2024英語詞匯篇人教版必修3 unit 4《Astronomy：the science of the stars》課件
2010年7月30日錢偉長在上海逝世，為紀(jì)念這位偉大的科學(xué)家，請根據(jù)下面錢偉長院士的基本情況，寫一篇短文，向班里的同學(xué)做一個簡單介紹，并號召同學(xué)們努力學(xué)習(xí)，為祖國的科學(xué)發(fā)展做準(zhǔn)備。 姓名：錢偉長 主要職務(wù)和稱號：中國科學(xué)院院士；上海大學(xué)校長 出生年月：1912年10月生于江蘇無錫 畢業(yè)學(xué)校及時間：1937 年畢業(yè)于清華大學(xué)物理系；1942年在美國多倫多大學(xué)應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)系畢業(yè)并獲得博士學(xué)位 榮譽(yù)與貢獻(xiàn)：中國近代力學(xué)之父，彈性力學(xué)奠基人；曾在北大和上海大學(xué)教學(xué)近50年。 1940年開始致力于彈性力學(xué)研究，是中國最著名的科學(xué)家之一。
注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)：100~120；
2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。
參考詞匯：中國科學(xué)院院士(the CAS academician); 彈性力學(xué)(elastic mechanics); 多倫多大學(xué)(the University of elastic Toronto)
范文背誦
One of renowned scientists, “father of elastic mechanics”-Qian Weichang, a CAS academician, president of Shanghai University, was born in WuXi, JiangSu Province in October, 1912.He graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University in 1937 and got a doctorate in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1942.He had been devoted to the study of elastic mechanics since 1940 and got great achievements. He taught at universities in Beijing and Shanghai for nearly 50 years.
He was considered as a key contributor to the theory of elastic mechanics and founder of China’s modern mechanics. We should learn from Qian Weichang and work harder for the scientific development of our motherland. 句型背誦： ①He graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University in 1937 and got a doctorate in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1942. ②He was considered as a key contributor to the theory of elastic mechanics and founder of China’s modern mechanics. ③We should learn from Qian Weichang and work harder for...
1. ______ n. 天文學(xué)→ ______ n. 天文學(xué)家 2. ______ n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度 → ______ adj. 系統(tǒng)的;涉及全系統(tǒng)的 3. ______ n. 宗教；宗教信仰→ ______ adj. 宗教的
4. ______ n. 學(xué)說；理論 5. ______ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→ n.激烈；猛烈 6. ______ adj. 有害的 → ______ adj.（反義詞）無害的→ ______ n.傷害 7. ______ n. 反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→ ______ v. 反應(yīng)；起作用 8. ______ vi. 存在；生存→ ______ n. 存在；實(shí)有 9. ______ n.出席;在場→ ______ n.當(dāng)前→ ______ adj. 缺席的;不到場的 10. ______ n. 謎；難題；vt.&vi （使）迷惑;(使)為難→ ______ adj.感到迷惑的→ ______ adj.令人迷惑的 答案：1.astronomy; astronomer
2.system; systemic
3.religion; religious
4.theory
5.violent; violence
6.harmful; harmless; harm
7.reaction; react
8.exist; existence
9.presence; present; absent
10.puzzle; puzzled; puzzling
1. solar ______ 太陽系
2. in ______ 及時；終于 3. ______ eggs下蛋 4. give ______ to 產(chǎn)生；分娩 5. in one’s ______ 輪到某人;接著 6. ______ out
擋?。ü饩€ ） 7. ______ up 感到高興；感到振奮
8. ______ ______ 既然 9. ______ out 爆發(fā)；突發(fā) 10. ______ out
密切注視；當(dāng)心；提防 11. as a ______ of 由于 12. be ______ to 對……有害 13. ______ ...from 阻止;制止 14. come into ______ 開始存在；產(chǎn)生 答案：1.system
2.time
3.lay
4.birth
5.turn
6.block
7.cheer 8.now that
9.break
10.watch
11.result
12.harmful
13.prevent 14.existence
1. ______ it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 隨后它會變成什么沒人能知道，直到38~45 億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。 2.They were ______ ______ to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ______ ______ ______ make the earth’s atmosphere.
最終產(chǎn)生了碳、氮?dú)?、水蒸氣和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。 3. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水對于生命的發(fā)展會起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時并不明顯。 4.So ______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on ______ this problem can be solved.
所以，在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。 答案：1.What
2.in time; which were to 3.It was not immediately obvious that
4.whether; whether
1.harmful adj. 有害的 Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.
很多人都意識到了吸煙的危害。 【聯(lián)想拓展】 be harmful to 對……有害
harm n.&v. 損害，傷害 do harm to sb.= do sb.harm = harm sb.
對……有害；傷害…… 【即學(xué)即練】
完成句子 ①吸煙有害健康。 Smoking ______ ______ ______ your health.
