2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀更安靜的交通
Quieter traffic
更安靜的交通
When the rubber hits the road
當(dāng)橡膠遇上公路
Turning old tyres into new roads can help cut noisepollution
把舊輪胎建成新式道路可以減少噪音污染
AROUND one heart attack in 50 in rich European countries is caused by chronic exposure toloud traffic, according to the World Health Organisation.
據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織報(bào)道，在歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，平均每50個(gè)人就會(huì)有一個(gè)由于持續(xù)暴露在交通噪音中而患上心臟病。
The ill-effects of noise pollution in such countries are second only to those from dirty air,says the WHO. Long-term exposure can cause hormonal imbalances as well asmental-health problems.
WHO還說(shuō)，在這些國(guó)家，噪音污染產(chǎn)生的不良反應(yīng)僅次于空氣污染，長(zhǎng)期暴露不僅會(huì)造成激素失調(diào)，還會(huì)引發(fā)精神問(wèn)題。
Roadside barriers can help dampen the racket, but they are expensiveup to $600,000 perkilometreand they often serve as magnets for graffiti.
路邊聲屏障可以減少喧囂，但它們太貴了每公里高達(dá)60萬(wàn)美元，而且很容易變成亂涂亂畫的場(chǎng)所，
Besides, they work less well on windy days and are impractical along city streets. Happily,there is another option.
此外，它們?cè)诙囡L(fēng)的時(shí)候效果并不好，更何況在城市街道邊安裝也不大現(xiàn)實(shí)。幸運(yùn)的是，我們還有其他選擇。
By adding rubber crumbs, reclaimed from shredded tyres, to the bitumen and crushedstone used to make asphalt, engineers are designing quieter streets.
在瀝青和碎石里添加從輪胎碎片中回收的廢膠末，再鋪成柏油路，這樣工程師可以設(shè)計(jì)出更加安靜的街道。
First used experimentally in the 1960s, this rubberised, softer asphalt cuts traffic noise byaround 25%.
第一條試驗(yàn)性道路出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)60年代，這種加入橡膠而變得更柔軟的柏油路可以減少約25%的噪音，
Even better, it also lasts longer than the normal sort.
更棒的是它的壽命比普通路面更加持久。
Not surprisingly, rubberised asphalt is catching on.
參入橡膠的柏油路漸漸變得流行起來(lái)，
Enough tyres are recycled in America each year to produce 20,000 lane-miles of the stuff,enough to re-pave about 0.5% of America s roads, according to Liberty Tyre Recycling, aPittsburgh firm that handles around a third of America s recycled tyres.
這并不奇怪，根據(jù)自由輪胎回收公司的說(shuō)法，美國(guó)每年回收的輪胎足夠修建2萬(wàn)英里的橡膠柏油路，足夠重新鋪設(shè)美國(guó)0.5%的公路。
Rubber roads are also popular in China, Brazil, Spain and Germany.
在中國(guó)、巴西、西班牙和德國(guó)，這種橡膠路同樣非常流行，
Their popularity could spread further, since it is now possible to make rubberised asphaltless expensively than the traditional sort.
由于現(xiàn)在可以把橡膠柏油路的成本控制得比傳統(tǒng)路面還低，所以這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)越來(lái)越流行。
That is because rubber can partially replace bitumen, the binding agent used to hold thecrushed stones together in ordinary asphalt.
由于橡膠會(huì)部分替代瀝青，在傳統(tǒng)柏油里面，瀝青這種粘合劑的作用是把碎石裹在一起，
Bitumen is derived from oil, which means its price has risen over the past decade alongsidethat of crude oil.
而瀝青源于石油，這意味著過(guò)去十年其價(jià)格隨著原油價(jià)格的上漲而增加，
Discarded tyres, by contrast, are cheap and are likely to get cheaper.
相比之下，那些廢棄的輪胎不僅便宜，
In rich countries, around one tyre is thrown away per person per year.
而且會(huì)變得越來(lái)越便宜。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，平均每人每年都要扔掉一個(gè)輪胎，
They are piling up especially quickly in Europe, where dumping them into landfills was bannedin 2006.
輪胎的累積在歐洲特別迅速，因?yàn)?006年歐洲禁止把它們倒入垃圾堆。
Rubberised asphalt keeps the noise down in a couple of ways.
橡膠柏油能減小噪音的兩個(gè)原因如下：
Pores between the stones in standard asphalt must be small, because if the gaps are too bigthe bitumen binding cannot do its job properly.
在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)柏油里，碎石之間的氣孔必須很小，如果縫隙太大，瀝青就不能正常約束碎石，
Adding rubber thickens the bitumen.
橡膠的加入可以使瀝青變厚，
That allows bigger pores, which help to trap and disperse sound waves.
允許更大的氣孔存在，這樣就有助于捕獲和分散聲波;
The rubberised bitumen itself is flexible and slightly springy, which enables it to absorbmore unwanted sonic energy.
