2024屆高考英語一輪復習考點真題演練:Section 14 完形填空之議論文(含解析)
Section 14 完形填空
議論文
【命題探究】
1.議論文完形填空包括夾敘夾議和純議論兩種形式。純議論形式的完形填空一般是直接提出論點,通過論據(jù)論證,最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一個話題供大家討論。
2.純議論形式的完形填空一般都是由論點、論據(jù)和論證三大要素組成,也是一個提出問題→分析問題→解決問題的過程。
3.議論文在詞語表達上除了客觀之外,
1.理清文章的論點、論據(jù)和結論。
2.能說明論點的主要內容往往在論據(jù)里得到印證,因此,要注意論點與論據(jù)的結合。
3.注意各部分的邏輯關系,只要條理清晰,理順文章的思路,有著扎實的語言基礎,做好議論類完形填空不會很難。
1.Most developed nations have become__43__on digital technology simply because they’ve grown accustomed to it,and at this point not__44__(using) it would make them an outsider.
43.A.bent
B.hard
C.keen
D.dependent
答案 D
2.The__41__(tale)took on a new meaning recently when Mr.Guyer downsized to a__42__house from a more expensive and comfortable one.He was__43__(worried)that his children,a daughter,15,and twins,22,would be upset.
42.A.large
B.small
C.new
D.grand
答案 B
【方法指導】
1.利用篇章結構層次關系解題
議論文文體的特點是突出論點,并運用論據(jù)對論點進行論證,這樣行文線索常常會體現(xiàn)因果邏輯關系,所以解題時要善于通過這些信息解題。
因果關系是議論文中常見的邏輯現(xiàn)象。正確分析這種現(xiàn)象,考生能夠明確由“因”帶來的“果”,以及“果”所出自的“因”。上文1中人們對數(shù)字科技所形成的習慣這個“因”,造成了人們對其依賴的這個“果”。because起到關鍵作用,有助于分析理解句子。keen on“喜愛,熱衷于”。
2.利用文中同義、反義關系的信息詞解
議論文中同義詞和反義詞常常是命題者挖空的來源,它們之間的相互對應是解題的關鍵信息。同義和反義的表達方式是作者論述的常用手段。解題時考生可以通過同義的比較和反義的推斷尋找解題根據(jù)。
上文2中的downsized和選項中small在語義方面十分相近,這為本題選出正確答案提供了很大幫助。建議考生在解題過程中學會運用這個有效的手段。
Cloze 1
(2024·福建高考)One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder.However, life can be __1__ when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I __2__ a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class fault-finder, almost always __3__ by things.People were always doing things that annoyed her, and __4__ was ever good enough.She was highly selfcritical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really __5__ person.
Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her __6__. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash.What made it almost __7__ to deal with was that the day before the __8__, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her __9__ of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to __10__. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became __11__ her habit of finding fault.Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to __12__ everything so harshly(刻薄).She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her __13__ as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, __14__ when we’re honest, we can be sharply __15__ of
the world.I’m not suggesting you __16__ problems, or that you pretend things are __17__ than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are—__18__ most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big __19__.
