職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解常見(jiàn)題型及解題技巧4

　　職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解常見(jiàn)題型及解題技巧4

　　例1

　　Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.

　　During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that youre hot. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John! Youll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.

　　You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.

　　If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.

　　Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

　　1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably

　　A. he is a lazy person

　　B. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle

　　C. he is not sure when his energy is low

　　D. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening

　　本題在形式上是一個(gè)條件句，但實(shí)質(zhì)上是要讀者搞清楚人們能否早起同什么有關(guān)。也就是說(shuō)，本題要求找到文章的第一句和其他有關(guān)句子的聯(lián)系。文章的第二句說(shuō)，有人可能會(huì)把這說(shuō)成是懶散，但 Kleitman博士卻另有解釋。 因此選項(xiàng)A顯然不對(duì)。再根據(jù)文章第二段中John的自言自語(yǔ)，以及緊接著的解釋?zhuān)篔ohn is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening.依此推理，不能早起，則很可能和這個(gè)人的能量周期有關(guān)。因此選項(xiàng)D應(yīng)是正確答案。

　　2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

　　A. Unawareness of energy cycles.

　　B. Familiar monologues.

　　C. A change in a family members energy cycle.

　　D. Attempts to control the energy cycles of other family members.

　　本題的關(guān)鍵是看懂文章第二段的最后一句，同時(shí)聯(lián)系本段的第四旬和第五旬的意思。該旬的直接意思是如果丈夫和妻子能明白能量周期是怎么回事，以及家庭每個(gè)成員有什么樣的周期，很多家庭爭(zhēng)吵就會(huì)停止。也就是說(shuō)，家庭爭(zhēng)吵的發(fā)生是因?yàn)檎煞蚝推拮硬涣私饽芰恐芷谑窃趺椿厥?，更談不上了解每個(gè)家庭成員有什么樣的能量周期了。因此A項(xiàng)：Unawareness of energy cycles應(yīng)是正確答案。

　　3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _______.

　　A. change his energy cycle

　　B. overcome his laziness

　　C. get up earlier than usual

　　D. go to bed earlier

　　本題要求讀者找出文章第三段中的最后兩句，并聯(lián)系本段開(kāi)頭兩旬的意思，作出正確判斷。 文章第三段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)，雖然你無(wú)法改變自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活適合這一周期。Dr. Kleitman認(rèn)為經(jīng)常性的行為能起作用。最后兩句又說(shuō)，rise before your usual hourwork beaer at your low point.因此選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。

　　4. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.

　　A. help to keep your energy for the days work

　　B. help you to control your temper early in the day

　　C. enable you to concentrate on your routine work

　　D. keep your energy cycle under control all day

　　本題問(wèn)的是因果關(guān)系?；卮疬@一問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是看懂文章最后一段的第二句和其他句子的聯(lián)系。首先要注意這一段的第一句Get off to a slow start which saves your energy，也就是說(shuō)早上慢慢起床可以節(jié)省能量。緊接該句的三個(gè)句子都是慢慢起床的具體做法。因此選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。

　　例2

　　We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.

　　The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week,8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.

　　The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.

　　This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.

　　1. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems

　　A. to change shifts at longer intervals

　　B. to have longer shifts

　　C. to employ people who work on night shifts only

　　D. to create better living conditions for night workers

　　本題考核讀者對(duì)文章具體內(nèi)容的理解。這需要聯(lián)系和概括第三段的第一句和第四段第一句的意思。第三段第一句說(shuō)，要真正解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎只有把夜班活固定地交給一批長(zhǎng)夜班的工人去干。第四段第一句又說(shuō)，這種專(zhuān)人干長(zhǎng)久的夜班的方法看來(lái)不失為最佳的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)之計(jì)。所以選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。

　　5.根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推論

　　判斷和推理的能力對(duì)深刻理解一篇文章十分重要。特別是對(duì)理解作者字里行間的言外之意以及作者的觀點(diǎn)、寫(xiě)作意圖和態(tài)度十分重要。所以這也是閱讀理解測(cè)試中常見(jiàn)的題目?jī)?nèi)容。這類(lèi)題常要求考生推斷文章的含義和引申意思;根據(jù)文章所提供的部分信息或文章的含義進(jìn)行歸納;判斷所節(jié)選文章的某一部分的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn);有時(shí)甚至要求推斷作者的身分。下面是判斷、推理的一些常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式：

　　1. What is implied in the sentence ... ?

　　2. It is implied in the passage that

　　3. The passage implies / suggests that

　　4. It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that

　　5. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?

　　6. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?

　　7. Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage?

　　8. Based on the passage, we can assume that

　　9. We can learn from the passage that the author is

　　10. In Which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?

　　11. The paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss

　　12. What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss

　　職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)閱讀理解常見(jiàn)題型及解題技巧4

　　例1

　　Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that its painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.

