從零開始學(xué)語法:非延續(xù)性動詞的用法特征
1. 非延續(xù)性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:
The train has arrived. 火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2. 非延續(xù)性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定句)。如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續(xù)性動詞,不能與表示時間段的狀語連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:
a. 將句中非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。
b. 將句中表示時間段的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。
c. 用句型It is+段時間+since...表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。
d. 用句型時間+has passed+since...表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。
3. 非延續(xù)性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示時間段的狀語連用。如:
He hasnt left here since 1986. 從1986年以來他就沒離開過這里。
I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已經(jīng)兩周沒收到我父親的來信了。
4. 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成not+終止性動詞+until/till...的句型,意為直到才。如:
You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才去睡覺。
5. 非延續(xù)性動詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。
因?yàn)閣hen表示的時間可以是時間點(diǎn)(從句謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞),也可以是時間段(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞);而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve oclock.(reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away為延續(xù)性動詞短語)
6. 終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定句)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
1. 非延續(xù)性動詞可用來表示某一動作完成,因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如:
The train has arrived. 火車到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入電腦小組了嗎?
2. 非延續(xù)性動詞表示的動作極其短暫,不能持續(xù)。因此,不可與表示一段時間的狀語連用(只限肯定句)。如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
誤:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他來這兒五天了。
誤:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come為非延續(xù)性動詞,不能與表示時間段的狀語連用。那么,應(yīng)如何正確表達(dá)呢?可以采用下面的四種方法:
a. 將句中非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞,如上面兩例中的第一種正確表達(dá)方式。下面列舉幾例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。
b. 將句中表示時間段的狀語改為表示過去確定時間的狀語,如下面兩例中的第二種正確表達(dá)方式。
c. 用句型It is+段時間+since...表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第三種正確表達(dá)方式。
d. 用句型時間+has passed+since...表達(dá)原意,如上面兩例中的第四種正確表達(dá)方式。
3. 非延續(xù)性動詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時否定式中,成為可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因而可與表示時間段的狀語連用。如:
He hasnt left here since 1986. 從1986年以來他就沒離開過這里。
I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已經(jīng)兩周沒收到我父親的來信了。
4. 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式與until/till連用,構(gòu)成not+終止性動詞+until/till...的句型,意為直到才。如:
You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能離開這里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我畫完畫,我才去睡覺。
5. 非延續(xù)性動詞可以用于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,但不可以用于while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中。
因?yàn)閣hen表示的時間可以是時間點(diǎn)(從句謂語動詞用非延續(xù)性動詞),也可以是時間段(從句謂語動詞用延續(xù)性動詞);而while表示的是一個較長的時間或過程,從句謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve oclock.(reach為終止性動詞)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away為延續(xù)性動詞短語)
6. 終止性動詞完成時不可與how long連用(只限于肯定句)。如:
誤:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?