高三英語二輪 三輪總復(fù)習(xí)重點突破 第一節(jié) 名詞、冠詞、代詞和主謂一致考點分類突破 課件

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高三英語二輪 三輪總復(fù)習(xí)重點突破 第一節(jié) 名詞、冠詞、代詞和主謂一致考點分類突破 課件

 ?、轪 great/good deal (of), a little, quite a little, a large amount (of)等修飾不可數(shù)名詞的短語作主語或其修飾的名詞作主語,謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。 A great deal of time was wasted playing but ought to have been fully used. 很多在玩耍中浪費掉了的時間本應(yīng)好好利用的。 ⑦“more than one/many a+單數(shù)名詞”盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù),但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式,謂語也須用單數(shù)以符合語法一致的原則。但在“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。 More than one person was injured in the accident. 不止一人在這次事故中受傷。 More members than one are against the proposal. 反對這項提議的會員不止一個。 ⑧one or two后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在“a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語動詞卻常用單數(shù)形式。 One or two days are enough for this work. 干這活一兩天就夠了。 A day or two is enough for this work. 干這活一兩天就夠了。 ⑨t(yī)he rest (of...), the remaining, part (of...), one half (of...)等詞或短語和它們所修飾的名詞或代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)主語所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 Part of his story was not true. 他講的故事有一部分不是真的。 Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada. 我們學(xué)校一部分外籍教師來自加拿大。 ⑩當(dāng)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,一般也應(yīng)根據(jù)of后名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?!皁ne and a half+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。一般情況下,表示“幾分之幾”的“one in+數(shù)詞(+名詞)”作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 This is because two thirds of the earth's surface is made up of vast oceans. 這是因為地球表面積的三分之二是由廣闊的海洋構(gòu)成的。 Two thirds of these tasks have been completed. 這些任務(wù)已完成了三分之二。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 我只能抽出一天半的時間。 It is reported that in this area one in four people suffers from lung cancer. 據(jù)報道在此地區(qū)有四分之一的人患肺癌。 2.非謂語動詞和從句作主語 (1)單獨的不定式、動名詞形式作主語,謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。多個非謂語動詞連在一起表達(dá)同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;如果表達(dá)不同概念,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們似乎很難。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是個好習(xí)慣。 To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 工作和生活是兩件不同的事情,但它們永遠(yuǎn)相伴。 (2)that, what, who, which, when, where, why, whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever等引導(dǎo)的從句作主語或單獨引導(dǎo)疑問句時,應(yīng)根據(jù)意義一致原則決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。 That Jack has gone abroad makes us all surprised. 杰克出國了使我們都很驚訝。 What we need are skilled workers. 我們需要的是技術(shù)工人。 Who is Abraham Lincoln? 林肯是誰? Who are talking with each other? 誰在相互交談?

  (3)表示時間、距離、金額、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語,通??醋髡w,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Six hundred miles is a long distance. 六百英里是一段很長的距離。 3.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 (1)一般來說,兩個單數(shù)主語用and連接起來,表示兩個不同的人或物,動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果兩個并列的單數(shù)主語在意義上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念,動詞須用單數(shù)形式。 A smile and a handshake show welcome. 微笑和握手表示歡迎。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 這個詩人兼作家寫出了很多作品。 注意:and所連接的表示同一概念的短語常見的有:a horse and cart(馬車),a knife and fork(刀叉), a cup and saucer(茶盤),a watch and chain(手表), bread and butter(涂有黃油的面包)等。

  (2)every... and every..., each...and each...或no... and no...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。 Every man and (every) woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。

