英語四級考試仔細(xì)閱讀每日一練

　　As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.

　　Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

　　The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between flight or fight and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same __8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.

　　A)exposure B)characters C)answer D)chemically

　　E)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)transfer

　　I)unusual J)control K)remove L)escape

　　M)response N)backward O)essential

　　【答案】

　　1.選O)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中說人們正在失去放松的休閑方式，But轉(zhuǎn)折表明作者對relaxation的重視態(tài)度，只有essential必須的，重要的符合文意。

　　2.選E)。此處應(yīng)填動詞。前句說Stress is a natural part of everyday life壓力是日常生活中很自然的一部分，說明人們不能避免壓力。選項中只有avoid的意思為避免，消除，故E)avoid正確。

　　3.選J)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面說有壓力并不是壞事，適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫δ芙o人以動力，能賦予人生活的意義。只有在什么時候，壓力才會導(dǎo)致人們表現(xiàn)不佳，身體不好。根據(jù)上下文可知get out of control壓力失控的時候，才會有不好的結(jié)果，故選J)control。

　　4.選B)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前句中not afraid of stress不怕壓力是一些人的性格特點，選項中可以表示人的性格特點的詞只有characters，故選B)。

　　5.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞difficulties。一些人遇到......的困難就灰心喪氣，選項中的形容詞中，unusual不同尋常的可以說明困難的程度，故選擇I)。

　　6.選F)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，與physically相對應(yīng)，在此physically作為身體上的解釋。選項中的副詞有chemically化學(xué)地和psychologically精神地，很明顯兩個副詞中選擇F)psychologically.

　　7.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞days。...days與后文中的today相對應(yīng)，形成對比。選項中的是primitive，即將人類的早期和人類的今天做比較 ，故選G)。而N)backward說明的是社會發(fā)展的狀態(tài)，不符合原文意思。

　　8.選M)。此處填名詞。前句說，在人類的早期，選擇不同就意味著生與死的差別;而現(xiàn)在人們碰到的危機不可能那樣極端。后面but轉(zhuǎn)折，說明了不管是壓力的大小，人們都是在避免和戰(zhàn)斗之間選擇，下句中的such a reaction也可以說明人們對壓力的反應(yīng)是一樣的，選項中的名詞answer和response中，M)response=reaction符合文意。

　　9.選A)。根據(jù)上題，這種反應(yīng)長時間持續(xù)的原因就是長時間的面對壓力，選項中的exposure暴露的狀態(tài)，受影響符合上下文意思，故選擇A)exposure。

　　The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced __1__ societies. But such families are hard to __2__. They are immobile.Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family __3__ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit __4__ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more __5__ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, __6__ even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more __7__ components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.A __8__ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in __9__ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many __10__ will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplant B)solution C)gadually D)transportE)elemental F)conflict G)continually H)mobileI)couples J)agricultural )including L)compromiseM)requires N)primary O)consisting

　　ANSWER:

　　1. 選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名次societies。文章第一句就說The typical pre-industrial family...工業(yè)化之前的典型家庭模式......， 即extended family存在于工業(yè)化之前的社會，即agricultural society。故J)正確。選項中的primary最初的，原始的不符合原文意思。

　　2. 選A)。由be hard to do sth.可知，此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。They are immobile這樣的家庭很難流動，這說明這樣的家庭are hard to...，選項中由transplant和transport兩個動詞原形，前者指的是遷居，遷移，后者指的是運輸，不難推斷前者符合原文意思，故A)transplant正確。3. 選C)。因為這句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，固此處應(yīng)填副詞。選項中的副詞有g(shù)radually和continually,原文中...and the so-called nuclear family emerged.所謂的核心家庭便出現(xiàn)了，emerge的意思是浮現(xiàn) ，強調(diào)經(jīng)過一個過程后出現(xiàn)的。由此可以判斷，這句話壞死說明核心家庭從無到有逐漸出現(xiàn)，而不是連續(xù)不斷地出現(xiàn)，故選擇C)gradually

　　4. 選O)。該句可拆分理解，即a family unit... of parents and a smell set of children 一個家庭單元......父母和不多的孩子，由此可以推出這里要填的詞是表示包含，由......組成的。選項中的including和consisting均可以表示此意，但由原文中的of可排除including,consist of為固定刺諸，故O)為正確答案。

