2024屆廣東省廣州市天河中學(xué)高考英語語法一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識點精講：主謂一致01（含答案）
主謂一致
主謂一致（concord），是指主語和謂語動詞要保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致。英語中動詞be的變化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。主語I一定要用am的動詞形式，這就叫“主謂一致”。 ?一、?主謂一致的三個原則
主謂一致涉及三個基本原則，即語法一致原則（principle of grammatical concord）、意義一致原則（principle of notional concord）和就近原則（principle of proximity）。
A.?語法一致
語法一致是指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系，主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ? My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想與我一起度假。 ? My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。B.?意義一致
意義一致是說謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達的概念，而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記。
1. 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一對這本書感興趣的人好像是律師。 ? The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多數(shù)小學(xué)老師都是女的。 ? 2. 主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 ? No news is good news.? 沒有消息就是好消息。 ? Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越來越受歡迎。C.?就近原則
就近原則是指當(dāng)主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。 ? There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. 餐廳中央有一張方桌和幾把椅子。 ? Either your students or William knows this. 不是你的學(xué)生就是威廉知道這件事。 ? 注意： ? 一般說來，究竟何時采用何種原則，應(yīng)視英語習(xí)慣用法而定。但在實際使用中，如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定，遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法。 ? 二、?并列主語的主謂一致
A.?由and 連接的并列主語
1. 用and（或both... and）連接并列主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 榔頭和鋸子都是有用的工具。 ? Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years. 這幾年工農(nóng)業(yè)大大地發(fā)展了。 ? ①當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞是指組合到一起的一件完整的或成套的東西，或表示同一個人或一種概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 ? The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.? 這位教師兼作家正在會上發(fā)言。 ? A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 針線給了她，但她不會把鈕扣縫起來。（a needle and thread 作為同一件東西對待） ? Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個好習(xí)慣。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念） ? Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他經(jīng)常以黃油面包當(dāng)早餐。 ? A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠方看見一輛馬車。 ? 必背： ? 英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有： ? iron and steel 鋼鐵 ? law and order 治安 ? bread and butter 黃油面包 ? a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 ? a knife and fork刀叉 ? a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣 ? aim and end 目的 ? truth and honesty 真誠2. 一個名詞為幾個并列形容詞所修飾時，這時主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系一般遵循語法一致的原則。 ? Clever and slow students are treated alike. 聰明的和遲鈍的學(xué)生都受到相同的對待。 ? A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 昨天在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)一只黑白色的小花貓。 ? 比較： ? A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 一只黑狗和一只白狗正在院子里玩。（兩只狗） ? A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 一只黑白花狗正在院子里玩。(一只狗)
3．在each... and each ..., every...and every..., no...and no...等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 ? Each boy and each girl has an apple. 每個男孩和女孩都有蘋果。 ? Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小時，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。 ? No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island. 荒島上既看不到鳥也看不到野獸。
4. 帶有并列動詞的what從句作主語時，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定動詞的數(shù)。 ? What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。（具體指他說的話和他做的事） ? What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行與我無關(guān)。（泛指他的為人）5．在某些成語中，一些并列主語用and相連時，其后謂語用單數(shù)形式。 ? All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也會變傻。 ? Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聰慧。B.?以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作并列主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。
Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. 他和我今天都不愿去購物。 ? --Are either you or he to go there --是你還是他將去那里？ ? --Neither is. --一個也不去。 ? Not only the Writer brothers but also their father was there. 不只是萊特兄弟在那里，連他們的父親也在。 ? Not the students but their teatrers but also their father was there. ? 被邀請去參加晚會的不是學(xué)生（們），而是他們的老師。
C．主語后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定，也就是說，謂語動詞的數(shù)不受這些詞組的影響。 ? The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 這位老師和學(xué)生們一起在圖書館閱讀。 ? The students as well as the teacher were reading in the library. 學(xué)生們和這位老師一起在圖書館閱讀。 ? The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由經(jīng)理而不是工人們來承擔(dān)。 ? Nobody but three policemen was on the spot. 當(dāng)時只有三個警察在現(xiàn)場。三、?單一主語的主謂一致
單數(shù)的主語跟單數(shù)的動詞，復(fù)數(shù)的主語跟復(fù)數(shù)的動詞，這是符合語法一致的原則。但在實際運用中，往往會出現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜的情況：
A．?形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語
形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語（即形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)），按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 許多學(xué)科名稱，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名詞作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)。 ? Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每個學(xué)生的必修科目。 ? News is traveling fast nowadays. 當(dāng)今資訊傳播得很快。
2. 用作國名、組織機構(gòu)、書名、報刊名等復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體對待，謂語用單數(shù)。 ? The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 聯(lián)合國通過了解除對伊制裁的決定。 ? The Times reports the news of the strike. 時代雜志報導(dǎo)了罷工的消息。 ? Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《遠大前程》是狄更斯于1860年寫的。 ? 注意： ? 如果山脈、群島、瀑布等名稱作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美國和加拿大兩國之間。 ? The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律賓群島在中國東南太平洋西部。 ? The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。