　　During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that youre hot. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John! Youll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.

　　You cant change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.

　　If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.

　　Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

　　1. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably

　　A. he is a lazy person

　　B. he refuses to follow his own energy cycle

　　C. he is not sure when his energy is low

　　D. he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening

　　本題在形式上是一個(gè)條件句，但實(shí)質(zhì)上是要讀者搞清楚人們能否早起同什么有關(guān)。也就是說(shuō)，本題要求找到文章的第一句和其他有關(guān)句子的聯(lián)系。文章的第二句說(shuō)，有人可能會(huì)把這說(shuō)成是懶散，但 Kleitman博士卻另有解釋。 因此選項(xiàng)A顯然不對(duì)。再根據(jù)文章第二段中John的自言自語(yǔ)，以及緊接著的解釋?zhuān)篔ohn is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening.依此推理，不能早起，則很可能和這個(gè)人的能量周期有關(guān)。因此選項(xiàng)D應(yīng)是正確答案。

　　2. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

　　A. Unawareness of energy cycles.

　　B. Familiar monologues.

　　C. A change in a family members energy cycle.

　　D. Attempts to control the energy cycles of other family members.

　　本題的關(guān)鍵是看懂文章第二段的最后一句，同時(shí)聯(lián)系本段的第四旬和第五旬的意思。該旬的直接意思是如果丈夫和妻子能明白能量周期是怎么回事，以及家庭每個(gè)成員有什么樣的周期，很多家庭爭(zhēng)吵就會(huì)停止。也就是說(shuō)，家庭爭(zhēng)吵的發(fā)生是因?yàn)檎煞蚝推拮硬涣私饽芰恐芷谑窃趺椿厥?，更談不上了解每個(gè)家庭成員有什么樣的能量周期了。因此A項(xiàng)：Unawareness of energy cycles應(yīng)是正確答案。

　　3. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _______.

　　A. change his energy cycle

　　B. overcome his laziness

　　C. get up earlier than usual

　　D. go to bed earlier

　　本題要求讀者找出文章第三段中的最后兩句，并聯(lián)系本段開(kāi)頭兩旬的意思，作出正確判斷。 文章第三段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)，雖然你無(wú)法改變自己的能量周期，但你可以使你的生活適合這一周期。Dr. Kleitman認(rèn)為經(jīng)常性的行為能起作用。最后兩句又說(shuō)，rise before your usual hourwork beaer at your low point.因此選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。

　　4. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.

　　A. help to keep your energy for the days work

　　B. help you to control your temper early in the day

　　C. enable you to concentrate on your routine work

　　D. keep your energy cycle under control all day

　　本題問(wèn)的是因果關(guān)系。回答這一問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是看懂文章最后一段的第二句和其他句子的聯(lián)系。首先要注意這一段的第一句Get off to a slow start which saves your energy，也就是說(shuō)早上慢慢起床可以節(jié)省能量。緊接該句的三個(gè)句子都是慢慢起床的具體做法。因此選項(xiàng)A是正確答案。

　　例2

　　We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.

　　The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week,8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.

　　The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.

　　This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.

　　1. The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems

　　A. to change shifts at longer intervals

　　B. to have longer shifts

　　C. to employ people who work on night shifts only

　　D. to create better living conditions for night workers

　　本題考核讀者對(duì)文章具體內(nèi)容的理解。這需要聯(lián)系和概括第三段的第一句和第四段第一句的意思。第三段第一句說(shuō)，要真正解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎只有把夜班活固定地交給一批長(zhǎng)夜班的工人去干。第四段第一句又說(shuō)，這種專(zhuān)人干長(zhǎng)久的夜班的方法看來(lái)不失為最佳的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)之計(jì)。所以選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。

　　5.根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷和推論

　　判斷和推理的能力對(duì)深刻理解一篇文章十分重要。特別是對(duì)理解作者字里行間的言外之意以及作者的觀點(diǎn)、寫(xiě)作意圖和態(tài)度十分重要。所以這也是閱讀理解測(cè)試中常見(jiàn)的題目?jī)?nèi)容。這類(lèi)題常要求考生推斷文章的含義和引申意思;根據(jù)文章所提供的部分信息或文章的含義進(jìn)行歸納;判斷所節(jié)選文章的某一部分的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn);有時(shí)甚至要求推斷作者的身分。下面是判斷、推理的一些常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)方式：

　　1. What is implied in the sentence ... ?

　　2. It is implied in the passage that

　　3. The passage implies / suggests that

　　4. It can be inferred/seen/concluded from the passage that

　　5. Which of the following can be inferred from this passage?

　　6. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?

　　7. Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage?

　　8. Based on the passage, we can assume that

　　9. We can learn from the passage that the author is

　　10. In Which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?

　　11. The paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss

　　12. What would the paragraph preceding this passage probably discuss