  (3)在由not...but..., not only...but (also), or, either...or, neither...nor等連接的并列主語中,謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)該和接近它的主語相一致。在非正式英語中,也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Neither you nor I am fit for the work. 你和我都不適合做這項工作。 Are neither you nor I fit for the work? 你和我都不適合做這項工作嗎? 4.假性主語的主謂一致 with, together with, along with, as well as, like, such as, as much as, no less than, rather than, including, besides, but, except, in addition to等短語前的主語稱為假性主語,謂語動詞不受這些短語影響,仍與原主語一致。 Henry, rather than Jane and John, is responsible for the loss. 損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是簡和約翰來承擔(dān)。 注意:如果一個謂語動詞有兩個主語,其中一個是肯定的,另一個是否定的,則謂語動詞須與肯定的主語相一致。 Jane and Dick, not Mary, are my students. 簡和迪克是我的學(xué)生,瑪麗不是。 5.算式中的主謂一致 算式中,表示數(shù)的主語通常作單數(shù)看待,其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 Fifteen and five is twenty. 十五加五等于二十。 Five times six equals thirty. 五乘以六等于三十。 15 minus 5 makes 10. 十五減去五等于十。 Fifteen divided by 5 is 3. 十五除以五等于三。 注意:在非正式英語中,其謂語動詞有時也會出現(xiàn)用復(fù)數(shù)的情況,尤其是在做加法、乘法運算時。 6.由there, here開頭的句子的一致 由there, here引起的主語不止一個時,謂語動詞通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a lake and some hills around it. 那里周圍有一個湖和幾座小山。 Look, here come some policemen. 看,來了一些警察。 7.定語從句中的主謂一致 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)視先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,先行詞是單數(shù)形式,定語從句中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式;先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式,定語從句中的謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Those (people) who are for this plan are to sign your name right on this paper. 同意這個計劃的在這張紙上簽名。 The news that has been published in today's newspaper isn't true. 今天報紙上發(fā)布的資訊不是真的。 注意:“one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+關(guān)系代詞+謂語”中,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the only one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+關(guān)系代詞+謂語”中,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 8.倒裝句中的主謂一致 倒裝句中謂語動詞應(yīng)與后面的主語保持一致。 On the wall hang some pictures by Picasso. 墻上掛著一些畢加索的畫。 10.little和a little little形式上肯定而意義上否定,其意為“很少,幾乎沒有”;a little表示肯定意義,其意為“一些,一點”。兩者均只用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞,在句子中可作主語、賓語、定語及狀語等。 I have little spare time. 我很少有空余時間。 I have a little spare time. 我有一點點空余時間。 11.復(fù)合不定代詞 復(fù)合不定代詞由some, any, every, no與body, one, thing構(gòu)成,如somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等。在具體使用時注意以下幾點: (1)含some的復(fù)合不定代詞與含any的復(fù)合不定代詞的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別相似。 (2)復(fù)合代詞后習(xí)慣上不接表示范圍的of短語,但分開寫的any one, every one等卻可以接of短語。 Every one of us agrees to stay. 我們每個人都同意留下。 (3)修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的形容詞必須置于其后。 Has anything special happened? 發(fā)生什么特別的事情了嗎? Can you see something red floating in the distance on the water? 你看見遠(yuǎn)處有個什么紅色的東西漂浮在水上嗎?

  (4)指代something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時用it,不用they;指代someone, anyone, everyone, somebody, anybody, nobody等復(fù)合不定代詞時可用單數(shù)he, him, his(較正式),也可用復(fù)數(shù)they, them, their(非正式)。 Everything went according to plan, didn't it? 一切都是按計劃進(jìn)行的,是嗎? Someone has left his/their umbrella here. 有人把傘忘在這兒了。

  (5)注意以下習(xí)語: anything but 決不 nothing but 只有,僅僅 nothing else than 只不過,僅有 nothing less than 不亞于,完全 nothing like 沒有什么能比得上 nothing more than 僅僅 something like 大約,有幾分像 something of 有幾分像 考點九 主謂一致 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1.(2010·全國Ⅱ)Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ________ evening dress. A. wear

  B. wears C. has worn

  D. have worn 答案與解析:B who引導(dǎo)的定語從句所修飾的先行詞前有the only限制,所以從句用單數(shù)謂語動詞,再結(jié)合本句語意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。 2.(2010·湖南)Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is

  B. are C. has

  D. have 答案與解析:C 句意:在搖滾音樂會上聽很吵的音樂已造成了一些青少年的聽力喪失。動名詞短語作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故選C項。 3.(2010·天津)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ________ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. A. are exhibiting