3. 一些形復(fù)意單的名詞，包括有成雙成套部分的衣物或工具名稱，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的藍褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。 ? His glasses are new. 他的眼鏡是新的。 ? 注意： ? 這些名詞如用a pair of 修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 ? The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。 ? The pair of shoes is under the bed. 這雙鞋在床下。4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；用作復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。 ? The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. 這家玻璃廠建于1986年。 ? The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。 ? This species of rose is very rare. 這種玫瑰很稀有。 ? The species of fish are numerous. 魚的種類很多。 ? Sheep are raised for wool. 養(yǎng)羊是為了剪毛。 ? There is a sheep under the tree. 樹下有一只綿羊。 ? 比較： ? 當(dāng)這類名詞前有a, such a, this, that, every修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一種方法都試過了卻沒什么結(jié)果。 ? All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都試過了卻沒什么結(jié)果。 B．?集合名詞作主語
集合名詞表示有若干個體組成的集合體，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等。
1. 集合名詞作主語時，若表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，若表示構(gòu)成該集合體的成員，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。 ? But the man's family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。 ? One third of the population here are workers. 這里人口中有三分之一是工人。 ? The population of the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增長。
2. 有些集合名詞，如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，即所謂的“形單意復(fù)”。 ? The police have caught the thief. 警察已經(jīng)抓住了小偷。 ? The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。 ? Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 現(xiàn)在的年輕人和20年前大不一樣。 ? Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人從不知足。 ? 比較： ? 幾組集合名詞作主語的句子。 ? The team is well organized. 這個隊組織得很好。 ? The team are all tough players. 這個隊的隊員都很強壯。 ? All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興地跳了起來。 ? The class is made up of 54 students. 這班由54名學(xué)生組成。 ? The young couple is happy. 這對年輕夫婦很幸福。 ? The young couple are quarrelling with each other. 這對年輕夫婦正在吵架。 ? The village is at the foot of the mountain. 這個村子在山腳下。 ? All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出來歡迎他。3．有些無生命（表示物）的集合名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 ? All the furniture in my room is new. 我房間里的家具都是新的。 ? Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的氣候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。 ? The machinery is driven by electricity. 這些機器是由電力驅(qū)動的。 ? Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已經(jīng)運到了嗎？ ? A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 這里需要大量徒步旅行的裝備。
主謂一致
主謂一致（concord），是指主語和謂語動詞要保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致。英語中動詞be的變化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。主語I一定要用am的動詞形式，這就叫“主謂一致”。 ?一、?主謂一致的三個原則
主謂一致涉及三個基本原則，即語法一致原則（principle of grammatical concord）、意義一致原則（principle of notional concord）和就近原則（principle of proximity）。
A.?語法一致
語法一致是指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系，主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 ? My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想與我一起度假。 ? My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。B.?意義一致
意義一致是說謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達的概念，而不取決于表面上的語法標(biāo)記。
1. 主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The only people who are interested in the book seem to be lawyers. 唯一對這本書感興趣的人好像是律師。 ? The majority of primary school teachers are women. 大多數(shù)小學(xué)老師都是女的。 ? 2. 主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 ? No news is good news.? 沒有消息就是好消息。 ? Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越來越受歡迎。C.?就近原則
就近原則是指當(dāng)主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。 ? There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. 餐廳中央有一張方桌和幾把椅子。 ? Either your students or William knows this. 不是你的學(xué)生就是威廉知道這件事。 ? 注意： ? 一般說來，究竟何時采用何種原則，應(yīng)視英語習(xí)慣用法而定。但在實際使用中，如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定，遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法。 ? 二、?并列主語的主謂一致
A.?由and 連接的并列主語
1. 用and（或both... and）連接并列主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 榔頭和鋸子都是有用的工具。 ? Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years. 這幾年工農(nóng)業(yè)大大地發(fā)展了。 ? ①當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞是指組合到一起的一件完整的或成套的東西，或表示同一個人或一種概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。 ? The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.? 這位教師兼作家正在會上發(fā)言。 ? A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 針線給了她，但她不會把鈕扣縫起來。（a needle and thread 作為同一件東西對待） ? Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個好習(xí)慣。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念） ? Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他經(jīng)常以黃油面包當(dāng)早餐。 ? A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 遠方看見一輛馬車。 ? 必背： ? 英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有： ? iron and steel 鋼鐵 ? law and order 治安 ? bread and butter 黃油面包 ? a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表 ? a knife and fork刀叉 ? a coat and tie配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣 ? aim and end 目的 ? truth and honesty 真誠2. 一個名詞為幾個并列形容詞所修飾時，這時主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系一般遵循語法一致的原則。 ? Clever and slow students are treated alike. 聰明的和遲鈍的學(xué)生都受到相同的對待。 ? A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 昨天在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)一只黑白色的小花貓。 ? 比較： ? A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 一只黑狗和一只白狗正在院子里玩。（兩只狗） ? A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 一只黑白花狗正在院子里玩。(一只狗)