?、谧砭茖ξ覀兊纳眢w有害。Drunkenness does _____ _____ our health.
答案：①is harmful to
?、趆arm to
單項(xiàng)填空 ③It is so nice a dog that won’t do you any ______.
A.ill
B.bite
C.hurt
D.harm 解析：選D?？疾楣潭ù钆?。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示“對某人有害”。句意為：這條狗不會傷害你。 2.exist vi. 存在；生存
Man cannot exist without air.沒有空氣，人就不能生存。 Life exists once for all, value and love it.
生命只有一次，應(yīng)該珍惜。 溫馨提示：exist 只作不及物動詞，后面不能直接跟賓語。existence n. 存在；生活（尤指艱苦﹑無聊等的生活）; 生活方式。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： exist in 存在于……之中
exist on sth.靠……為生 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①英語中沒有這個字。 That word doesn’t ______ ______ English.
?、谒豢颗Ｄ躺?。
She ______ only ______ milk.
③在湖邊有一棵樹。
______ ______ a tree near the lake. 答案：①exist in
②existed;on
?、跿here exists 單項(xiàng)填空 ④I can hardly ______ the wage I’m getting.
A.exist on
B.exist
C.exist in
D.existence 解析:選A。句意為：我靠我掙的工資簡直難以糊口。分析題干此處缺動詞作謂語， exist on sth. 固定搭配，意為“靠某物生存”，故選A。 3.puzzle vt. &vi. (使)迷惑；(使)為難
n.謎；難題
Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他們?yōu)槭裁匆龃耸挛胰阅涿睢?常用結(jié)構(gòu)： puzzle about/over sth.對某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzle sth. out
開動腦筋（試圖）找出某事物的答案或解決方法
【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①她幾個星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的來信。
She’s been ______ ______ his strange letter for weeks.
②老師讓學(xué)生動腦筋自行尋找問題的答案。
The teacher left the children to ______ ______ the answer to the problem themselves.
答案：①puzzling over
②puzzle out 【聯(lián)想拓展】 puzzled adj.無法了解的；困惑的
puzzling adj.令人費(fèi)解的 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 ③She felt ______ about her future.
A.puzzle
B.puzzling
C.puzzled
D.puzzles 解析:選C。句意為：她對她的將來感到迷惑。puzzled（人）迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzling（物）令人迷惑的。
4.pull n.&vt.拉(力）；拖；牽引力 You push and I’ll pull.
你來推，我來拉。
I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我覺得有人扯我的袖子，便轉(zhuǎn)過身來。 溫馨提示：pull的近義詞為:draw, drag；反義詞:push，shove。 【速記名片】
常用結(jié)構(gòu)： pull ahead (of sb./sth.)領(lǐng)先（于某人/物） pull (sb.) back（使某人）退卻；撤回（某人） pull sb. down（指疾?。┦鼓橙颂撊?pull sth. down毀壞, 拆毀（如舊建筑物） pull sth. in
把某人帶到警察局問話; 拘留某人；吸引（觀眾、支持者等）； 掙（錢、薪水等） pull out (sth.) （指機(jī)動車輛、船只等）駛出, 劃出或打斜 pull together同心協(xié)力；通力合作 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①這個隊(duì)在錦標(biāo)賽中遙遙領(lǐng)先于其他各隊(duì)。
The team has ______ ______ ______ ______ the rest in the championship.
?、诓筷?duì)在結(jié)束戰(zhàn)斗以后撤走了。
The army ______ ______ after the battle.
?、畚业竭_(dá)時, 末班列車剛剛開出。
I arrived as the last train was ______ ______ .
答案：①pulled well ahead of
?、趐ulled back
③pulling out 單項(xiàng)填空 ④So long as we ______, there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer.
A.pull out
B.pull in
C.pull together
D.pull back 解析：選C。考查pull短語的辨析。句意為：只要我們團(tuán)結(jié)起來，就沒有我們征服不了的山峰。由句意可知，選C。
5.cheer vt. & vi. (使)高興、振奮；(對)歡呼 【聯(lián)想拓展】 cheerful adj.高興的 cheerless adj.不高興的
He was greatly cheered by the news. 他聽到這個消息非常高興。 The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出現(xiàn)時群眾高聲歡呼。 常用結(jié)構(gòu): cheer sb.on為某人加油 cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高興或更快活 cheer for為……歡呼，喝彩；給……加油 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①賽跑進(jìn)入最后一圈時，觀眾為運(yùn)動員加油鼓勁。
The crowd ______ ______ ______ ______
as they started the last lap.
?、谙氲皆俅我姷剿?，他就高興起來。
He ______ ______
at the thought of seeing her again.
