen to know aboutany issues connected with products they buy.
到目前為止，使用指南網(wǎng)的大都是這樣的購(gòu)物者：他們已熱衷于了解任何關(guān)于其購(gòu)買的商品的問題。
They are mothers concerned about a child s health, older people facing a chronic illness orsupporters of a cause, such as animal rights.
他們是關(guān)心子女健康的母親、身患慢性疾病的老年人和某項(xiàng)事業(yè)的支持者。
The hope behind the app is that the idea of finding out about a product s background willbecome mainstream.
這個(gè)軟件背后的期望是： 查清一種產(chǎn)品的背景信息這個(gè)理念 會(huì)變成主流。
Consumers rarely change their buying habits, even when confronted with scientific and otherdata, says Mr O Rourke.
歐羅克先生說，即使面對(duì)科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和其他數(shù)據(jù)，消費(fèi)者都幾乎不會(huì)改變他們的購(gòu)物習(xí)慣。
So he has drawn on insights from behavioural economics, which show shoppers can be greatlyinfluenced by peer pressure and by information passed on to them by people they know.
于是他利用了行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來開發(fā)這個(gè)軟件。這些觀點(diǎn)表明，同輩壓力及購(gòu)物者認(rèn)識(shí)的人傳遞給他們的信息都能對(duì)購(gòu)物者產(chǎn)生很大的影響。
The app tries to take advantage of these pressures.
這個(gè)軟件嘗試?yán)眠@些壓力。
The virtue rating will inform a consumer how well they are doing according to the valueswhich they espouse.
購(gòu)物美德度評(píng)估會(huì)根據(jù)購(gòu)物者所贊成的購(gòu)物觀來告知他們其購(gòu)物表現(xiàn)如何。
That measurement gives an incentive to do better.
這種評(píng)估會(huì)促使購(gòu)物者改善其購(gòu)物行為。
Soon, the rating will be able to be shared with others on social-media sites such asFacebook, which could inspire a shopper to consume more thoughtfully.
很快，人們就能夠在如臉譜網(wǎng)的社交媒介中與別人分享這種評(píng)估，這將鼓勵(lì)購(gòu)物者更加理性地消費(fèi)。
It might even, believes Mr O Rourke, turn being a good shopper into an online game.
歐羅克先生認(rèn)為，這個(gè)軟件可能甚至?xí)?做一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的購(gòu)物者 變?yōu)榫€上游戲
