高中英語語法-書面表達中組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練
書面表達中組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練(二)
二、結(jié)構(gòu)完整
一個完整的句子是由至少包含一個主語和一個謂語的一組詞構(gòu)成的。結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的情形通常有下列一些:
1、 錯誤省略
用詞簡潔是句子寫作的一個基本原則,但是省略也得遵循一定的規(guī)則,不可隨意省掉一些屬于固定搭配或有助于理解句意的詞。例:
錯誤:Youd better do it as were told.
正確:Youd better do it as told to.
原句中as從句系一個省略結(jié)構(gòu),補全后為as you were told to do it,這一結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂部分在省略時應(yīng)該主語和謂語同時省略,后面不定式若要省略必須保留不定式符號to。
2、斷句
句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,寫出的句子常常只是一個不能獨立存在的短語或從句。
斷句:How we should cut off the electricity.
完整句:How should we cut off the electricity?
完整句:This is how we should cut off the electricity.
3、連寫句
當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的獨立句子被錯誤地用逗號隔開或根本就沒有標(biāo)點符號相連時,就形成了連寫句。例如:
She cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
改正這種句子可以根據(jù)句意采用以下四種方法中的一種或多種:
⑴中間用句號使各個句子獨立。She cleaned the room. Her mother prepared the supper.
⑵如果兩個句子意思聯(lián)系緊密,也可用分號分開,分號后的句子以小寫字母開頭。She cleaned the room; her mother prepared the supper.
?、莾蓚€句子若同等重要,可用并列連詞and, but, for等連成并列句。并列連詞前可以加上逗號,也可不加。She cleaned the room, and her mother prepared the supper.
?、热绻麅蓚€句子有一個比另一個地位更重要,則可以將次要的那個句子改為從句。When she cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
值得一提的是however, therefore(因此),besides(再說), now, then等連接性副詞不能像and, but, for等連詞那樣單獨連接兩個完整的句子,必須借助于句號、逗號或分號來使句子完整。例如:
He said the story happened in Japan;however, he was wrong.
有的句子從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上看是完整的,但從意義上說卻是不完整的,如Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities. 這一句就最好加一個in China這樣的狀語來限定其范圍。
句意不完整的另一種現(xiàn)象是一個主次分明的句子有了兩個以上的中心。例如:I was walking in the park this afternoon, and saw a tiger.改正的方法主要是將其中的次要部分改為從句、修飾語或同位語。該句可以改為When I was walking in the park this afternoon, I saw a tiger.
練習(xí):將下列句子改為結(jié)構(gòu)完整或意義完整的句子。
1. While I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
2. I like Mary as much as Jane.
3. Will you come to the party, too? Id like, but I must finish my homework first.
4. The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.
5. This is the best film.
參考答案:
1.改為I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
原句主干部分是一個時間狀語從句,后面的that從句是作為定語修飾city的,故原句是一個殘缺句。
2.改為I like Mary as much as I like Jane. 或I like Mary as much as Jane does.
在含有比較結(jié)構(gòu)的主從句中,若主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞,從句中要注意將意思交待清楚,不能隨意省略。
3.原句在Id like后省略了動詞不定式,但按規(guī)則不定式符號to應(yīng)予保留。
4.改為Being made of glass, the hall is different from all other buildings.
原句是一個連寫句,兩個獨立的句子之間必須用句號或分號隔開,或者加上合適的連詞,也可將其中一個意思次要的句子改為從句或修飾性短語。
5. 改為This is the best film that Ive ever seen.
原句意義不完整,需要加上修飾語來限定其范圍。
書面表達中組詞成句的原則與訓(xùn)練(二)
二、結(jié)構(gòu)完整
一個完整的句子是由至少包含一個主語和一個謂語的一組詞構(gòu)成的。結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的情形通常有下列一些:
1、 錯誤省略
用詞簡潔是句子寫作的一個基本原則,但是省略也得遵循一定的規(guī)則,不可隨意省掉一些屬于固定搭配或有助于理解句意的詞。例:
錯誤:Youd better do it as were told.
正確:Youd better do it as told to.
原句中as從句系一個省略結(jié)構(gòu),補全后為as you were told to do it,這一結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂部分在省略時應(yīng)該主語和謂語同時省略,后面不定式若要省略必須保留不定式符號to。
2、斷句
句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,寫出的句子常常只是一個不能獨立存在的短語或從句。
斷句:How we should cut off the electricity.
完整句:How should we cut off the electricity?
完整句:This is how we should cut off the electricity.
3、連寫句
當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上的獨立句子被錯誤地用逗號隔開或根本就沒有標(biāo)點符號相連時,就形成了連寫句。例如:
She cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
改正這種句子可以根據(jù)句意采用以下四種方法中的一種或多種:
?、胖虚g用句號使各個句子獨立。She cleaned the room. Her mother prepared the supper.
?、迫绻麅蓚€句子意思聯(lián)系緊密,也可用分號分開,分號后的句子以小寫字母開頭。She cleaned the room; her mother prepared the supper.
⑶兩個句子若同等重要,可用并列連詞and, but, for等連成并列句。并列連詞前可以加上逗號,也可不加。She cleaned the room, and her mother prepared the supper.
⑷如果兩個句子有一個比另一個地位更重要,則可以將次要的那個句子改為從句。When she cleaned the room, her mother prepared the supper.
值得一提的是however, therefore(因此),besides(再說), now, then等連接性副詞不能像and, but, for等連詞那樣單獨連接兩個完整的句子,必須借助于句號、逗號或分號來使句子完整。例如:
He said the story happened in Japan;however, he was wrong.
有的句子從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上看是完整的,但從意義上說卻是不完整的,如Guangzhou is one of the biggest cities. 這一句就最好加一個in China這樣的狀語來限定其范圍。
句意不完整的另一種現(xiàn)象是一個主次分明的句子有了兩個以上的中心。例如:I was walking in the park this afternoon, and saw a tiger.改正的方法主要是將其中的次要部分改為從句、修飾語或同位語。該句可以改為When I was walking in the park this afternoon, I saw a tiger.
練習(xí):將下列句子改為結(jié)構(gòu)完整或意義完整的句子。
1. While I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
2. I like Mary as much as Jane.
3. Will you come to the party, too? Id like, but I must finish my homework first.
4. The hall is different from all other buildings, it is made of glass.
5. This is the best film.
參考答案:
1.改為I was traveling in a city that I had never visited.
原句主干部分是一個時間狀語從句,后面的that從句是作為定語修飾city的,故原句是一個殘缺句。
2.改為I like Mary as much as I like Jane. 或I like Mary as much as Jane does.
在含有比較結(jié)構(gòu)的主從句中,若主句的謂語動詞是及物動詞,從句中要注意將意思交待清楚,不能隨意省略。
3.原句在Id like后省略了動詞不定式,但按規(guī)則不定式符號to應(yīng)予保留。
4.改為Being made of glass, the hall is different from all other buildings.
原句是一個連寫句,兩個獨立的句子之間必須用句號或分號隔開,或者加上合適的連詞,也可將其中一個意思次要的句子改為從句或修飾性短語。
5. 改為This is the best film that Ive ever seen.
原句意義不完整,需要加上修飾語來限定其范圍。