③咱們?nèi)タ醋闱虮荣?，為我們的校?duì)吶喊助威。
Let’s go to the football game and ______ ______
our school team. 答案：①cheered the runners on
②cheered up
?、踓heer for 單項(xiàng)填空 ④At the party the girls ______their partners to go it.
A.cheered for
B.cheered up
C.cheered on
D.cheered out 解析:選A。考查cheer短語的辨析。cheer for為……歡呼，喝彩；給……加油。句意為：在晚會上女孩子們歡叫著為她們的伙伴加油。
6.in one’s turn 輪到某人；接著 In my turn, I told them a joke. 輪到我的時候，我給他們講了一個笑話。
I will see you, each in your turn.我將一個接一個地看你們。 溫馨提示：在短語in one’s turn中turn作名詞，另外turn還可以作動詞，意為“轉(zhuǎn)動；扭轉(zhuǎn)；(使)變成”。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： in turn輪流；依次；反過來；反之 by turns輪流；一陣……一陣……
take turns (to do sth.)輪流（做某物）
It’s one’s turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事
【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①讓我們輪流來做這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
Let’s do this experiment ______ ______ . ②你的態(tài)度影響別人，它又將會反過來影響你。
Your attitude affects others which ______ ______ affects you. ③她一陣子發(fā)熱，一陣子發(fā)冷。
She went hot and cold ______ ______ . ④今天該我洗盤子洗碗了。
It’s my turn ______ ______ ______ today. 答案：①in turn
?、趇n turn
③by turns
④to wash up 單項(xiàng)填空 ⑤He gets cheerful and depressed ______.
A.by turns
B.take turns
C.in turn
D.in his turn 解析:選A。考查短語的辨析。此句的句意為：他的情緒高一陣低一陣。故選A。 7.prevent...from 阻止；制止 His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game. 他背部的傷可能使他參加不了明天的比賽。 The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons. =They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons by the police.警察阻止他們攜帶武器。 用法點(diǎn)撥：prevent...from = stop...from = keep...from
使……不做……；阻止……做…… prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略，因?yàn)閗eep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被動語態(tài)中，三者的from都不可省。 【即學(xué)即練】 單項(xiàng)填空 ①We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to ______ many of the disasters ______. A.keep; happening
B.prevent; from happening
C.stop; from being happened
D.prevent; from being happened 解析:選 B。考查動詞短語的用法。prevent... from doing意為“阻止……做某事”，同義詞為stop/keep...from doing,其中prevent/stop... from doing中的from可省略，而keep...from doing中的from不能省略，故排除A項(xiàng)；happen為不及物動詞，不用被動，故選B。 ②Some policeman should be sent to ______ them ______ the trees.
A.prevent; to cut down
B.stop; cutting down C.keep; to cut down
D.keep; cutting down 解析:選B。句意為：應(yīng)該派一些警察去阻止他們砍伐樹木。keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,其中keep sb.from doing sth. 中的from不可省。故選B。 8.break out (災(zāi)難、戰(zhàn)爭等) 突發(fā)；爆發(fā) Trouble may break out at any moment.
災(zāi)難在任何時候都可能突然發(fā)生。 When did the war break out?
戰(zhàn)爭是什么時候爆發(fā)的？ It was at midnight that a fire broke out.
就是在午夜時分發(fā)生了一起大火。 溫馨提示：break out指戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等的爆發(fā)或疾病的突發(fā)，無被動語態(tài)。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： break away from
脫離（政黨等）；打破（陳規(guī)等） break down
出故障；（計(jì)劃、談判等）失??；（身體、精神 等）垮掉 break in
闖入；插話 break into
強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入；突然……起來 break off
折斷；突然中止；斷絕；結(jié)束 break through
突破，強(qiáng)行穿過 break up
解散；打碎；（學(xué)校）期終放假 【即學(xué)即練】 完成句子 ①他一句話只說了一半就停住了。
He ______ ______ in the middle of a sentence.
?、谀銈兪裁磿r候放圣誕節(jié)假?
When do you ______ ______ for Christmas?
?、垭p方談判已經(jīng)破裂。
Negotiations between the two sides have ______ ______ . ④上星期有人闖入他的房屋。
His house was ______ ______ last week.
答案：①broke off
②break up
?、?broken down ④broken into 9.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31) 而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。 twice as...as... 是……的兩倍。 This box is twice as large as that box. 這個箱子的大小是那個箱子的兩倍。 There are four times as many students as we expected. 學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計(jì)的五倍。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： ①倍數(shù)+ as + adj./adv. + as 表示“是……的幾倍”。 ②倍數(shù)+ adj./adv.比較級+ than 表示“比……(多/大)幾倍”。 ③倍數(shù)+ the +表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞（size, height, weight, length, width， depth）+ of 表示“長度/高度/寬度是……的幾倍”。