  B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited

  D. is being exhibited 答案與解析:C 句意:像剪紙這些天津的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)品正在2010年上海世博會文化展示區(qū)展出。like paper cutting是介詞短語,句子的主語是Traditional folk arts of Tianjin,表復(fù)數(shù)意義。上海世博會正在進(jìn)行,傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)品是被展出,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。 4.(2010·四川)Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read, of whose works, however, some ________ difficult to understand. A. are; are

  B. is; is C. are; is

  D. is; are 答案與解析:A 第一空格poets為主語,第二空格some(works)為主語,謂語動詞都應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。 5.(2010·陜西)It is reported that many a new house ________ at present in the disaster area. A. are being built

  B. were being built C. was being built

  D. is being built 答案與解析:D 從時間狀語at present可判斷出用現(xiàn)在時,“many a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”雖然表示復(fù)數(shù)意思,但謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。類似用法:more than one+n.(單)+謂動(單)。 6.(2010·江蘇)—Is everyone here? —Not yet ... Look, there ________ the rest of our guests! A. come

  B. comes C. is coming

  D. are coming 答案與解析:A 空處所在句子為倒裝句,the rest of our guests作主語,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;此處敘述的又是現(xiàn)在的事實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。come用于進(jìn)行時通常用來表示按照計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作,因此D項不恰當(dāng)。 【考點詮釋】 1.單一主語的情況 (1)不定代詞作主語 ①either, neither, each, one, the other, another, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 Everyone obeys the rules and anybody who breaks the rules is punished. 人人都要遵守規(guī)則,任何人違反了規(guī)則都要受到懲罰。 ②none后接“of+復(fù)數(shù)代詞/名詞”時,謂語動詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可;如果指代不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。 None of us have(has) ever been abroad. 我們中沒有人到過國外。 Jimmy has used up all the money. None is left. 吉米把所有的錢都用光了,一點也沒剩。 ③neither/either of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)形式的代詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Neither of us has been to the Great Wall. 我們中沒有一個人去過長城。 Either of the two stories is interesting. 這兩個故事都很有趣。 ④the other two (...), another two (...), both等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Five people came to help, but another three were still needed. 已經(jīng)有五個人來幫忙了,但我們還需要三個。 ⑤all指人作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);指全部事情時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 All are present besides the professor. 除了那位教授,其他所有的人也都出席了。 All is going on very well. 一切都很順利。 ⑥由each修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語后或位于句尾時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要與主語保持一致。 Each of the class has been given a gift. 這個班里的每一個學(xué)生都得到了一份禮物。 They each have won a prize.(=They have won a prize each.) 他們每個人都得了獎。 ⑦such作主語時,謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義而定。 Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 這就是史蒂芬·霍金,一位遭受過巨大痛苦而取得巨大成就的人。 Such who have plenty of money want more money. 那些有足夠的錢的人還想要更多的錢。

  (2)集體名詞作主語 ①有些集體名詞,如people, cattle, police等只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人們在業(yè)余時間讀書自娛。 ②集體名詞,如audience, army, class, crew, crowd, enemy, family, group, government, public, team等作主語時,若作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù);若著眼于組成該集體的每個成員,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is large. 他家是個大家庭。 His family are all waiting for him. 他的家人都在等他。 ③有些集體名詞不能運用具體數(shù)字修飾,只能在其前加the 表示“全體……”,故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如the English, the French, the Swiss, the Chinese等。 The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中華民族是一個勤勞的民族。

  (3)以-s結(jié)尾的特殊名詞作主語 ①表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞,如physics, mathematics, politics等作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)。 Physics is my favorite subject. 物理是我最喜歡的科目。 ②專有名詞如國名、人名、書名、組織機構(gòu)等作主語時,即使專有名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)。如the United Nations, the United States, The New York Times等。 The New York Times has a wide circulation. 《紐約時報》發(fā)行量很大。

 ?、郾硎竞{、山脈、群島等的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The Straits of Gibraltar haven't lost their strategical importance. 直布羅陀海峽尚未喪失其戰(zhàn)略上的重要地位。 ④有些名詞如earnings, thanks, goods, leavings, clothes, trousers, belongings, savings, scissors等作主語時,其謂語動詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The family were saved but the belongings were lost. 這家人獲救了,但損失了所有的財產(chǎn)。

