名師精講大學(xué)英語四級議論文寫作課程筆記三
Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, Cancer Stick . Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would seriously affect an adult s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers , according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places.
(2)議論文中常用的詞句與短語
一.數(shù)據(jù)對比用語：
1. are similar in their range of indicators
2. cause / lead to a rapid / slow increase / decrease in the number / amount of
3. cause to drop
4. climb dramatically from to
5. constitutes about percent
6. continue to rise / fall
7. continue to widen / shorten
8. declines to less than percent.
9. drop / fall to as many / much / little as
10. fall / rise / increase / decrease dramatically
11. fluctuates between
12. grow only marginally from to
13. increase / decrease slowly
14. increase/ decrease lightly
15. is doubled
16. is inversely proportional to
17. is significantly lower / higher than
18. lead to an increased number / amount of
19. level off / remain constant at
20. lower the percentage of
21. maintain approximately the same number of
22. narrow down to
23. occupy a greater percentage of
24. peak / top at
25. range from to
26. remain below
27. rise / fall / increase / decrease sharply
28. rise above
29. rise to approximately
30. take up one third of
31. times smaller / larger than
32. totals / amounts to / reaches / arrives at / stays at
33. varies greatly / slightly between and
34. A very noticeable trend is the steady increase / decrease in
35. As is shown in / As can be seen from / According to ----the table / table /
graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics /diagram shows /
illustrates /describes / indicates / reveals that
36. It is clear / apparent from--- the table / graph / pie chart / bar chart /
figure /
37. it reached a peak of
statistics / diagram that
38. the number / amount of consumed per head/ per person
39. The number of remains stable.
40. The number of remains unchanged.
41. The number tapers off.
42. The percentage has been falling steadily.
43. The percentage is less than that of
44. The table / graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics
shows...
45. There are many variations in numbers of
46. There is a gradual increase / decrease
47. There is a large increase / decrease in
48. There is a reduction in
49. There is a significant increase/ rise in
50. There is a smaller percentage of
51. There is an obvious increase / decrease in
52. There is not a great deal of difference between the percentage of
Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, Cancer Stick . Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would seriously affect an adult s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers , according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places.
(2)議論文中常用的詞句與短語
一.數(shù)據(jù)對比用語：
1. are similar in their range of indicators
2. cause / lead to a rapid / slow increase / decrease in the number / amount of
3. cause to drop
4. climb dramatically from to
5. constitutes about percent
6. continue to rise / fall
7. continue to widen / shorten
8. declines to less than percent.
9. drop / fall to as many / much / little as
10. fall / rise / increase / decrease dramatically
11. fluctuates between
12. grow only marginally from to
13. increase / decrease slowly
14. increase/ decrease lightly
15. is doubled
16. is inversely proportional to
17. is significantly lower / higher than
18. lead to an increased number / amount of
19. level off / remain constant at
20. lower the percentage of
21. maintain approximately the same number of
22. narrow down to
23. occupy a greater percentage of
24. peak / top at
25. range from to
26. remain below
27. rise / fall / increase / decrease sharply
28. rise above
29. rise to approximately
30. take up one third of
31. times smaller / larger than
32. totals / amounts to / reaches / arrives at / stays at
33. varies greatly / slightly between and
34. A very noticeable trend is the steady increase / decrease in
35. As is shown in / As can be seen from / According to ----the table / table /
graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics /diagram shows /
illustrates /describes / indicates / reveals that
36. It is clear / apparent from--- the table / graph / pie chart / bar chart /
figure /
37. it reached a peak of
statistics / diagram that
38. the number / amount of consumed per head/ per person
39. The number of remains stable.
40. The number of remains unchanged.
41. The number tapers off.
42. The percentage has been falling steadily.
43. The percentage is less than that of
44. The table / graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics
shows...
45. There are many variations in numbers of
46. There is a gradual increase / decrease
47. There is a large increase / decrease in
48. There is a reduction in
49. There is a significant increase/ rise in
50. There is a smaller percentage of
51. There is an obvious increase / decrease in
52. There is not a great deal of difference between the percentage of