　　5. 選H)。從原文中的more...than可知，此處應(yīng)填形容詞，構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。由第一段最后一句可知the traditional extended family是immobile,那么新型的家庭模式比舊的因該是更有流動性，故應(yīng)選H)mobile，說明新型的家庭模式的優(yōu)點。

　　6. 選M)。此處應(yīng)填動詞，作這句話的謂語。Super-industrialism超級工業(yè)化......更具流動性的家庭?？赏浦崭裉帒?yīng)填表示需要，需求的詞。requires表示出自一種迫切的需要而提出的要求，很明顯選擇M)requires。

　　7. 選E)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，用來修飾名詞components。文中說明家庭被減縮到最......的成員，即由男人和女人組成，男人和女人是一個家庭最基本的成員。選項中的E)elemental基本的，本質(zhì)的，而N)primary主要的，最早的，原文強調(diào)的是男人和女人是一個家庭最basic的組成部分，故E)更符合原文意思。

　　8.選l)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。上段說兩人家庭的優(yōu)點，本句中提到rather than childlessness而不是不要孩子，說明晚要孩子是解決工作和孩子的折中的辦法，故選項中的L)compromise妥協(xié)，折中符合文意。而solution雖然也表示解決辦法，但不能表達夫婦們無可奈何的心情，故排除。

　　9.選F)。上題中已提到工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾即conflict，根據(jù)上下文意思，這個題相對容易。

　　10.選I)。這段一直在說一個家庭里男人和女人因為工作和要孩子的事情發(fā)生爭吵，那么將來要解決這個問題的仍然是家庭中的夫妻兩人，故這里應(yīng)填I(lǐng))couples。

　　導(dǎo)讀：The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well---grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousions. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced J)agricultural societies. But such families are hard to A)transplant. They are immobile.(The typical pre-industrial family=extended family)，第一段說明工業(yè)化前的大家庭模式的特點：很難流動。)

　　Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family C)gradually shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged---a stripped-down, portable family unit O)consisting only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more H)mobile than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties. Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development, M)requires even higher mobility. Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlinling process, a stePfurther by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more E)elemental components, aman and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than teh ordinarily child-cluttered family.(第二段與第一段形成對比，說明industrialism工業(yè)化要求家庭必須流動，導(dǎo)致大家庭變得越來越小，甚至只剩下最基本的成員：男人和女人。)

　　A D)transport may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in F)conflict between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many I)couples will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement. (最后一段說明工業(yè)化背景下，參加工作和要孩子之間存在矛盾。)

　　全文翻譯：工業(yè)化之前的典型的家庭模式不僅包括許多孩子，而且還有很多其他的家庭成員----祖父母，叔叔，嬸嬸，堂兄妹等。這樣的大家庭適合在慢節(jié)奏的農(nóng)業(yè)社會中生存，但這樣的家庭很難遷移和流動。工業(yè)化需要大量樂意并能夠離開家鄉(xiāng)外出尋找工作的工人，而且他們可以根據(jù)需要隨時流動。這樣，大家庭漸漸擺脫了多余的成員，而所謂的核心家庭便出現(xiàn)了：這種家庭是只包括父母和小孩的遷移方便的小家庭。這種遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比傳統(tǒng)大家庭更易于流動的新型家庭模式便成為所有工業(yè)國家的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式。然而，超級工業(yè)化，即下一個階段的生態(tài)科技的發(fā)展，要求家庭具有更大的流動性。因此我們期待：在將來，許多人采取繼續(xù)進一步縮小的家庭模式。除了孩子，把家庭縮減到它的最基本成員，即只有一個男人和一個女人。夫妻兩人，也許由于職業(yè)旗鼓相當(dāng)，將比孩子成群的家庭在接受教育和處理社會問題方面更加愛得心應(yīng)手，在更換工作類型和工作地點的方面更為有效。折中的解決辦法就是推遲要孩子，而不是不要孩子?，F(xiàn)在的男人和女人在忠于事業(yè)和撫養(yǎng)孩子之間總是引起沖突。在將來，許多夫婦會把全力以赴撫養(yǎng)孩子推遲到退休以后，以回避這一問題。

　　Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and phisical __1__ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very __2__ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN , POTS or the __3__ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.Good people communication is __4__ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your __5__ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note __6__ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more __7__ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot __8__.__9__, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to __10__ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.

