初中英語常見錯(cuò)誤之H系列

　　had better

　　[誤] You have better hurry.

　　[正] You had better hurry.

　　[析] had better只用過去時(shí)had，不要誤用成現(xiàn)在時(shí)have。

　　[誤] You hadnt better worry.

　　[正] You had better not worry.

　　[析] had better后面加不帶to的不定式，其否定式是had better not+動詞原形。

　　half

　　[誤] I had driven about half mile.

　　[正] I had driven about half a mile.

　　[析] 半小時(shí)有兩種講法half an hour, a half hour. 而一個(gè)半小時(shí)應(yīng)講an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天應(yīng)講half a day，半鎊應(yīng)講half a pound.但要盡量避免使用half a year，而應(yīng)用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.

　　[誤] Half us could go to the park.

　　[正] Half of us could go to the park.

　　[析] half用于名詞前可用of結(jié)構(gòu)也可不用of結(jié)構(gòu)，但用于代詞前則必須加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.

　　[誤] One and half apples are left on the table.

　　[正] One and half apples is left on the table.

　　[析] 一個(gè)半one and half后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數(shù)。

　　[誤] Half of the work are done.

　　[正] Half of the work is done.

　　[誤] Half of the six apples is red.

　　[正] Half of the six apples are red.

　　[析] half of+名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的謂語動詞應(yīng)與of后面的名詞相一致，如為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，要用單數(shù)謂語動詞;而復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面要加與復(fù)數(shù)相對應(yīng)的謂語動詞。

　　hand

　　[誤] He shook hand with his teacher.

　　[正] He shook hands with his teacher.

　　[析] 與某人握手要用shake hands. 與hand有關(guān)的詞組中有很多要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：change hands (轉(zhuǎn)手、易手)，in the hands of (由控制)，join hands (與人合作)。

　　happen

　　[誤] What was happened to you last month

　　[正] What happened to you last month

　　[誤] An accident was happened in this street last night.

　　[正] An accident happened in this street last night.

　　[析] 在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態(tài)，作為發(fā)生講的happen，take place和break out都不具有被動態(tài)。happen to常用來表達(dá)一件偶然發(fā)生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.

　　hard

　　[誤] I have to study hardly.

　　[正] I have to study hard.

　　[析] hard是形容詞，如：a hard work，但它同時(shí)也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式，但詞意截然不同，意為幾乎不。

　　[誤] I had my leg broken last term， so I couldnt hardly study at all.

　　[正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.

　　[析] hardly意為否定，所以不要再加否定詞語了，如果hardly用于句首則應(yīng)采用倒裝語序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

　　have

　　[誤] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.

　　[正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.

　　[析] 用have somebody do something還是doing something要取決句子的意思和句中的時(shí)間狀語。

　　[誤] I have my bike to repair.

　　[正] I have my bike repaired.

　　[析] have something done這一句型是讓某事被別人去作，請看下面兩句意義的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行車。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)

　　[誤] Could you give me some money if you have.

　　[正] Could you give me some money if you have any.

　　[析] 如果你有的話一句譯為英文應(yīng)加上any一詞，如：I want some books if there is any.

　　headache

　　[誤] Ive got headache.

　　[正] Ive got a headache.

　　[析] Headache是一個(gè)規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞，所以可以講：My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache，肚子痛stomacheache等卻都可以用作不可數(shù)名詞，如：Ive got toothache. 但也可用作可數(shù)名詞。

　　hear

　　[誤] He was heard sing in the next room.

　　[正] He was heard to sing in the next room.

　　[析] hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現(xiàn)上述問題。如，主動態(tài)：I heard her singing in the next room. 變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時(shí)為：She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。

　　hear listen to

　　hear一詞為聽見了什么，或聽到什么，強(qiáng)調(diào)其結(jié)果;而listen to則強(qiáng)調(diào)有意要聽，聽的傾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.

　　但詞組hear about (of)則為聽說過之意，如：I heard about this. (我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為收到某人信件之意：I often hear from my girl friend.

　　help

　　[誤] Please help my homework.

　　[正] Please help me do my homework.

　　[正] Please help me with my homework.

　　[析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為幫某人作某事，但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個(gè)動作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母親一起作飯。而He help me to do my homework. 則是他指導(dǎo)我做作業(yè)。但在現(xiàn)代英語中這個(gè)區(qū)別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同，并無區(qū)別。

　　[誤] When I read the play I cant help to think of my childhood.

