英語語法:“be+不定式”表示將來或意圖
一、表示將來或預(yù)計(jì)
I dont know what is to happen to us. 我不知道我們會發(fā)生什么事。
I went to have a look at the room where I was to talk that afternoon. 我去看了一下地方,當(dāng)天下午我要在那里講話。
It was 1491. Columbus was to reach America a year later. 那是1491年,一年后哥倫布到達(dá)了美洲。
說明:當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)中用了still或yet時(shí),其將來意義更加突出。如:
The worst is still to come. 還有最糟糕的事情要發(fā)生。
The most severe weather is yet [still] to come. 最惡劣的天氣還沒有到。
The best item on the programme is still to come. 最好看的節(jié)目還在后頭。
注意,該結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法是有限的,原則上,只有當(dāng)表示的動作為人所控制時(shí)才可使用它來表示將來,否則就是錯(cuò)的。如可說 Im going to play tennis,也可說 Im to play tennis,因?yàn)槠渲械?play tennis是可以人為控制的。而在以下各例中,其中的動作均不能為人所限制,所以going不可省略:
Hes going to be fat. 他要發(fā)胖了。
There is going to be a storm. 要下暴風(fēng)雨了。
Youre going to break that chair. 你會把那把椅子弄壞的。
二、表示計(jì)劃或意圖
They are to be married. 他們打算結(jié)婚。
We are to be married in June. 我們計(jì)劃在6月結(jié)婚。
說明:該結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于條件狀語從句。如:
If Im to be there on time, I must leave at once. 如果我要想準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到那兒,我就必須馬上動身。
If we are to succeed in this enterprise, we shall need to plan everything very carefully. 如果我們想要在這項(xiàng)事業(yè)上取得成功,我們就需要把一切都仔細(xì)計(jì)劃好。
另外,若表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或意圖,其中的不定式則用完成式。如:
We were to have gone away last week, but I was ill. 我們本打算上周走的,但是我病了。
I was to have started work last week, but I changed my mind. 我本該上周開始工作的,但我改變了主意。
比較:
He was to go. 當(dāng)時(shí)他是要去的。(至于最后去沒去,不得而知)
He was to havegone. 他本來是要去的。(但實(shí)際上卻沒有去)
一、表示將來或預(yù)計(jì)
I dont know what is to happen to us. 我不知道我們會發(fā)生什么事。
I went to have a look at the room where I was to talk that afternoon. 我去看了一下地方,當(dāng)天下午我要在那里講話。
It was 1491. Columbus was to reach America a year later. 那是1491年,一年后哥倫布到達(dá)了美洲。
說明:當(dāng)該結(jié)構(gòu)中用了still或yet時(shí),其將來意義更加突出。如:
The worst is still to come. 還有最糟糕的事情要發(fā)生。
The most severe weather is yet [still] to come. 最惡劣的天氣還沒有到。
The best item on the programme is still to come. 最好看的節(jié)目還在后頭。
注意,該結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法是有限的,原則上,只有當(dāng)表示的動作為人所控制時(shí)才可使用它來表示將來,否則就是錯(cuò)的。如可說 Im going to play tennis,也可說 Im to play tennis,因?yàn)槠渲械?play tennis是可以人為控制的。而在以下各例中,其中的動作均不能為人所限制,所以going不可省略:
Hes going to be fat. 他要發(fā)胖了。
There is going to be a storm. 要下暴風(fēng)雨了。
Youre going to break that chair. 你會把那把椅子弄壞的。
二、表示計(jì)劃或意圖
They are to be married. 他們打算結(jié)婚。
We are to be married in June. 我們計(jì)劃在6月結(jié)婚。
說明:該結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于條件狀語從句。如:
If Im to be there on time, I must leave at once. 如果我要想準(zhǔn)時(shí)趕到那兒,我就必須馬上動身。
If we are to succeed in this enterprise, we shall need to plan everything very carefully. 如果我們想要在這項(xiàng)事業(yè)上取得成功,我們就需要把一切都仔細(xì)計(jì)劃好。
另外,若表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或意圖,其中的不定式則用完成式。如:
We were to have gone away last week, but I was ill. 我們本打算上周走的,但是我病了。
I was to have started work last week, but I changed my mind. 我本該上周開始工作的,但我改變了主意。
比較:
He was to go. 當(dāng)時(shí)他是要去的。(至于最后去沒去,不得而知)
He was to havegone. 他本來是要去的。(但實(shí)際上卻沒有去)