2024屆河北省衡水名校高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)撬題對點練：專題18 主旨大意題（含解析）
Passage 1
限時：6分鐘
體裁：記敘文 題材：社會生活類 難度：中詞數(shù)：264
At thirteen, I was diagnosed (診斷) with a kind of attention disorder.
It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not.
In my first literature class, Mrs Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are no different from your classmates, young man.”
I tried, but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home.
In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me.
It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots (點), which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.
Wasn't I the “blind” in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed， I was no different from others; I just needed a quieter place. If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up?
I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words：“See what you can do when you keep trying？”
作者講述了自己克服閱讀障礙，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個新的自己的經(jīng)歷。
1．The author didn't finish the reading in class because ________.
A．he was new to the class
B．he was tired of literature
C．he had an attention disorder
D．he wanted to take the task home
答案 C [細節(jié)理解題。第一段作者就談到他有注意力障礙，第二段的尾句說明作者認為自己的身體狀況使他不能完成老師布置的任務(wù)。]
2．What do we know about Louis Braille from the passage?
A．He had good sight.
B．He made a great invention.
C．He gave up reading.
D．He learned a lot from school.
答案 B [細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段的“he invented a reading system of raised dots(點)”可知，Louis Braille為盲人發(fā)明了一種非常有用的閱讀體系。]
3．What was Mrs Smith's attitude to the author at the end of the story?
A．Angry.
B．Impatient.
C．Sympathetic.
D．Encouraging.
答案 D [細節(jié)理解題。文章尾段作者的老師Mrs Smith寫道“See what you can do when you keep trying？”說明了這位老師對作者的肯定，她在鼓勵作者繼續(xù)努力。]
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The disabled should be treated with respect.
B．A teacher can open up a new world to students.
C．One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.
D．Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges.
答案 C [主旨大意題。作者在文中講述了自己經(jīng)過努力，終于完成了任務(wù)的經(jīng)歷。由這件事可以看出，只要努力克服困難就能夠成功。]
1．a(chǎn)ttention n. 注意，注意力
2．literature n. 文學(xué)
3．invent v. 發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造
4．indeed adv. 事實上，真正地，的確
1．glance at 匆匆一瞥
2．spill out 溢出，灑出
3．hand in 上交
原文：Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.(非限制性定語從句)
譯文：相反地，他發(fā)明了一種凸點閱讀系統(tǒng)，這給盲人開創(chuàng)了一個完全嶄新的知識世界。
仿寫：Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.
他們上周日到達南京，有個會議要在那里舉行。
Passage 2
限時：6分鐘
體裁：說明文 題材：食物文化類 難度：難詞數(shù)：289
Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (農(nóng)村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (時刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (興旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (預(yù)示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
在特殊的場合提供食物有著不同的含義，本文介紹了不同的食物文化。
1．According to the passage, sharing bread ________.
A．indicates a lack of food
B．can help to develop unity
C．is a custom unique to rural areas
D．has its roots in birthday celebrations
答案 B [細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.”一句可知，分享面包可以促進團結(jié)及信任。]
2．What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A．Trust.
B．Success.
C．Health.
D．Togetherness.
答案 B [細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“A coin is put into the cake, which signifies success in the New Year for the person who receives it.”可知答案。]
3．The author explains the role of food in celebrations by ________.
A．using examples
B．making comparisons
C．a(chǎn)nalyzing causes
D．describing processes
答案 A [細節(jié)理解題。文章二、三、四段說明了在慶?；顒又蟹窒硎澄锏牟煌幕?，作者使用的是舉例的寫作手法。]
★4.What is the passage mainly about?
A．The custom of sharing food.
B．The specific meaning of food.
C．The role of food in ceremonies.
D．The importance of food in culture.
答案 D [細節(jié)理解題。本文重點說明了食物在不同文化中的重要性，故D項全面地概括了文章的主旨。]
1．fundamental adj. 基礎(chǔ)的
2．tradition n. 傳統(tǒng)
3．celebration n. 慶祝，慶典
4．particular adj. 特別的，特殊的
5．symbol n. 象征
1．serve as 作為，充當
2．play a role in... 在……中扮演角色
原文：Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (時刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness.(whether...or...的用法)
譯文：無論是在特殊時刻，還是在家庭的餐桌上，分享面包都是一種關(guān)于和睦的常見象征。
仿寫：You can go there whether by bus or by taxi.