　　[正] When I read the play I cant help thinking of my childhood.

　　[析] cant help doing something是身不由己，情不自禁做某事。

　　[誤] Help yourself with some cakes.

　　[正] Help yourself to some cakes.

　　[析] 中文中講你自己拿蛋糕吃，英文中要用help somebody to something.

　　here

　　[誤] Here the bus comes!

　　[正] Here comes the bus!

　　[析] 副詞在句首時(shí)一般要用倒裝語序，即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是，若主語如是人稱代詞，則還是要用正常語序，如：Here we are!

　　high

　　[誤] He is very high.

　　[正] He is very tall.

　　[析] 英語中的兩個(gè)高h(yuǎn)igh和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high則只指物體的高，所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。

　　hit

　　[誤] The mother got angry and hit the boy.

　　[正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.

　　[析] hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打擊，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。

　　home

　　[誤] Im tired. Its time I went to home.

　　[正] Im tired. Its time I went home.

　　[析] home此處用作副詞，所以不應(yīng)加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外，還有像在家里一樣之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)

　　home house family

　　home是指與親人一起居住的地方，可以講a letter from home，所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側(cè)重點(diǎn)則在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞，作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，如：My family are all like swimming.

　　homgwork

　　[誤] I have so many homework to do today.

　　[正] I have so much homework go do today.

　　[析] homework為不可數(shù)名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為著作、作品、工廠講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞)，fun，health information等。

　　hope

　　[誤] I hope you to be a good student.

　　[正] I hope you will be a good student.

　　[析] hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，但它可以接不定式作賓語，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：I wish you to be a good student.

　　[誤] I dont hope you will go to the park tomorrow.

　　[正] I hope you wont go to the park tomorrow.

　　[析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。應(yīng)譯為：I dont think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中我不這樣認(rèn)為應(yīng)譯為I dont think so.或I hope not.

　　[誤] I hope your help.

　　[正] I hope for your help.

　　[析] hope for為期望某事發(fā)生，雖然hope是及物動詞，但表達(dá)期望某事情發(fā)生要用hope for+名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[誤] I was hopeful to pass the exam.

　　[正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.

　　[析] 對某事存有希望應(yīng)用hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語這一結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　hospital

　　[誤] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.

　　[正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.

　　[析] in hospital為住院就醫(yī)。而in (at) the hospital 為在醫(yī)院(工作)。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多，如：上學(xué)為go to school，at school為在校就讀，go to bed為上床睡覺。

　　how

　　[誤] I want to know how to do.

　　[正] I want to know how to do it.

　　[析] how 是關(guān)聯(lián)副詞，要注意與關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.

　　[誤] How do you think about it

　　[正] What do you think about it

　　[析] 英文中表達(dá)你對某事的看法如何應(yīng)用What do you think about這一句式。

　　hurry

　　[誤] Lets hurry. There is a little time left.

　　[正] Lets hurry. There is little time left.

　　[誤] Dont worry. There is little time left.

　　[正] Dont worry. There is a little time left.

　　[析] 請注意英語中的慣用法：快點(diǎn)吧，沒時(shí)間了，或別著急還有一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

　　[誤] The car is hurrying through the street.

　　[正] The car is rushing throught the street.

　　[析] hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。

　　hundred

　　[誤] There are two hundreds people here.

　　[正] There are two hundred people here.

　　[誤] There are hundred of people here.

　　[正] There are hundreds of people here.

　　[析] hundred一詞前如有數(shù)字時(shí)不論多少其后都不加s，這和thousand(千)等數(shù)量詞的用法一樣，而hundreds of是數(shù)百的，這一詞組一定要加s.

　　hurt

　　[誤] I dont want to wound her feelings.

　　[正] I dont want to hurt her feelings.

　　[析] wound是指戰(zhàn)場上的刀槍傷(名詞)，或用刀槍傷害、打傷(動詞)。

　　had better

　　[誤] You have better hurry.

　　[正] You had better hurry.

　　[析] had better只用過去時(shí)had，不要誤用成現(xiàn)在時(shí)have。

　　[誤] You hadnt better worry.

　　[正] You had better not worry.

　　[析] had better后面加不帶to的不定式，其否定式是had better not+動詞原形。

　　half

　　[誤] I had driven about half mile.

　　[正] I had driven about half a mile.

　　[析] 半小時(shí)有兩種講法half an hour, a half hour. 而一個(gè)半小時(shí)應(yīng)講an hour and a half或one and a half hours.半天應(yīng)講half a day，半鎊應(yīng)講half a pound.但要盡量避免使用half a year，而應(yīng)用six months;不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.

