初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:詞類和句子成分的關(guān)系（二）

　　2．謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。例如：

　　1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行為動(dòng)詞作謂語)

　　2)She seems tired. (連系動(dòng)詞作謂語)

　　3)He has gone to Beijing. (行為動(dòng)詞作謂語)

　　3．賓語：及物動(dòng)詞涉及的人或物稱為動(dòng)詞賓語。賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞（或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語）后。介詞后的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞在句中常作賓語。此外，動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句也可作賓語。例如：

　　1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代詞me作間接賓語；名詞a novel作直接賓語)

　　2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( 名詞a cough作介詞賓語)

　　3)My little sister always likes to ask questions. (不定式to ask questions作動(dòng)詞likes 的賓語)

　　4)His brother is good at playing chess. (動(dòng)詞名詞playing chess作介詞賓語)

　　5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (coming作動(dòng)詞賓語)

　　4．賓語補(bǔ)足語（復(fù)合賓語的第二部分）：在賓語后補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分稱為賓補(bǔ)。名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞可作賓補(bǔ)。（見前面簡單句的五種基本句型五）

　　5．表語：在連系動(dòng)詞后用來說明主語的身份、狀態(tài)或特征的成分是表語?？勺鞅碚Z的有：名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及表語從句。（參見簡單句的五種基本句型三）

　　1)Wang Lins father is a doctor. (名詞a doctor作表語，說明主語的身份是doctor)

　　2)He is from America. （介詞短語from America作表語，說明主語的特征是來自美國）

　　3)The baby is asleep. (形容詞asleep作表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)是睡著的)

　　4)His work is teaching English. (動(dòng)名詞短語teaching English作表語，說明主語特征是教英語)

　　5)This is why he was late for school(表語從句why he was late for school作表語。)

　　6．定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞的成分是定語。單詞作定語通常放在它所修飾的詞前；但修飾復(fù)合不定代詞（nothing, anything, everything, something , somebody , anybody, ..）時(shí)，則放在這些不定代詞之后。短語和從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾詞之后。形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和定語從句等都可作定語。

　　1)He is reading an interesting book. (形容詞interesting作定語,修飾名詞book)

　　2)I have something important to tell you. (形容詞important以及不定式to tell you作定語，修飾不定代詞something)

　　3)There are few women workers in the factory. (形容詞few 以及名詞women作定語修飾名詞workers)

　　4)The oil workers here come from Daqing. (名詞oil以及副詞here作定語修飾名詞workers)

　　5)We have got ten desks in the room. (數(shù)詞ten修飾名詞desks)

　　6)Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. （介詞短語on modern science作定語修飾名詞report.）

　　7)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語playing the piano作定語修飾名詞girl)

　　8)This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. (定語從句which I bought yesterday作定語修飾名詞dictionary)

　　2．謂語：說明主語的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。例如：

　　1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行為動(dòng)詞作謂語)

　　2)She seems tired. (連系動(dòng)詞作謂語)

　　3)He has gone to Beijing. (行為動(dòng)詞作謂語)

　　3．賓語：及物動(dòng)詞涉及的人或物稱為動(dòng)詞賓語。賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞（或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語）后。介詞后的名詞或代詞稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞在句中常作賓語。此外，動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句也可作賓語。例如：

　　1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代詞me作間接賓語；名詞a novel作直接賓語)

　　2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( 名詞a cough作介詞賓語)

　　3)My little sister always likes to ask questions. (不定式to ask questions作動(dòng)詞likes 的賓語)

　　4)His brother is good at playing chess. (動(dòng)詞名詞playing chess作介詞賓語)

　　5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (coming作動(dòng)詞賓語)

　　4．賓語補(bǔ)足語（復(fù)合賓語的第二部分）：在賓語后補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分稱為賓補(bǔ)。名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞可作賓補(bǔ)。（見前面簡單句的五種基本句型五）

　　5．表語：在連系動(dòng)詞后用來說明主語的身份、狀態(tài)或特征的成分是表語?？勺鞅碚Z的有：名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及表語從句。（參見簡單句的五種基本句型三）

　　1)Wang Lins father is a doctor. (名詞a doctor作表語，說明主語的身份是doctor)

　　2)He is from America. （介詞短語from America作表語，說明主語的特征是來自美國）

　　3)The baby is asleep. (形容詞asleep作表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)是睡著的)

　　4)His work is teaching English. (動(dòng)名詞短語teaching English作表語，說明主語特征是教英語)

　　5)This is why he was late for school(表語從句why he was late for school作表語。)

　　6．定語：用來修飾名詞或代詞的成分是定語。單詞作定語通常放在它所修飾的詞前；但修飾復(fù)合不定代詞（nothing, anything, everything, something , somebody , anybody, ..）時(shí)，則放在這些不定代詞之后。短語和從句作定語時(shí)，也放在被修飾詞之后。形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和定語從句等都可作定語。

　　1)He is reading an interesting book. (形容詞interesting作定語,修飾名詞book)

　　2)I have something important to tell you. (形容詞important以及不定式to tell you作定語，修飾不定代詞something)

　　3)There are few women workers in the factory. (形容詞few 以及名詞women作定語修飾名詞workers)

　　4)The oil workers here come from Daqing. (名詞oil以及副詞here作定語修飾名詞workers)

　　5)We have got ten desks in the room. (數(shù)詞ten修飾名詞desks)

　　6)Yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science. （介詞短語on modern science作定語修飾名詞report.）

　　7)The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語playing the piano作定語修飾名詞girl)

　　8)This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. (定語從句which I bought yesterday作定語修飾名詞dictionary)