而參入了橡膠的瀝青本身也具有柔韌性和輕微的彈性，這可以使它吸收更多討厭的音波能量。
Shredded tyres are not the last word in exotic road toppings.
輪胎碎片并不是最新式的道路添加物，
A substance called PERS, or poro-elastic road surfacing, is being developed with a mix ofprivate and public money in the European Union.
歐盟依靠公共資金和私人資金開(kāi)發(fā)了一種叫PERS東西，
It is made from a blend of crushed rock, rubber and polyurethane, a synthetic plastic thatreplaces bitumen as the binding agent and allows even bigger pores in the road surface.
它由碎石、橡膠和聚氨酯制成，人造塑膠聚氨酯可以代替瀝青，因?yàn)檫@種粘合劑可以允許更大的氣孔存在于路面。
PERS is not cheap, costing around five times as much as rubberised asphalt.
PERS并不便宜，其成本幾乎是橡膠柏油的5倍，
But you get what you pay for:
但這完全物有所值，
tests suggest it can cut road noise in half.
據(jù)Luc Goubert測(cè)算，在一些特別吵鬧的地方可以減少一半的噪音。
In some particularly noisy areas, reckons Luc Goubert, who is co-ordinating the PERS projectat the Belgian Road Research Centre in Brussels, the resulting boost to propertyvaluesand, therefore, land taxescould help cover the cost.
這個(gè)結(jié)果也推動(dòng)了周邊的房產(chǎn)價(jià)格所以地稅或許可以幫助抵消掉成本。
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.rubber n.橡膠;橡皮;決勝局
Money plants and rubber plants are other all-timefavorites.
金錢樹(shù)和橡膠樹(shù)也是永恒的選擇。
2.pollution n.污染
You ll help reduce waste and air pollution.
您可以協(xié)助減少?gòu)U物和空氣污染。
3.chronic a.慢性的;長(zhǎng)期的
Chronic pain is an invisible and agonizing symptom.
慢性疼痛是一種無(wú)形的痛苦癥狀。
4.hormonal a.激素的，荷爾蒙的
Doctors hypothesize that the main problem is the hormones present in most milk products,which interfere with normal hormonal function.
醫(yī)生假設(shè)主要的問(wèn)題在于牛奶中的荷爾蒙含量，會(huì)打亂正常荷爾蒙的功能。
5.graffiti n.在墻上亂涂亂寫
Graffiti may even be as old as writing itself.
涂鴉甚至可以說(shuō)和文字的存在一樣久遠(yuǎn)。
Quieter traffic
更安靜的交通
When the rubber hits the road
當(dāng)橡膠遇上公路
Turning old tyres into new roads can help cut noisepollution
把舊輪胎建成新式道路可以減少噪音污染
AROUND one heart attack in 50 in rich European countries is caused by chronic exposure toloud traffic, according to the World Health Organisation.
據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織報(bào)道，在歐洲發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，平均每50個(gè)人就會(huì)有一個(gè)由于持續(xù)暴露在交通噪音中而患上心臟病。
The ill-effects of noise pollution in such countries are second only to those from dirty air,says the WHO. Long-term exposure can cause hormonal imbalances as well asmental-health problems.
WHO還說(shuō)，在這些國(guó)家，噪音污染產(chǎn)生的不良反應(yīng)僅次于空氣污染，長(zhǎng)期暴露不僅會(huì)造成激素失調(diào)，還會(huì)引發(fā)精神問(wèn)題。
Roadside barriers can help dampen the racket, but they are expensiveup to $600,000 perkilometreand they often serve as magnets for graffiti.
路邊聲屏障可以減少喧囂，但它們太貴了每公里高達(dá)60萬(wàn)美元，而且很容易變成亂涂亂畫的場(chǎng)所，
Besides, they work less well on windy days and are impractical along city streets. Happily,there is another option.
此外，它們?cè)诙囡L(fēng)的時(shí)候效果并不好，更何況在城市街道邊安裝也不大現(xiàn)實(shí)。幸運(yùn)的是，我們還有其他選擇。
By adding rubber crumbs, reclaimed from shredded tyres, to the bitumen and crushedstone used to make asphalt, engineers are designing quieter streets.
在瀝青和碎石里添加從輪胎碎片中回收的廢膠末，再鋪成柏油路，這樣工程師可以設(shè)計(jì)出更加安靜的街道。
First used experimentally in the 1960s, this rubberised, softer asphalt cuts traffic noise byaround 25%.
第一條試驗(yàn)性道路出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)60年代，這種加入橡膠而變得更柔軟的柏油路可以減少約25%的噪音，
Even better, it also lasts longer than the normal sort.
更棒的是它的壽命比普通路面更加持久。
Not surprisingly, rubberised asphalt is catching on.
參入橡膠的柏油路漸漸變得流行起來(lái)，
Enough tyres are recycled in America each year to produce 20,000 lane-miles of the stuff,enough to re-pave about 0.5% of America s roads, according to Liberty Tyre Recycling, aPittsburgh firm that handles around a third of America s recycled tyres.