　　[誤] Half us could go to the park.

　　[正] Half of us could go to the park.

　　[析] half用于名詞前可用of結(jié)構(gòu)也可不用of結(jié)構(gòu)，但用于代詞前則必須加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.

　　[誤] One and half apples are left on the table.

　　[正] One and half apples is left on the table.

　　[析] 一個(gè)半one and half后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，而句中的謂語動詞卻要用單數(shù)。

　　[誤] Half of the work are done.

　　[正] Half of the work is done.

　　[誤] Half of the six apples is red.

　　[正] Half of the six apples are red.

　　[析] half of+名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的謂語動詞應(yīng)與of后面的名詞相一致，如為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，要用單數(shù)謂語動詞;而復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面要加與復(fù)數(shù)相對應(yīng)的謂語動詞。

　　hand

　　[誤] He shook hand with his teacher.

　　[正] He shook hands with his teacher.

　　[析] 與某人握手要用shake hands. 與hand有關(guān)的詞組中有很多要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：change hands (轉(zhuǎn)手、易手)，in the hands of (由控制)，join hands (與人合作)。

　　happen

　　[誤] What was happened to you last month

　　[正] What happened to you last month

　　[誤] An accident was happened in this street last night.

　　[正] An accident happened in this street last night.

　　[析] 在英語中不及物動詞沒有被動態(tài)，作為發(fā)生講的happen，take place和break out都不具有被動態(tài)。happen to常用來表達(dá)一件偶然發(fā)生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.

　　hard

　　[誤] I have to study hardly.

　　[正] I have to study hard.

　　[析] hard是形容詞，如：a hard work，但它同時(shí)也是副詞。hardly是hard的又一副詞形式，但詞意截然不同，意為幾乎不。

　　[誤] I had my leg broken last term， so I couldnt hardly study at all.

　　[正] I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.

　　[析] hardly意為否定，所以不要再加否定詞語了，如果hardly用于句首則應(yīng)采用倒裝語序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.

　　have

　　[誤] I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.

　　[正] I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.

　　[析] 用have somebody do something還是doing something要取決句子的意思和句中的時(shí)間狀語。

　　[誤] I have my bike to repair.

　　[正] I have my bike repaired.

　　[析] have something done這一句型是讓某事被別人去作，請看下面兩句意義的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行車。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把車推出去讓別人修理了。)

　　[誤] Could you give me some money if you have.

　　[正] Could you give me some money if you have any.

　　[析] 如果你有的話一句譯為英文應(yīng)加上any一詞，如：I want some books if there is any.

　　headache

　　[誤] Ive got headache.

　　[正] Ive got a headache.

　　[析] Headache是一個(gè)規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞，所以可以講：My mother often gets headaches. 但是牙痛toothache，肚子痛stomacheache等卻都可以用作不可數(shù)名詞，如：Ive got toothache. 但也可用作可數(shù)名詞。

　　hear

　　[誤] He was heard sing in the next room.

　　[正] He was heard to sing in the next room.

　　[析] hear somebody do something這一句式用于被動語態(tài)時(shí)要把原來省略的不定式to還原回來。而在hear somebody doing something這一句式中則不會出現(xiàn)上述問題。如，主動態(tài)：I heard her singing in the next room. 變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時(shí)為：She was heard singing in the next room. 這種用法還適用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。

　　hear listen to

　　hear一詞為聽見了什么，或聽到什么，強(qiáng)調(diào)其結(jié)果;而listen to則強(qiáng)調(diào)有意要聽，聽的傾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.

　　但詞組hear about (of)則為聽說過之意，如：I heard about this. (我聽說過此事。)而hear from則為收到某人信件之意：I often hear from my girl friend.

　　help

　　[誤] Please help my homework.

　　[正] Please help me do my homework.

　　[正] Please help me with my homework.

　　[析] help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意為幫某人作某事，但在較古老的語法中不帶to的不定式表示句子的主語參加這個(gè)動作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即他和母親一起作飯。而He help me to do my homework. 則是他指導(dǎo)我做作業(yè)。但在現(xiàn)代英語中這個(gè)區(qū)別則往往被取消了。所以帶to與不帶to的不定式在句中意思相同，并無區(qū)別。

　　[誤] When I read the play I cant help to think of my childhood.

　　[正] When I read the play I cant help thinking of my childhood.

