2024年職稱英語(yǔ)理工類考試語(yǔ)法精講
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是?？疾楹洼^難的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),希望通過(guò)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法的詳解,可以幫助考生更好的掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相關(guān)考點(diǎn),為進(jìn)行閱讀學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ).
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也叫非限定動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括動(dòng)名詞、不定式和分詞,即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外, 具有動(dòng)詞的部分語(yǔ)法特征,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分.
一、動(dòng)名詞
1.定義:
動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換而成的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),其構(gòu)成的形式是在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后面加上ing.
2.功能:
動(dòng)名詞在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等.
作主語(yǔ)
e.g. Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的.
作表語(yǔ)
e.g. In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國(guó),蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵.
作賓語(yǔ)
e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染.
作定語(yǔ)
e.gHe cant walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路.
3.考點(diǎn):
動(dòng)名詞在職稱英語(yǔ)中往往不是不直接進(jìn)行考察,而是把動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)放在英語(yǔ)的句子中,然后考察考生對(duì)句含動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這個(gè)句子的句意的準(zhǔn)確了解.所以,考生在復(fù)習(xí)中主要需要弄清楚動(dòng)名詞在英語(yǔ)句子中的四種語(yǔ)法功能.
4.與分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
現(xiàn)在分詞由原形動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成,如designing,leaving,stopping等現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)狀.由此可見現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在形上相似.考生需要能區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的情況.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示所修飾的名詞的功能/用語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.
Give the note to theloudly-speakingman. 請(qǐng)把便條交給坐在正在高聲說(shuō)話的人.
Id like to buy a washingmaching.. 我想要一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī).
5.常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法與句型:
be busy/active doinz sth.
have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggledoing sth.
Its no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.
There is no point/sense/harm/use/gooddoing sth.
cannot help doing sth.
There is no use doing sth
二、不定式
1、動(dòng)詞不定式形式:+do具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征;否定式:not+ do
2、不定式的句法功能:
作主語(yǔ):
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:
1、It+be+名詞+to do.
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.
3、It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do.
4、It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do.
常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞,不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語(yǔ).
作表語(yǔ):
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是?？疾楹洼^難的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),希望通過(guò)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法的詳解,可以幫助考生更好的掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相關(guān)考點(diǎn),為進(jìn)行閱讀學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ).
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也叫非限定動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包括動(dòng)名詞、不定式和分詞,即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外, 具有動(dòng)詞的部分語(yǔ)法特征,可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分.
一、動(dòng)名詞
1.定義:
動(dòng)名詞是由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換而成的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),其構(gòu)成的形式是在動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后面加上ing.
2.功能:
動(dòng)名詞在句中起名詞的作用,可用作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等.
作主語(yǔ)
e.g. Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的.
作表語(yǔ)
e.g. In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國(guó),蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵.
作賓語(yǔ)
e.g. We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染.
作定語(yǔ)
e.gHe cant walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路.
3.考點(diǎn):
動(dòng)名詞在職稱英語(yǔ)中往往不是不直接進(jìn)行考察,而是把動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)放在英語(yǔ)的句子中,然后考察考生對(duì)句含動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)的這個(gè)句子的句意的準(zhǔn)確了解.所以,考生在復(fù)習(xí)中主要需要弄清楚動(dòng)名詞在英語(yǔ)句子中的四種語(yǔ)法功能.
4.與分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
現(xiàn)在分詞由原形動(dòng)詞+ing構(gòu)成,如designing,leaving,stopping等現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,或表示現(xiàn)狀.由此可見現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)在形上相似.考生需要能區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)和動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)的情況.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)往往表示所修飾的名詞的功能/用語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.
Give the note to theloudly-speakingman. 請(qǐng)把便條交給坐在正在高聲說(shuō)話的人.
Id like to buy a washingmaching.. 我想要一臺(tái)洗衣機(jī).
5.常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:
acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate
6.動(dòng)名詞的習(xí)慣用法與句型:
be busy/active doinz sth.
have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggledoing sth.
Its no good/use doing sth.
have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.
spend/waste time doing sth.
There is no point/sense/harm/use/gooddoing sth.
cannot help doing sth.
There is no use doing sth
二、不定式
1、動(dòng)詞不定式形式:+do具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征;否定式:not+ do
2、不定式的句法功能:
作主語(yǔ):
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),常用it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:
1、It+be+名詞+to do.
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.
3、It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do.
4、It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do.
常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚(yáng)或批評(píng)的形容詞,不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語(yǔ).
作表語(yǔ):
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