這并不奇怪，根據(jù)自由輪胎回收公司的說(shuō)法，美國(guó)每年回收的輪胎足夠修建2萬(wàn)英里的橡膠柏油路，足夠重新鋪設(shè)美國(guó)0.5%的公路。
Rubber roads are also popular in China, Brazil, Spain and Germany.
在中國(guó)、巴西、西班牙和德國(guó)，這種橡膠路同樣非常流行，
Their popularity could spread further, since it is now possible to make rubberised asphaltless expensively than the traditional sort.
由于現(xiàn)在可以把橡膠柏油路的成本控制得比傳統(tǒng)路面還低，所以這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)越來(lái)越流行。
That is because rubber can partially replace bitumen, the binding agent used to hold thecrushed stones together in ordinary asphalt.
由于橡膠會(huì)部分替代瀝青，在傳統(tǒng)柏油里面，瀝青這種粘合劑的作用是把碎石裹在一起，
Bitumen is derived from oil, which means its price has risen over the past decade alongsidethat of crude oil.
而瀝青源于石油，這意味著過(guò)去十年其價(jià)格隨著原油價(jià)格的上漲而增加，
Discarded tyres, by contrast, are cheap and are likely to get cheaper.
相比之下，那些廢棄的輪胎不僅便宜，
In rich countries, around one tyre is thrown away per person per year.
而且會(huì)變得越來(lái)越便宜。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，平均每人每年都要扔掉一個(gè)輪胎，
They are piling up especially quickly in Europe, where dumping them into landfills was bannedin 2006.
輪胎的累積在歐洲特別迅速，因?yàn)?006年歐洲禁止把它們倒入垃圾堆。
Rubberised asphalt keeps the noise down in a couple of ways.
橡膠柏油能減小噪音的兩個(gè)原因如下：
Pores between the stones in standard asphalt must be small, because if the gaps are too bigthe bitumen binding cannot do its job properly.
在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)柏油里，碎石之間的氣孔必須很小，如果縫隙太大，瀝青就不能正常約束碎石，
Adding rubber thickens the bitumen.
橡膠的加入可以使瀝青變厚，
That allows bigger pores, which help to trap and disperse sound waves.
允許更大的氣孔存在，這樣就有助于捕獲和分散聲波;
The rubberised bitumen itself is flexible and slightly springy, which enables it to absorbmore unwanted sonic energy.
而參入了橡膠的瀝青本身也具有柔韌性和輕微的彈性，這可以使它吸收更多討厭的音波能量。
Shredded tyres are not the last word in exotic road toppings.
輪胎碎片并不是最新式的道路添加物，
A substance called PERS, or poro-elastic road surfacing, is being developed with a mix ofprivate and public money in the European Union.
歐盟依靠公共資金和私人資金開(kāi)發(fā)了一種叫PERS東西，
It is made from a blend of crushed rock, rubber and polyurethane, a synthetic plastic thatreplaces bitumen as the binding agent and allows even bigger pores in the road surface.
它由碎石、橡膠和聚氨酯制成，人造塑膠聚氨酯可以代替瀝青，因?yàn)檫@種粘合劑可以允許更大的氣孔存在于路面。
PERS is not cheap, costing around five times as much as rubberised asphalt.
PERS并不便宜，其成本幾乎是橡膠柏油的5倍，
But you get what you pay for:
但這完全物有所值，
tests suggest it can cut road noise in half.
據(jù)Luc Goubert測(cè)算，在一些特別吵鬧的地方可以減少一半的噪音。
In some particularly noisy areas, reckons Luc Goubert, who is co-ordinating the PERS projectat the Belgian Road Research Centre in Brussels, the resulting boost to propertyvaluesand, therefore, land taxescould help cover the cost.
這個(gè)結(jié)果也推動(dòng)了周邊的房產(chǎn)價(jià)格所以地稅或許可以幫助抵消掉成本。
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.rubber n.橡膠;橡皮;決勝局
Money plants and rubber plants are other all-timefavorites.
金錢樹(shù)和橡膠樹(shù)也是永恒的選擇。
2.pollution n.污染
You ll help reduce waste and air pollution.
您可以協(xié)助減少?gòu)U物和空氣污染。
3.chronic a.慢性的;長(zhǎng)期的
Chronic pain is an invisible and agonizing symptom.
慢性疼痛是一種無(wú)形的痛苦癥狀。
4.hormonal a.激素的，荷爾蒙的
Doctors hypothesize that the main problem is the hormones present in most milk products,which interfere with normal hormonal function.
醫(yī)生假設(shè)主要的問(wèn)題在于牛奶中的荷爾蒙含量，會(huì)打亂正常荷爾蒙的功能。
5.graffiti n.在墻上亂涂亂寫
Graffiti may even be as old as writing itself.
涂鴉甚至可以說(shuō)和文字的存在一樣久遠(yuǎn)。