　　[析] cant help doing something是身不由己，情不自禁做某事。

　　[誤] Help yourself with some cakes.

　　[正] Help yourself to some cakes.

　　[析] 中文中講你自己拿蛋糕吃，英文中要用help somebody to something.

　　here

　　[誤] Here the bus comes!

　　[正] Here comes the bus!

　　[析] 副詞在句首時(shí)一般要用倒裝語序，即謂語動詞的位置前移。但是，若主語如是人稱代詞，則還是要用正常語序，如：Here we are!

　　high

　　[誤] He is very high.

　　[正] He is very tall.

　　[析] 英語中的兩個(gè)高h(yuǎn)igh和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high則只指物體的高，所以可以講This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用來指山脈的高低。

　　hit

　　[誤] The mother got angry and hit the boy.

　　[正] The mother got angry and beat the boy.

　　[析] hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打擊，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把頭撞到了墻上。)而beat則指多次性的打擊。

　　home

　　[誤] Im tired. Its time I went to home.

　　[正] Im tired. Its time I went home.

　　[析] home此處用作副詞，所以不應(yīng)加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了在家之意外，還有像在家里一樣之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一樣。)

　　home house family

　　home是指與親人一起居住的地方，可以講a letter from home，所以有人解釋home包括住處和家人。而house的側(cè)重點(diǎn)則在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一詞，作為整體講其謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：Her family is a happy one.而作為家庭成員講時(shí)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，如：My family are all like swimming.

　　homgwork

　　[誤] I have so many homework to do today.

　　[正] I have so much homework go do today.

　　[析] homework為不可數(shù)名詞。同樣的詞還有work(work作為著作、作品、工廠講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞)，fun，health information等。

　　hope

　　[誤] I hope you to be a good student.

　　[正] I hope you will be a good student.

　　[析] hope一詞不能接賓語再加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，但它可以接不定式作賓語，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish卻可以接賓語加賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：I wish you to be a good student.

　　[誤] I dont hope you will go to the park tomorrow.

　　[正] I hope you wont go to the park tomorrow.

　　[析] hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。應(yīng)譯為：I dont think you are right.即否定在前。而hope則不能這樣用。又如在答語中我不這樣認(rèn)為應(yīng)譯為I dont think so.或I hope not.

　　[誤] I hope your help.

　　[正] I hope for your help.

　　[析] hope for為期望某事發(fā)生，雖然hope是及物動詞，但表達(dá)期望某事情發(fā)生要用hope for+名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　[誤] I was hopeful to pass the exam.

　　[正] I was hopeful of passing the exam.

　　[析] 對某事存有希望應(yīng)用hopeful of (about)+介詞賓語這一結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　hospital

　　[誤] My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.

　　[正] My mother was in hospital for two weeks.

　　[析] in hospital為住院就醫(yī)。而in (at) the hospital 為在醫(yī)院(工作)。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.類似的用法還有很多，如：上學(xué)為go to school，at school為在校就讀，go to bed為上床睡覺。

　　how

　　[誤] I want to know how to do.

　　[正] I want to know how to do it.

　　[析] how 是關(guān)聯(lián)副詞，要注意與關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.

　　[誤] How do you think about it

　　[正] What do you think about it

　　[析] 英文中表達(dá)你對某事的看法如何應(yīng)用What do you think about這一句式。

　　hurry

　　[誤] Lets hurry. There is a little time left.

　　[正] Lets hurry. There is little time left.

　　[誤] Dont worry. There is little time left.

　　[正] Dont worry. There is a little time left.

　　[析] 請注意英語中的慣用法：快點(diǎn)吧，沒時(shí)間了，或別著急還有一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

　　[誤] The car is hurrying through the street.

　　[正] The car is rushing throught the street.

　　[析] hurry一詞只用于人而不用于物體。

　　hundred

　　[誤] There are two hundreds people here.

　　[正] There are two hundred people here.

　　[誤] There are hundred of people here.

　　[正] There are hundreds of people here.

　　[析] hundred一詞前如有數(shù)字時(shí)不論多少其后都不加s，這和thousand(千)等數(shù)量詞的用法一樣，而hundreds of是數(shù)百的，這一詞組一定要加s.

　　hurt

　　[誤] I dont want to wound her feelings.

　　[正] I dont want to hurt her feelings.

　　[析] wound是指戰(zhàn)場上的刀槍傷(名詞)，或用刀槍傷害、打傷(動詞)。