《日本有罪推定》日本低犯罪率背后深層的因素

由雕龍文庫(kù) 分享時(shí)間：2024-03-28 19:03:31 收藏本文

Japan is known for being one of the countries with the lowest crime rate in the world. Numerous reasons are given for this such as the illegality of weapons a smaller wealth gap or unspoken rules of conduct that people live by.

日本被認(rèn)為是世界上犯罪率最低的國(guó)家之一。許多人將這歸結(jié)于持槍非法、貧富差距較小以及人們潛意識(shí)的生活習(xí)慣之類(lèi)的原因。

But one other factor behind such low crime could have a darker reason to it: fear of the Japanese legal system.

但是在這么低的犯罪率背后另一個(gè)更深層的因素是：人們對(duì)日本法律系統(tǒng)的畏懼。

Al Jazeera news recently put out a documentary on that very subject showing one of the scarier parts of Japan that most people don’t have experience with. The full video is below.

最近半島電視臺(tái)資訊發(fā)布了一部紀(jì)錄片展示了大多數(shù)人沒(méi)經(jīng)歷過(guò)的日本最恐怖的部分之一。完整視頻如下。

The documentary follows the story of Keiko Aoki a woman who in 1995 was convicted of setting her house on fire and intentionally murdering her daughter to collect life insurance money. Her conviction was based solely on her and her husband’s written confessions that they claimed were made under extreme duress.

這部紀(jì)錄片講述了一位叫洼田青木的女人的故事，她于1995年因涉嫌在自己的房子里放火并蓄意謀殺她的女兒以獲取人壽保險(xiǎn)的錢(qián)而被判為有罪。她的罪名僅僅因?yàn)樗退煞蛟谒麄兪艿綐O端脅迫下寫(xiě)的懺悔書(shū)就成立了。

Keiko and her husband spent the next 20 years in jail claiming they were innocent the entire time. It wasn’t until earlier this year that the verdict for their retrial was finally delivered proclaiming them not guilty.

惠子和她丈夫在接下來(lái)的20年牢獄生涯中，一直聲稱(chēng)自己是無(wú)辜的。但是直到今年早些時(shí)候，對(duì)他們案件重審的判決書(shū)才下達(dá)，終于宣判他們無(wú)罪。

But why would someone confess to a crime they didn’t commit? Put simply the documentary claims that the Japanese legal system is designed to extract confessions no matter what.

但是為什么會(huì)有人對(duì)他們沒(méi)有犯下的罪行認(rèn)罪？簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，這部紀(jì)錄片聲稱(chēng)，日本司法系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)就是讓你采取各種手段逼供。

In Keiko’s case she was held in an interrogation room with police investigators who constantly yelled and berated her for 12 hours straight. She was never allowed to see a lawyer. Eventually she was told by police that her husband had already confessed to the crime so she should too. Mentally destroyed she gave up and wrote a confession dictated to her by police.

具體到惠子的案件，她被關(guān)在審訊室里，警方調(diào)查人員連續(xù)對(duì)她咆哮了12小時(shí)，不停地痛罵她。她根本沒(méi)法見(jiàn)律師。最后，警察告訴她，她丈夫已經(jīng)認(rèn)罪了，所以她也得認(rèn)罪。心理防線徹底崩潰的她，放棄了抵抗，按照警察的授意寫(xiě)了認(rèn)罪書(shū)。

Keiko claims that confusion exhaustion and the guilt of not being able to save her daughter came together to make her admit to a crime she was innocent of.

惠子聲稱(chēng)，困惑、疲憊不堪和沒(méi)有把女兒救回來(lái)的負(fù)疚感交織在一起，令她承認(rèn)了一樁其實(shí)她完全無(wú)辜的罪行。

In Japan anyone can be held by police for 23 days without being charged. Lawyers are not allowed in interrogation rooms and police are not required to record any of the interrogation sessions. As Hiroshi Ichikawa a former Japanese prosecutor described investigators can just rotate in and out as they get tired of questioning the suspect until he or she is so mentally exhausted that they will admit to anything to make it stop.

在日本，任何人都可以在沒(méi)有被起訴的情況下，被警方羈押23天。在此期間律師不允許進(jìn)入審訊室，而警察也無(wú)需記錄任何審問(wèn)內(nèi)容。一位名叫市川浩志的日本前檢察官說(shuō)，調(diào)查人員如果審問(wèn)犯罪嫌疑人累了，就可以換班，直到他或她心力交瘁最后什么都認(rèn)了才停止。

But why is the Japanese legal system so intense when it comes to extracting confessions from the accused? Ichikawa claims it’s because there’s immense pressure on police and prosecutors to obtain a guilty verdict. In a country with a near universal conviction rate no one wants to be the only lawyer who failed to get a guilty verdict so they’ll do anything to get it.