重慶市北大附中重慶實驗學(xué)校高三英語《高考英語語法：形容詞和副詞》課件
副詞的比較等級和使用 1. 副詞等級的構(gòu)成和使用與形容詞的情況基本相同。 2. 副詞的比較等級的一些特殊用法。
1）had better/ had best do sty:
We’d better not disturb him. I had best fax them our plans.
2) to know better than (to) do something: 懂得不宜作某事：
He knew better than to mention this to her.
3)
to think better (of) sth: 改變主意/決定不這樣做：
He used to be a racial and thought better of it.
形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要
1 1. more / less 短語
1) more than 超過/很/十分/不僅僅
He can’t be more than thirty.
She was more than pleased.
She has been away for more than a year.
no more than （=only, 所指數(shù)目具體)：
He spent no more than 3 dollars for the book.(He did spend 3
dollars)
not more than (=at most, 所指數(shù)目不具體)：
There are not more than 20 rooms. (There are 2 or 3 less than 20)
2) more… than 更多…而不是…
There is more war movie than a western (movie).
是戰(zhàn)爭片而不是西部片。
3) more and more 越來越
The story gets more and more exciting. 形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要
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4) the more… the more 越…越…
The warmer the weather, the better I feel. 5) less than 不到…, 不太…:
I bought it for less than a dollar.
6) no less than 多達，不少于 :Its population is no less than two
million. 7) more or less 大約, 整體上：The work is more or less finished. 2.
worth
1) to be worth+表示價格/價值的詞語：
to be worth $400/much/ the price/ what you paid for it 2) to be worth doing (=to be done): Is this play worth seeing? 3.
a good/great many（=a good few + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞）：
I’ve been there a good/great many times. 形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要
3 4. to be + adj. + to/for sb
to be important to/for sb
to be necessary to/for sb
to be useful to/for sb
to be harmful to/for sb
to be harmless to/for
to be natural to sb (某人天生的)
to be unknown to sb
to be helpful to sb
to be valuable to
5. to be sorry
1) to be sorry, but ….
2) to be sorry that …. 3) to be sorry to do sth…
4) to be/feel sorry for/about sb/sth 6. to be afraid 1) to be afraid to do sth
2) to be afraid of doing sth/sth/sb 7. adj.+and+adj.=adv. good and cold= very cold
rare and hungry= very hungry
nice and tired= very tired
形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要
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8. most= very: He is a most(=very) proud man
most (very) thankful
9. very, adj. 一樣的；同一的：the very question she asked yesterday 10. seldom=hardly ever/ rarely:
11. happily for sb (sb is lucky） 12. some time/ sometime/sometimes 13. one day ( used in past or future)/ some day (used in future) 14. the other day (used in past) /some other day (used in future) 15. every day (adv.) /everyday (adj.) 16. would/had/’d rather
1) would/’d rather sb did/had done sty:
I would rather you went home now。 (present time)
I would rather you had stayed with us yesterday. (past time) 形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要
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2) would/’d rather do A than do B
(不做B，做A)
3) would/’d rather not do A than do B
(不做A，做B) 17. pretty (=very/ fairly/ rather) 18. rather/fairly 1)
rather bad/stupid/poor/cold/hot
加強語義，表示“過于”：
This is a rather easy question. (過于容易）
It’s rather warm today. (perhaps too warm)
2）fairly good/ nice/brave/warm/cool
減弱語義，表示“相當(dāng)”：
It’s fairly warm today. (=pleasantly warm)
3）rather/too + adj. + for + n.:
He is rather tall for his age.
He is too thin for his height. 形容詞和副詞及其短語用法舉要
6 19. quite
1)
not very: The book is quite long.
2)
completely/very: The story is quite wrong.
3)
(showing “understand”/ “agree” ）--- I feel we shouldn’t spend
more than $20.
--- Quite.