Train yourself to “bite your tongue”, and with a little __20__, you’ll get really good at letting things go.And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1.A.lonely
B.great
C.quiet
D.uneasy
2.A.received
B.a(chǎn)nswered
C.expected
D.rejected
3.A.threatened
B.interrupted
C.bothered
D.spoiled
4.A.anything
B.everything
C.something
D.nothing
5.A.caring
B.boring
C.interesting
D.surprising
6.A.attitude
B.plan
C.measure
D.explanation
7.A.urgent
B.unnecessary
C.certain
D.impossible
8.A.occasion
B.event
C.a(chǎn)ccident
D.a(chǎn)dventure
9.A.memory
B.notice
C.evidence
D.choice
10.A.hear
B.contribute
C.express
D.a(chǎn)dmit
11.A.aware of
B.a(chǎn)fraid of
C.curious about
D.confused about
12.A.discuss
B.realize
C.judge
D.settle
13.A.family
B.life
C.career
D.education
14.A.so
B.or
C.but
D.for
15.A.proud
B.sure
C.hopeful
D.critical
16.A.face
B.create
C.solve
D.ignore
17.A.rarer
B.better
C.stranger
D.worse
18.A.at least
B.a(chǎn)t last
C.by far
D.so far
19.A.task
B.deal
C.result
D.duty
20.A.practice
B.speech
C.rest
D.pity
Cloze 2
(2024·新課標全國)As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this__1__at work in people of all__2__.For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about__3__with their new toys.But their__4__ soon wears off and by January those __5__ toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of __6__ stamp albums and unfinished models,each standing as a monument to someone’s __7__ interest.When parents bring home a pet,their child __8__ bathes it and brushes its fur.Within a short time,however,the __9__ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great __10__ but are soon looking forward to __11__.The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then,how many __12__,who now complain(抱怨)about the long drives to work,__13__ drove for hours at a time when they first__14__
their driver’s licenses(執(zhí)照)?Before people retire,they usually
__15__ to do a lot of __16__ things,which they never had __17__ to do while working.But __18__ after retirement,the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they __19__.And,like the child in January,they go searching for new __20__.
1.A.principle
B.habit
C.way
D.power
2.A.parties
B.races
C.countries
D.a(chǎn)ges
3.A.working
B.living
C.playing
D.going
4.A.confidence
B.interest
C.a(chǎn)nxiety
D.sorrow
5.A.same
B.extra
C.funny
D.expensive
6.A.well-organized
B.colorfully-printed
C.newly-collected
D.half-filled
7.A.broad
B.passing
C.different
D.main
8.A.silently
B.impatiently
C.gladly
D.worriedly
9.A.promise
B.burden
C.right
D.game
10.A.courage
B.calmness
C.confusion
D.excitement
11.A.graduation
B.independence
C.responsibility
D.success
12.A.children