  (4)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語 means, sheep, deer, series, species, works(工廠), crossroads等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞根據(jù)其在句子中具體的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 Each means has been tried to solve the problem, but none is effective. 每一種方法都試過了,但沒有一個有效的。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger. 同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。

  (5)含有修飾語的名詞作主語 ①一些由兩個對應(yīng)部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如trousers, pants, glasses, scissors等作主語時,前面若無a pair of, a suit of, a set of, a series of等詞修飾,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);若有a pair of, a suit of等這類詞,則由這類詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 My blue trousers have worn out. 我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。 This pair of glasses is very expensive. 這副眼鏡很貴。 ②a group of和a couple of修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 A couple of days have passed since we parted. 我們分手已經(jīng)好幾天了。 ③a number of意為“許多”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);the number of意為“……的數(shù)目”,作主語時,謂語動詞只用單數(shù)。 A number of special plants were found in America. 在美洲發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多特別的植物。 The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 在中國,乘飛機旅行的人數(shù)比以前多了。 ④只修飾可數(shù)名詞的several, a few, few, quite a few, a great many, a number of, many等詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;其修飾的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Usually few regard their work as a pleasure. 通常很少有人把工作當(dāng)成娛樂。 ⑤some, plenty of, a lot (of), lots (of)等詞可修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,其謂語的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)所修飾或指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 A lot of students are coming to the meeting. 很多學(xué)生要來參加這次會議。 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 為了準(zhǔn)備會議,還有很多工作要做。 注意:a quantity (of), (large) quantities (of)作主語或其修飾的名詞作主語,其謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。 Quantities of money are needed to equip the school. 學(xué)校安裝設(shè)備需要很多錢。 A quantity of story books has been bought for the children. 為孩子們買了大量的故事書。

  (4)有些動詞如hate, like, love等后面習(xí)慣帶it作賓語,替代后面提到的某件事。 I really appreciate it if you can come and see her yourself. 如果你能親自來看看她我將不勝感激。 考點八 不定代詞 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1.(2010·全國Ⅰ)I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and ________ half learning drawing. A. another

  B. the other C. other's

  D. other 答案與解析:B 句意:假期我會把一半時間用于練習(xí)英語,另一半用于學(xué)習(xí)繪畫。half表示“一半”,the other half表示“另一半”。the other指兩個事物中的“另一個”。因此答案為B項。 2.(2010·全國Ⅱ)Neither side is prepared to talk to ________ unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others

  B. the other C. another

  D. one other 答案與解析:B 句意:雙方都不肯與對方交談,除非我們能排除他們之間的障礙。根據(jù)句中的neither可知共有兩方,所以另外一方用the other。 3.(2010·重慶)He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found ________ of them again. A. neither

  B. either C. each

  D. all 答案與解析:B 根據(jù)題干中的temper和health可知此處表示兩者,且表示否定意義,never found either of them相當(dāng)于find neither of them。 4.(2010·江西)Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ________ like swimming as a means of keeping fit. A. something

  B. anything C. nothing

  D. everything 答案與解析:C 句意:游泳是我最愛的運動。再沒有比游泳更好的煅煉方式了。There is nothing like...意即“沒有什么能像……了”。 5.(2010·安徽)You are a team star!Working with ________ is really your cup of tea. A. both

  B. either C. others

  D. the other 答案與解析:C 第二句的意思是“與別人合作真的是你喜歡的事情”。此處表示的是團(tuán)隊中的其他人,所以用others。 6.(2010·天津)________ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. A. Anything

  B. Nothing C. Everything

  D. Something 答案與解析:B 句意:我一生中沒有比第一次游覽故宮印象更深的事情了。這里表示隱含的最高級。 7.(2010·福建)When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say ________ for me? A. everything

  B. anything C. something

  D. nothing 答案與解析:C 句意:把我介紹給Johnson的時候,你能給我說上幾句好話嗎?something可以用在表示請求的疑問句中。say something for somebody意為“幫某人說好話”。 8.(2010·浙江)________ that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. A. One