試題與思路(形容詞和副詞) 1. Tony is going camping with ___ . A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
2. Which do you think tastes ___, the chicken or fish? A. well
B. good
C. better
D. best
3. The sun is ___ brighter than the moon. A. many
B. more
C. so
D. much
4. He never spent a ___ day. A. more worried
B. more worrying
C. most worried
D. most worrying 高中英語總復(fù)習(xí) 形 容 詞 和 副 詞
形容詞/限定詞/和副詞—功能各異 1. 形容詞和副詞
從構(gòu)詞角度來看，許多的副詞是由形容詞加后綴派生而來，更有一些副詞和同義形容詞同形。這對于學(xué)習(xí)和使用這兩種詞 類有很大的便利。而從功能的角度來看，它們的差別又很大，并且還有一些交叉，要注意區(qū)分。 2. 形容詞和限定詞
上述的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別，也存在于形容詞和限定詞之間，
要注意區(qū)分。
1) 形容詞修飾名詞：擴大內(nèi)涵、縮小外涵，加以分類：
big dog– some are big, some not
2) 限定詞修飾名詞：只具有限定作用，使名詞具有語法意義: this dog
形容詞的類別--按含義分類
按含義分類 1. 品質(zhì)形容詞
表示人或事物的品質(zhì)。通常能用于比較級，數(shù)量很大。
如：active, big, dear等。 2. 類屬形容詞
表示人或事物的類別歸屬。通常不能用于比較級。
如： agricultural, basic, daily等。 3. 強調(diào)形容詞
是一種“強意詞”，即用于加強或減弱語義的詞，起強調(diào)
作用 ，數(shù)量不多。
如：real,complete, perfect, pure, total, true等。 4. 顏色形容詞
表示顏色。
如：blue, red, purple等。
形容詞的類別--按結(jié)構(gòu)分類
1 按結(jié)構(gòu)分類 1.
單一形容詞
許多形容詞是單一的詞。 2.
–ing形容詞 即詞尾是ing的形容詞。
1）由及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，其中許多是品質(zhì)形容詞，有時能用于最高級, 如：most disappointing， most exciting等。
2）由不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，不能用于比較級，而且只能做定語，如existing, rising等。
3）加有短小副詞前綴的由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞，
如：ongoing, outstanding, incoming等。
4）與動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞無關(guān)的ing結(jié)尾的形容詞，如：neighbouring。
形容詞的類別--按結(jié)構(gòu)分類
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3. –ed形容詞 即詞尾是ed的形容詞。
1）由及物動詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來。
A. 多為品質(zhì)形容詞，具有被動含義，如：amused, bored, 等。
B. 有些是類屬形容詞，不能用于比較級，如：required, infected armed, fixed, cooked等。
2）由不及物動詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來，不能用于比較級，而且只能做定語，如existed等。
3）加有副詞前綴的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化來的形容詞， 如：well-equipped, powerfully-built, highly-developed等。
4) 與過去分詞無關(guān)的ed結(jié)尾的形容詞，如：beloved。
5)
名詞+ed構(gòu)成的形容詞，如：winged, flowered, salaried等。 此外，
形容詞的類別--按結(jié)構(gòu)分類
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4. 復(fù)合形容詞
1）形容詞-名詞ed：soft-hearted
narrow-minded
2)
副詞-過去分詞：low-paid
poorly-written
3)
形容詞-現(xiàn)在分詞：nice-looking
fine-sounding
4)
副詞-現(xiàn)在分詞：hard-working
long-standing
5)
名詞-現(xiàn)在分詞：labour-saving
heart-breaking
6)
形容詞-名詞：white-collar
full-time
7)
名詞-過去分詞：tree-lined
road
8)
名詞-形容詞：duty-fee shop
9)
過去分詞-副詞：cast-off shoes
10)
副詞-副詞：all-out attempt
11)
動詞-副詞：take-home pay
12)
數(shù)詞-名詞：two-piece suit
還有由短語、短句轉(zhuǎn)化而成的三個詞或更多的詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞：heart-to-heart talk
out-of-the-way place (a lonely place) 形容詞的類別--按作用分類
4 1. 表語形容詞 只用作表語的形容詞/在一定的結(jié)構(gòu)中用作表語的形容詞
這類詞有些也可以做定語，但意義不同(如ill,ready等) 1)
a-為字首的形容詞：afraid, asleep, alive, alone, ashamed等 2)
其它字母為首的形容詞：content, due, glad, likely, ready, sorry等 3）表示身體健康的形容詞：ill, well, unwell, faint等 4）后接to的形容詞組：devoted to, close to, next to, near to等 5）后接of的形容詞組：aware of, full of, fond of, capable of 等 6）后接其它介詞的形容詞組：responsible for, dependent on, lacking in等
7)