B.students
C.a(chǎn)dults
D.retirees
13.A.carefully
B.eagerly
C.nervously
D.bravely
14.A.required
B.obtained
C.noticed
D.discovered
15.A.need
B.learn
C.start
D.plan
16.A.great
B.strange
C.difficult
D.correct
17.A.time
B.money
C.skills
D.knowledge
18.A.only
B.well
C.even
D.soon
19.A.lost
B.chose
C.left
D.quit
20.A.pets
B.toys
C.friends
D.colleagues Section 14 完形填空
議論文
【高考真題演練】
經(jīng)典高考真題
Cloze 1
【語篇導讀】 世界上最容易做的事情之一就是成為一個挑剔的人,但是,如果能改變一下的話,生活也許會是另外一個樣子。
1.B [考查形容詞辨析。如果能不忙著找別人的毛病,生活會十分棒。]
2.A [考查動詞辨析。幾年前,我收到了一封來自十七歲的Kerry的信。收到來信用receive, answer a letter回信;expect期待;預料;reject拒絕。]
3.C [考查動詞辨析。Kerry在信中描述自己是一個世界級的挑剔者,總是會受到別的事情的干擾。bother煩擾;操心;threat威脅;interrupt打斷;spoil溺愛。]
4.D [考查代詞。在Kerry看來,人們總是做一些讓她煩惱的事情,什么事都不夠好。只有nothing表示此處Kerry作為一個超級挑剔者的特點。]
5.B [考查形容詞辨析。Kerry不僅挑剔boring(令人厭煩的)人。]
6.A [考查名詞辨析。不幸的是,改變她的態(tài)度是以一場可怕的事故為代價的。measure丈量;衡量;explanation解釋。]
7.D [考查形容詞辨析。urgent緊急的;unnecessary不必要的;certain肯定的;impossible不可能的。]
8.C [考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上Kerry拜訪了她的朋友。]
9.D [考查名詞辨析。Kerry拜訪了她的朋友,不停地批評她朋友選擇男朋友(的問題)、她生活的方式問題、她和她父母相處的問題以及各種各樣她覺得她需要表達的問題。]
10.C [考查動詞辨析,解析見上題。]
11.A [考查形容詞短語的辨析。直到她朋友受了重傷之后,她才意識到自己的(亂挑剔)的習慣(可能會給別人帶來嚴become aware of意識到;be afraid of害怕;be curious about好奇;be confused about困惑。]
12.C [考查動詞辨析。從那之后,很快地,她開始學著欣賞生活而不是刻薄地去評判任何事。judge判斷,評判;discuss討論;realize意識到;settle解決。]
13.B [考查名詞辨析。她能夠把她的新的智慧也傳遞到她的生活中的其他部分。]
14.C [考查連詞。也許我們大部分人都不是很挑剔,但是誠實地說,我們可能會對這個世界十分的挑剔。此處表示轉折關系。]
15.D [考查形容詞辨析。critical對應本文的線索詞fault-finder。]
16.D [考查動詞辨析。發(fā)現(xiàn)了問題,我不是建議你去忽略這些問題?;蛘呒傺b這些事比他們事實上好。]
17.B [考查形
18.A [考查介詞短語辨析。但是要至少大部分時間學會允許這些事情的存在。]
19.B [考查名詞辨析。特別是不是什么大事的時候。big deal大事。]
20.A [考查名詞辨析。訓練自己“咬住自己的舌頭”,少說話,多這樣做,你會真的學會放手了。practice做法,實踐。]
Cloze 2
【語篇導讀】 文章講述了一旦我們的各種活動成為日常生活中必須做的事情時,無論哪個年齡段的人都會感到無聊而半途而廢了。
1.A [上文中提到了general rule。故principle與其意思相近,B.習慣;C.方式;D.力量,權力。均不合題意。故選A。]
2.D [根據(jù)后面提到了小孩和老人可知此處為不同年齡段的人。A.黨派;B.種族;C.國家。均不合題意。故選D。]
3.C [play with their new toys——玩新玩具,而A.“工作”;B.“生活”;C.“去”。均不合題意。故選C。]
4.B [孩子們對這些玩具的興趣越來越少。A.“自信”;C.“著急”;D.“悲傷”。均不合題意。故選B。]
5.A [到一月份可以發(fā)現(xiàn)那些一模一樣的玩具放在了地下室里。B.額外的;C.有趣的;D.昂貴的,均不合題意,故A。]
6.D [這個世界充滿了裝了一半的集郵冊和未完成的模型。A.組織有序的;B.彩印的;C.新收集的。均不合題意。故選D。]
7.B [每一個都是某人曾經(jīng)的興趣的紀念碑。A.寬闊的;C.不同的;D.主要的。均不合題意,故選B。]
8.C [當父母帶回家一只寵物,他們的孩子高興地給它洗澡,給它刷毛。A.安靜地;B.不耐心地;D.著急地。均不合題C。]
9.B [一小段時間后,照顧動物的負擔就交給父母了。A.承諾;C.權利;D.游戲。均不合題意,故選B。]
10.D [青少年剛入高中時很興奮。A.勇氣;B.鎮(zhèn)靜;C.困惑。均不合題意,故選D。]
11.A [但很快他們就盼著畢業(yè)。B.獨立;C.責任;D.成功。均不合題意。故選A。]
12.C A.孩子;B.學生;D.退休者。均不合題意。故選C。]
13.B [他們剛開始拿到駕照時多希望一次開上幾個小時。A.仔細地;C.緊張地;D.勇敢地。均不合題意,故選B。]
14.B [參考13題。A.需要;C.注意;D.發(fā)現(xiàn)。均不合題意,故選B。]
15.D [退休前人們經(jīng)常計劃著做很多偉大的事情。A.需要;B.學習;C.開始。均不合題意,故選D。]
16.A [參考15題。B.奇怪的;C.困難的;D.正確的。均不合題意,故選A。]
17.A [這些事情在工作時都沒有時間去做。B.錢;C.技能;D.知識。均不合題意,故選A。]