  B. All C. Everything

  D. Anything 答案與解析:B 此處All that's important相當(dāng)于What's important,在主句中作主語,表示“重要的是……”,所以選B項。 【考點詮釋】 1.some和any some和any都可修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞;some一般用于肯定句,any一般用于疑問句和否定句。 I must get some fruit in the market. 我得在市場上買點水果。 Do you have any books for children? 你有適合小孩子看的書嗎? 注意:①當(dāng)表示請求或要求并希望對方能給出肯定的回答時,some也可用于疑問句中;any表示“任何的”時,也可用于肯定句中。 Can you give me some paper? 你能給我些紙嗎? Would you like some bananas? 你想吃點香蕉嗎? You can read any of the books. 你可以看這些書中的任何一本。 ②any不能跟冠詞連用,但是some可以表示“某一個”的含義。 some school=a certain school 某一個學(xué)校 2.a(chǎn)ll和both (1)all表示三者或三者以上的人或物;both只能表示兩者。 Copper and silver are both metals. 銅和銀都是金屬。 Not all women like the word Ms.. 并非所有的女性都喜歡Ms.這個詞。

  (2)all和both都可以與定冠詞連用,置于定冠詞之前。 Are all the students here today? 今天所有的學(xué)生都到齊了嗎? 注意:在句子中用作同位語時,all和both一般放在行為動詞之前,情態(tài)動詞、系動詞be或助動詞之后;但當(dāng)行為動詞或表語省略時,all和both放在情態(tài)動詞、系動詞be或助動詞之前。 They haven't been there, but we both have. 他們沒有去過那兒,但我們倆去過。 3.neither和either 均用于指兩者,但neither意為“兩者都不”,either意為“兩者之一,任意一方”。 Neither of us enjoys getting up early. 我們倆誰也不喜歡早起。 There are trees on either side(=on both sides). 兩邊都有樹。 4.each和every (1)each強調(diào)個體,指兩者或兩者以上的人或物,在句子中可用作主語、賓語和同位語,也可作定語修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;every強調(diào)全體,只能指三者或三者以上的人或物,在句子中只能作定語,修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。

  (2)兩個用and連接的名詞若被each或every修飾且用作主語時,其謂語依然用單數(shù)。 Every/Each boy and girl has one. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個。 注意:each用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語后作同位語時,后面的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 The students each have a dictionary. 學(xué)生每人有一本字典。

  (3)every后接“數(shù)字或few+名詞”可表示“每隔……”,而each不這樣用。 He comes home every two weeks. 他每隔兩周回家一次。 She visits her parents every few days. 她每隔幾天看望她父母親一次。 注意:①each指兩者或兩者以上的“每個”,every指三者或三者以上“每個”,因此指兩者時只能用each。 He could write with each hand. 他兩只手都能寫字。 ②every可被almost, nearly等副詞修飾,但each卻不能。 5.one和another one指一個或相似的一個;another指另外的一個,表泛指。 Please give me another. 請給我另一個。 I haven't a book; can you lend me one? 我沒有書,你能借我一本嗎? 注意:①another可以修飾one,但one不能修飾another。 Please give me another one. 請給我另一個。 ②one可與this, that, the等連用,表示特指;another不能與這些詞連用,也不能表示特指。 This one is better than the one over there. 這個比那邊的那個好些。 ③在一定范圍內(nèi),表示其中的一個用one,表示另一個可用one或another。 One boy was reading; one/another was writing. 一個男孩在讀書,另一個在寫字。 ④若指兩者中的一個和另一個,則用“one...the other”。 6.other, the other, others, the others (1)帶定冠詞的the other, the others表特指,而不帶定冠詞的other, others表泛指。 Don't cut in when others are talking. 別人說話時別插話。 Only Jim was there. The others had left. 只有吉姆在那兒,其余的人都離開了。

  (2)other和the other后可修飾名詞,也可單獨使用;而others和the others則只能單獨使用,相當(dāng)于代詞,不能修飾名詞。 the other people(√) the others people(×) (3)other和the other既可表示單數(shù)也可表示復(fù)數(shù),具體視它所代替或修飾名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,而others和the others則永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)。