3．在each... and each ..., every...and every..., no...and no...等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 ? Each boy and each girl has an apple. 每個男孩和女孩都有蘋果。 ? Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小時，每一分鐘，都很寶貴。 ? No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island. 荒島上既看不到鳥也看不到野獸。
4. 帶有并列動詞的what從句作主語時，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定動詞的數(shù)。 ? What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。（具體指他說的話和他做的事） ? What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行與我無關(guān)。（泛指他的為人）5．在某些成語中，一些并列主語用and相連時，其后謂語用單數(shù)形式。 ? All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聰明的孩子也會變傻。 ? Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聰慧。B.?以or, either...or, neither...nor, not...but, not only...but also等連接的名詞（代詞）作并列主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。
Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. 他和我今天都不愿去購物。 ? --Are either you or he to go there --是你還是他將去那里？ ? --Neither is. --一個也不去。 ? Not only the Writer brothers but also their father was there. 不只是萊特兄弟在那里，連他們的父親也在。 ? Not the students but their teatrers but also their father was there. ? 被邀請去參加晚會的不是學(xué)生（們），而是他們的老師。
C．主語后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定，也就是說，謂語動詞的數(shù)不受這些詞組的影響。 ? The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 這位老師和學(xué)生們一起在圖書館閱讀。 ? The students as well as the teacher were reading in the library. 學(xué)生們和這位老師一起在圖書館閱讀。 ? The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由經(jīng)理而不是工人們來承擔(dān)。 ? Nobody but three policemen was on the spot. 當(dāng)時只有三個警察在現(xiàn)場。三、?單一主語的主謂一致
單數(shù)的主語跟單數(shù)的動詞，復(fù)數(shù)的主語跟復(fù)數(shù)的動詞，這是符合語法一致的原則。但在實際運用中，往往會出現(xiàn)較為復(fù)雜的情況：
A．?形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語
形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語（即形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)），按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 許多學(xué)科名稱，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名詞作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)。 ? Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每個學(xué)生的必修科目。 ? News is traveling fast nowadays. 當(dāng)今資訊傳播得很快。
2. 用作國名、組織機構(gòu)、書名、報刊名等復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體對待，謂語用單數(shù)。 ? The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 聯(lián)合國通過了解除對伊制裁的決定。 ? The Times reports the news of the strike. 時代雜志報導(dǎo)了罷工的消息。 ? Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《遠大前程》是狄更斯于1860年寫的。 ? 注意： ? 如果山脈、群島、瀑布等名稱作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美國和加拿大兩國之間。 ? The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律賓群島在中國東南太平洋西部。 ? The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。
3. 一些形復(fù)意單的名詞，包括有成雙成套部分的衣物或工具名稱，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的藍褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。 ? His glasses are new. 他的眼鏡是新的。 ? 注意： ? 這些名詞如用a pair of 修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 ? The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。 ? The pair of shoes is under the bed. 這雙鞋在床下。4. 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；用作復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。 ? The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. 這家玻璃廠建于1986年。 ? The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。 ? This species of rose is very rare. 這種玫瑰很稀有。 ? The species of fish are numerous. 魚的種類很多。 ? Sheep are raised for wool. 養(yǎng)羊是為了剪毛。 ? There is a sheep under the tree. 樹下有一只綿羊。 ? 比較： ? 當(dāng)這類名詞前有a, such a, this, that, every修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一種方法都試過了卻沒什么結(jié)果。 ? All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都試過了卻沒什么結(jié)果。 B．?集合名詞作主語
集合名詞表示有若干個體組成的集合體，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等。
1. 集合名詞作主語時，若表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，若表示構(gòu)成該集合體的成員，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 ? His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。 ? But the man's family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。 ? One third of the population here are workers. 這里人口中有三分之一是工人。 ? The population of the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增長。
2. 有些集合名詞，如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，即所謂的“形單意復(fù)”。 ? The police have caught the thief. 警察已經(jīng)抓住了小偷。 ? The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。 ? Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 現(xiàn)在的年輕人和20年前大不一樣。 ? Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人從不知足。 ? 比較： ? 幾組集合名詞作主語的句子。 ? The team is well organized. 這個隊組織得很好。 ? The team are all tough players. 這個隊的隊員都很強壯。 ? All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興地跳了起來。 ? The class is made up of 54 students. 這班由54名學(xué)生組成。 ? The young couple is happy. 這對年輕夫婦很幸福。 ? The young couple are quarrelling with each other. 這對年輕夫婦正在吵架。 ? The village is at the foot of the mountain. 這個村子在山腳下。 ? All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出來歡迎他。3．有些無生命（表示物）的集合名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 ? All the furniture in my room is new. 我房間里的家具都是新的。 ? Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的氣候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。 ? The machinery is driven by electricity. 這些機器是由電力驅(qū)動的。 ? Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已經(jīng)運到了嗎？ ? A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 這里需要大量徒步旅行的裝備。