　　A) fortunately

　　B) effective

　　C) images

　　D) articulate

　　E) facial

　　F) manage

　　G) decisions

　　H) connect

　　I) advanced

　　J) integrate

　　K) progressive

　　L) concepts

　　M)pictures

　　N) increasingly

　　O) important

　　【答案】

　　1.選C)?？崭裰幸畹氖敲~，從后面的......can be captured and transmitted可以選出選項中images和pictures，pictures指畫面，圖片，一般指靜態(tài)的情景;而文中的意思表達的是實時的電視會議，畫面應(yīng)該是動態(tài)的，images可以表示動態(tài)的形象，畫面，故C)images正確。

　　2.選I)。這里應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾the technology。選項中的advanced，progressive，important可以用來修飾the technology，注釋1說明了the technology中包含了很多行業(yè)術(shù)語，是很深奧的，排除important;而progressive上進的，進步的，強調(diào)尋求更好的，advanced領(lǐng)先的，有高深的，并非人人都能接受的含義，根據(jù)上下文I)advanced更符合題意。

　　3.選L)。首先判斷這里應(yīng)填名詞，再根據(jù)注釋2種用于解釋視頻會議工作原理的......，原文中有explain解釋，說明可以退出，選項中的名詞中concepts最符合題意。故選L)。

　　4.選O)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。這個分句后面說交流越多，你越可能成為正確的那一個，說明交流很重要，與本土的視頻會議-----一種交流的工具主題一致，這里應(yīng)該填important。

　　5.選G)。由空格后的ones可知，這里應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。前面提到the more interaction..., the more likely...be the right ones得到的交互信息越多，你的......就更有可能正確的。人們通過電視會議談判協(xié)商，了解得信息越多，自己的判斷，決策才會更正確。故這里應(yīng)填G)decisions。concepts概念是打擾項，這里和概念無關(guān)。

　　6.選E)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。由上文Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations視頻會議不僅可以讓你與不同地方的人說話，...expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking.......表情和姿態(tài)，從而讓你知道他們的真實想法，很明顯修飾expressions的應(yīng)該是facial，意思是面部表情。

　　7.選B)。此處要填形容詞，與more構(gòu)成形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。從后文by sharing documents and computer application通過共享文檔和計算機應(yīng)用，會議能更加......，這里電話會議的優(yōu)勢，也是其目的，即提高效率，故這里應(yīng)填B)effective。K)progressive進步的并不是電話會議要達到的目的，故排除。

　　8.選F)。此處應(yīng)填動詞原形。選項中的動詞原形有articulate，manage，integrate，connect，由原文可知，電視會議可以共享文檔和應(yīng)用計算機，而電話是不能做到的，以推斷這里填的詞表示做到，實現(xiàn)的詞，故只有manage設(shè)法，達成符合文意。

　　9.選N)?？梢酝茢啻颂帒?yīng)填副詞，選項中有fortunately和increasingly兩個副詞，本文全文都在說隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)達，電視電話會議越來越受歡迎，所以應(yīng)該是increasingly而不是fortunately幸運地。

　　10.選J)。此處應(yīng)填動詞原型，賓語是各種重要的會議工具。選項中還有articulate，integrate和connect三個位動詞原形。其中aiticulate作接合意思講的時候指的是單獨的事物由關(guān)節(jié)連接，connect連接表示將分離的東西連接在一起，而integrate強調(diào)的是各種事物結(jié)合，形成一個整體。integrate正確，故選J)。

　　Nowadays, is it possible to tell a persons class just by looking at him? Physical details __1__ tell us about health, diet and type of work done. A hundred years ago the working class very often lookd unhealthy, small and were either too thin or too fat. The upper classes were often __2__, sporting types who were used to a good diet and looked healthy. Today living and working conditions have improved, and such __3__ would no longer be so true.The clothes people choose to wear, however, do provide information about their __4__. The most obvious way in which is for the amount of money spent on them. Expensive clothes look expensive and show their wearer had money. Clothes can provide other __5__ as well. The upper classes __6__ to be less interested in fashion and wear good quality clothes in non-bright colours, made of natural material like wool, leather or cotton. Lower working class people often choose clothes in bright colours, made of man-made material. A sociological explanation for this would be that color and interest are mssing from their lives, and therefore any opportunity to introduce this is __7__.Clothes are __8__ at a price within most peoples reach. New clothes make the wearer feel good, and show some __9__ of wealth to the outside world. Today some new fashions are started by the lower working class people who want to look __10__ and feel important. They want people to look at them.