你既可以坐公交又可以打的去那兒。
Passage 3限時：7.5分鐘
體裁：說明文 題材：健康類 難度：中詞數(shù)：363
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain (保持) a healthy lifestyle. Group exercise is challenging， yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body. However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins (內(nèi)啡肽), and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (監(jiān)管) of a fitness instructor. If you're tired
of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track. Don't let fitness frighten you!
If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.
本文介紹了集體鍛煉對健康的好處。作者建議如果你希望有健康的生活方式，最好是有一群積極向上的人在你身邊一起進行集體鍛煉。
★1.The first paragraph focuses on________.
A．the greatest challenge of group exercise
B．the most effective way to improve physical fitness
C．the contribution of group exercise to psychological health
D．the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups
答案 C [主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“...studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for physiological health.”可知，本段側(cè)重介紹集體鍛煉對心理健康的好處。]
2．The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．
A．cheerful
B．a(chǎn)verage
C．serious
D．temporary
答案 A [詞義猜測題。畫線詞前面提到在健身房鍛煉受到打擊，感覺失落，所以作者建議參加積極樂觀的小組去鍛煉?？芍狝正確。]
3．When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary________.
A．to sustain a colorful lifestyle
B．to party on weekends with positive people
C．to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
D．to surround yourself with supportive people
答案 D [細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.”可知D正確。]
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Seeking Support
B．Supporting Health
C．Improving Your Strength
D．Building Up Fitness
答案 B [主旨大意題。全文是對健康生活方式的研究和建議，可知最好的標題是B。]
1．effective adj. 有效的
2．challenging adj. 有挑戰(zhàn)性的
3．beneficial adj. 有益的
4．opportunity n. 機會
1．be good for 對……有益
2．surround sb. with... 用……包圍/圍繞著某人
3．provide sb. with sth. 給某人提供……
原文：If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support.(it作形式主語)
譯文：如果你特別想有健康的生活方式，那么你周圍有一些能提供給你情感支持的人是非常重要的。
仿寫：It is not a good habit to_stay_up too late.
熬夜到很晚不是一個好習(xí)慣。
Passage 4限時：8分鐘
體裁：夾敘夾議文 題材：人物心理類 難度：難詞數(shù)：338
You may have been told before not to be afraid of anything. Fear is often associated with weakness. Fear is something to be avoided. But that's not true, according to Time For Kids magazine. Fear can be good for us. Fear tells us about danger. Without fear,
we wouldn't know to run away from a tiger or step back from a cliff (懸崖)．
In a study published in the Justice Quarterly journal in August, researchers from Michigan State University said that a healthy fear of crime keeps teenagers away from potentially dangerous people, places, and activities. Fear makes us jump, scream and sweat. But interestingly, sometimes we make ourselves feel fear on purpose. Think about scary books and movies, and also the long lines for a scary roller coaster ride (過山車)．
Margee Kerr, a US sociologist, explained why to Time For Kids. Fear fills our brain with healthy chemicals， especially endorphins and dopamine, and these things create feelings of happiness and excite us, according to Kerr. In addition, when you're scared， your body produces a chemical which helps people bond_with each other.
“Watch people walking out of a haunted house (鬼屋), and you'll see lots of smiles and high fives (擊掌)，”
Kerr told Time For Kids. That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to build up team spirit. People experience and deal with fear in different ways. If you happen to be a “coward” who gets scared easily, don't worry. There is some evidence that being scared can help a person manage stressful situations.
Kerr said that things like giving a report in front of your class or performing in a school play help build a sort of endurance (忍耐力) to fear that makes us more confident. “You become more
comfortable with the physical experience of fear, and so you're better able to work through it during tense situations，” said Kerr.
So learn to love your fear. It only grows when we forget how helpful our fear is trying to be.
本文主要講述了人們?yōu)楹螘a(chǎn)生恐懼。它告訴我們，恐懼有時會幫助我們成功解決環(huán)境的壓力，所以我們要學(xué)會愛上自己的恐懼，把不利轉(zhuǎn)化為有利。
★1.What's the best title for the passage?
A．Ways to Build up Team Spirit
B．Fear, a Sign of Weakness
C．Love Your Fear
D．Different Ways to Deal With Fear
答案 C [主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是最后一段，可以看出作者的觀點是人應(yīng)該先愛上自己的恐慌，然后坦然面對。故選C。]