  (4)注意正確理解以下短語的意思: every other 每隔一……,其他的……都 one from the other 分別,各別 no/none other than 不是別的,正是…… other than 不同于,除了 one after the other 一個接一個地,相繼 the other day 早幾天,幾天前 7.much和many much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞,many修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 His name is familiar to many people. 許多人熟悉他的名字。 The children have too much homework to do. 孩子們家庭作業(yè)太多。 8.none和no one (1)none后指人或物,其后通常接表示范圍的of短語;no one通常只用于指人,不用于指物,且其后習(xí)慣上不能接表示范圍的of短語。 (2)no one用作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);none用作主語時,若指不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù);若指可數(shù)名詞,則謂語可用單數(shù)(較正式文體)也可用復(fù)數(shù)(用于非正式文體,但更符合習(xí)慣用法)。 No one(=Nobody) likes it. 沒人喜歡它。 None of the books is/are interesting. 沒有一本書讓人感興趣。

  (3)回答特殊疑問句,表示“沒有一個”時,用no one回答who所提的問題;用none回答how many/how much所提出的問題。 —How much money did you give her? 你給了她多少錢? —None. 一分也沒給。 —Who went to see the film? 誰去看電影了? —No one(Nobody). 誰也沒去。 注意:以下幾個短語,形式不同,意義大致相同: none but=no one but=nothing but=only 只有 9.few和a few (1)few形式上肯定,意義上否定,其意為“很少,幾乎沒有”;a few表示肯定意義,其意為“幾個,一些”。兩者都修飾或代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,在句子中可用作主語、賓語、定語等。 Few apples remained on the tree. 樹上沒幾個蘋果了。 A few apples remained on the tree. 樹上還剩有幾個蘋果。

  (2)few前若使用了定冠詞、物主代詞或其他限定詞,則不表示否定意義。 He was among the few who have read the book. 他是為數(shù)不多的讀過這本書的人之一。 Her few possessions were sold after her death. 她那點兒財產(chǎn)死后就被賣掉了。 注意:以下幾個短語,形式不同,意義大致相同: quite a few=a good few=not a few 不少,相當(dāng)多 The working classes are very angry about unemployment. 工人階級對失業(yè)感到非常憤怒。 5.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示全家人,或這一姓氏的夫婦倆。 The Smiths are flying to Paris next week. 史密斯一家下周要飛往巴黎。 The Greens got married three years ago and have no children. 格林夫婦三年前就結(jié)婚了,現(xiàn)在還沒有孩子。 6.用在形容詞前可表示一類人或者物。 The disabled need our help. 殘疾人需要我們的幫助。 7.用在表示江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋等的名詞前。 The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. 長江是中國最長的河流。 Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake. 杭州因西湖而聞名于世。 8.以普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞。 The Great Wall of China is one of the seven wonders in the world. 中國的長城是世界七大奇跡之一。 9.用在逢十的年代前,表示“在某世紀(jì)幾十年代”。 in the 1990's/1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代 10.用在表示身體部位的名詞前,表示“打、抓住某人身體的某部位”。 The police caught the thief by the arm. 警察抓住了賊的胳膊。 11.用在表示單位的名詞前。 I hired the car by the hour. 我按小時租車。 Eggs are sold by the dozen. 雞蛋論打賣。 12.表示語言的名詞前一般不用冠詞,但后面如果出現(xiàn)language一詞,前面須加定冠詞the。 English=the English language French=the French language 13.用于形容詞、分詞前,表示一類人或物。 The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay. 受傷的人被立刻送到了最近的醫(yī)院。 類似的短語還有the dead, the blind, the rich, the poor, the dying(垂死的人),the living(活著的人),the wounded(傷員),the young, the impossible(不可能的事)等。 14.固定搭配。 slap sb. in the face 打某人耳光 hit sb. on the nose 打某人的鼻子 take the place of 取代,代替 for the sake of 為了…… the same...as...和……一樣 at the moment 此刻,現(xiàn)在 考點五 零冠詞 【真題再現(xiàn)】 1.(2010·遼寧)There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ________ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ________ earth. A. the; the

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