2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解指導(dǎo)課件:選擇文章標(biāo)題有三招(新人教版)
文章的標(biāo)題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式,其特點(diǎn)是: (1)概括性:短小精悍,言簡(jiǎn)意賅,多為一個(gè)名詞性短語(yǔ)。 (2)針對(duì)性:既能覆蓋全文,范圍又大小合適。 (3)醒目性:能吸引人的眼球,能引起閱讀欲望。 以下三招可幫助我們提高解題速度和增加準(zhǔn)確性。
選擇文章標(biāo)題有三招 1.用略讀法 跟解答主旨大意題相同,主要是略讀,即重點(diǎn)理解首尾段和各段的首尾句,迅速找出主題句,或根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自己歸納主旨要義,然后與各標(biāo)題對(duì)照,看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章主旨大意相符。 2.用寫(xiě)作法 先不看文章,瀏覽著各備選項(xiàng),逐一設(shè)想,如果我用這個(gè)標(biāo)題來(lái)寫(xiě)文章會(huì)寫(xiě)些什么內(nèi)容呢,并構(gòu)思結(jié)構(gòu)框架,然后快速瀏覽全文,對(duì)照自己原有設(shè)想,一一排除不符者。
3.研究備選項(xiàng) 研究備選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、各選項(xiàng)的修飾語(yǔ)及彼此差異、分析概括范圍等。看是否以偏概全,是否只是某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)等。逐一排除不符者。 實(shí)際解題過(guò)程中,是綜合以上三種方法的。
1. According to the passage, winners ________.
A. deal with problems rather than blame others B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives C. have responsible and able colleagues
D. blame themselves rather than others 即學(xué)即用 A 解析:A
歸納結(jié)論題。由第一段中的 “once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser”可知“贏家不應(yīng)責(zé)備別人”,由第一段中的 “focusing on how to remedy the situation”和第二段首句Winners are great at overcoming problems可知,“贏家是解決問(wèn)題”,第二段的舉例中有更明顯的話 “find ways of dealing with…rather than…”,故選A。
2. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________. A. avoid
B.
accept
C. improve
D. consider
解析:C 詞義猜測(cè)題。由上文“因a bad situation來(lái)責(zé)備某人或某事是失敗者”,而“改變 the situation是不可能的”,“然而你可以remedy the situation”,根據(jù)這三句的邏輯關(guān)系不難推出,remedy應(yīng)是“改善”之意。
C 3. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should_________. A. find a better way to handle the problem B. blame him for his lack of responsibility C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. ask a more able colleague for help 解析:A
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句if your colleague causes you problems… find ways of dealing with…可知。
A 4. When problems occur, winners take them as _____. A. excuses for their failures
B. barriers to greater power C. challenges to their colleagues
D. chances for self-development 解析:D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents可知。
D 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Winner’s Secret.
B. A Winner’s Problem. C. A Winner’s Opportunity.
D. A Winner’s Achievement. 解析:A
本題要求考生選出正確的標(biāo)題。 A [方法1] 正面肯定法。第一段最后一句說(shuō),“這”(贏家碰到問(wèn)題不是責(zé)怪別人,而是設(shè)法補(bǔ)救)就是贏家成功的秘密。第二、第三段第一句分別是這兩段的主題句,說(shuō)贏家擅長(zhǎng)于“克服問(wèn)題”,把問(wèn)題當(dāng)作挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇。文章中盡管多次出現(xiàn)“problem”一詞,但只是說(shuō)贏家怎樣對(duì)待“問(wèn)題”而成功,故選A。
[方法2]反面否定法。如果以“A Winner’s Problem ”為標(biāo)題寫(xiě)文章,那么全文應(yīng)主要涉及贏家會(huì)遇到哪些“問(wèn)題”,諸如社會(huì)的、心理的、專業(yè)的、身體的問(wèn)題等。如果以“A Winner’s Opportunity”為題做文章,則應(yīng)著墨于“機(jī)遇”對(duì)成功的影響,即文章需著重論述贏家與“機(jī)遇”的關(guān)系。如果以“A Winner’s Achievement”為題著文,則文中應(yīng)該談及贏家的“成就”。然而都不是,故不選B、C、D。
[方法3] 研究備選項(xiàng)本身。A中的“secret”一詞最吸引眼球,也最具概括力。故選A。 綜合多種思路,選A。 1.挑戰(zhàn)_____________
2.處理____________________
3.集中于____________ 4.培養(yǎng)才能______________________
5.使發(fā)生;引起_________________ 6.colleague____________
challenge handle(=deal with)
focus on develop one’s talents
bring about 同事 復(fù)記強(qiáng)化 7.irresponsibility____________ 8.opportunity____________
9.so-and-so____________ 10.break down____________
11.for lack of___________________
12.be all about____________________ 13.have power over ____________ 無(wú)責(zé)任感 機(jī)遇 某某人 發(fā)生故障 控制;支配 因沒(méi)有;因缺乏 把……當(dāng)作重點(diǎn)
文章的標(biāo)題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式,其特點(diǎn)是: (1)概括性:短小精悍,言簡(jiǎn)意賅,多為一個(gè)名詞性短語(yǔ)。 (2)針對(duì)性:既能覆蓋全文,范圍又大小合適。 (3)醒目性:能吸引人的眼球,能引起閱讀欲望。 以下三招可幫助我們提高解題速度和增加準(zhǔn)確性。
選擇文章標(biāo)題有三招 1.用略讀法 跟解答主旨大意題相同,主要是略讀,即重點(diǎn)理解首尾段和各段的首尾句,迅速找出主題句,或根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自己歸納主旨要義,然后與各標(biāo)題對(duì)照,看哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章主旨大意相符。 2.用寫(xiě)作法 先不看文章,瀏覽著各備選項(xiàng),逐一設(shè)想,如果我用這個(gè)標(biāo)題來(lái)寫(xiě)文章會(huì)寫(xiě)些什么內(nèi)容呢,并構(gòu)思結(jié)構(gòu)框架,然后快速瀏覽全文,對(duì)照自己原有設(shè)想,一一排除不符者。
3.研究備選項(xiàng) 研究備選項(xiàng)里面的中心詞、各選項(xiàng)的修飾語(yǔ)及彼此差異、分析概括范圍等??词欠褚云湃?,是否只是某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)等。逐一排除不符者。 實(shí)際解題過(guò)程中,是綜合以上三種方法的。