后接其它不定式或that從句的形容詞組。
A. 接其它不定式: liable to do…, fit to be ….
B. 接that從句: confident that …., happy that….
形容詞的類別--按作用分類
5 2. 定語形容詞 只用作定語的形容詞。
1)
全部強調(diào)形容詞：total, pure, real, true等。
2)
多數(shù)顏色形容詞。
3）大量類屬形容詞：east, west, indoor, outdoor, woolen等。
4）個別表語形容詞
A. sure: a sure thing
B. glad: glad news
C. sorry: sorry one
D. fond: fond hopes
E. ill: ill comments
F. ready: ready answer 3. 補語形容詞
賓語補語在本質(zhì)上是表語，所以表語形容詞均可做補語：
I found her ill.
I hope to see you well soon. 4. 狀語形容詞
狀語形容詞通常引導(dǎo)一個短語，在本質(zhì)上是表語，實際上是一個省略了主語和系詞的句子。
She grasped my hands, unable to say anything. 形容詞的類別--按作用分類
6 5. 同位語形容詞
某些形容詞可做同位語.
1)
類似后置定語:
He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and English.
2)
類似表語:
I found Jim, unconscious, a few hours later. 6. 名詞化形容詞
1）the+形容詞。
A. 表示一類人：the poor
the lazy
the well-to-do
the dead
B. 表示一類事物：the difficult
the impossible
the unexpected
C. 表示一類品質(zhì)：the new
the old
2) 介詞+ 形容詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組：
from bad to worse
for sure
for certain
for free
for short
in short
in general
in full
at least
at most
at best
形容詞的位置
1 1. 形容詞做定語的位置。
1）前置
2）后置
A. 部分形容詞通常后置：
sum total
governor general
president elect
B. 部分形容詞前置、后置意義相同：
every way possible/
possible explanation
something missing/
missing child
C. 部分形容詞前置、后置意義不同：
people present/ present feeling
D. 以-thing結(jié)尾的不定代詞的形容詞總后置：
something wrong
nothing important
E. 狀語形容詞可視具體情況前置、后置或插在句中。 形容詞的位置
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3）多個形容詞做定語時的順序。
A. 冠詞
品質(zhì)形容詞
顏色形容詞
類別形容詞
名詞：
a little white wooden house
a
small yellow wooden table
B. 冠詞 大小/年齡形容詞 顏色形容詞
國家類別形容詞
分詞 名詞：
a beautiful old red French handmade cupboard
a handy little home-made calculator
形容詞的等級比較
1 1.
形容詞等級的構(gòu)成
1）改變詞尾 用于單音節(jié)詞和以-y/-ow/-er/-te結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞。閉音節(jié)詞要雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母。比較級加-er, 最高級加-est。
2）加副詞
上述類別以外的加副詞more構(gòu)成比較級，加副詞most構(gòu)成最高級。
3）不規(guī)則變化
good/well
better
best
bad
worse
worst
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest 形容詞的等級比較
2 2. 形容詞等級的用法
1) 比較級
用于二者之間的比較。 A. 用于than比較結(jié)構(gòu)：bigger than…
more exciting than…
worse
than usual….