1. According to the passage, winners ________.
A. deal with problems rather than blame others B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives C. have responsible and able colleagues
D. blame themselves rather than others 即學(xué)即用 A 解析:A
歸納結(jié)論題。由第一段中的 “once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser”可知“贏家不應(yīng)責(zé)備別人”,由第一段中的 “focusing on how to remedy the situation”和第二段首句Winners are great at overcoming problems可知,“贏家是解決問(wèn)題”,第二段的舉例中有更明顯的話 “find ways of dealing with…rather than…”,故選A。
2. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________. A. avoid
B.
accept
C. improve
D. consider
解析:C 詞義猜測(cè)題。由上文“因a bad situation來(lái)責(zé)備某人或某事是失敗者”,而“改變 the situation是不可能的”,“然而你可以remedy the situation”,根據(jù)這三句的邏輯關(guān)系不難推出,remedy應(yīng)是“改善”之意。
C 3. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should_________. A. find a better way to handle the problem B. blame him for his lack of responsibility C. tell him to find the cause of the problem D. ask a more able colleague for help 解析:A
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句if your colleague causes you problems… find ways of dealing with…可知。
A 4. When problems occur, winners take them as _____. A. excuses for their failures
B. barriers to greater power C. challenges to their colleagues
D. chances for self-development 解析:D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段第三句They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents可知。
D 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Winner’s Secret.
B. A Winner’s Problem. C. A Winner’s Opportunity.
D. A Winner’s Achievement. 解析:A
本題要求考生選出正確的標(biāo)題。 A [方法1] 正面肯定法。第一段最后一句說(shuō),“這”(贏家碰到問(wèn)題不是責(zé)怪別人,而是設(shè)法補(bǔ)救)就是贏家成功的秘密。第二、第三段第一句分別是這兩段的主題句,說(shuō)贏家擅長(zhǎng)于“克服問(wèn)題”,把問(wèn)題當(dāng)作挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇。文章中盡管多次出現(xiàn)“problem”一詞,但只是說(shuō)贏家怎樣對(duì)待“問(wèn)題”而成功,故選A。
[方法2]反面否定法。如果以“A Winner’s Problem ”為標(biāo)題寫(xiě)文章,那么全文應(yīng)主要涉及贏家會(huì)遇到哪些“問(wèn)題”,諸如社會(huì)的、心理的、專業(yè)的、身體的問(wèn)題等。如果以“A Winner’s Opportunity”為題做文章,則應(yīng)著墨于“機(jī)遇”對(duì)成功的影響,即文章需著重論述贏家與“機(jī)遇”的關(guān)系。如果以“A Winner’s Achievement”為題著文,則文中應(yīng)該談及贏家的“成就”。然而都不是,故不選B、C、D。
[方法3] 研究備選項(xiàng)本身。A中的“secret”一詞最吸引眼球,也最具概括力。故選A。 綜合多種思路,選A。 1.挑戰(zhàn)_____________
2.處理____________________
3.集中于____________ 4.培養(yǎng)才能______________________
5.使發(fā)生;引起_________________ 6.colleague____________
challenge handle(=deal with)
focus on develop one’s talents
bring about 同事 復(fù)記強(qiáng)化 7.irresponsibility____________ 8.opportunity____________
9.so-and-so____________ 10.break down____________
11.for lack of___________________
12.be all about____________________ 13.have power over ____________ 無(wú)責(zé)任感 機(jī)遇 某某人 發(fā)生故障 控制;支配 因沒(méi)有;因缺乏 把……當(dāng)作重點(diǎn)