2024高考英語(yǔ)人教版一輪學(xué)案:必修三 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

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2024高考英語(yǔ)人教版一輪學(xué)案:必修三 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

  Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

  1、 harmful adj.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1) Fruit juices can be_harmful_to children's teeth.

  (2) Many households products are potentially harmful.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配:A. 有害的 B. 危害

  (1) A (2) B

  harm n. 傷害;

  損害 vt. 傷害……;

  損害……

  harmless adj. 無(wú)害的;

  無(wú)惡意的

  do sb. harm = do harm to sb. 對(duì)某人有害

  be harmful to 對(duì)……有害

  It does no harm to do sth. /There is no harm (in) doing sth. 不妨做某事

  It wouldn't do sb. any harm to do sth. 做某事對(duì)某人并無(wú)害處

  No harm done! (對(duì)別人做錯(cuò)事的一種勸慰) 沒(méi)事兒! 不要緊!

  單詞拼寫(xiě)

  (1) Your smoking may be harmful (有害) to the health of your baby.

  (2) The storm has done great harm (有害) to the crops.

  (3) The dog seems fierce, but actually he's harmless.

  2、prevent v.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1) The heavy rain prevented us (from) going to school.

  (2) They have been prevented by the traffic jam from going there on time.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配:A. 阻礙  B. 阻止

  (1) B (2) A

  “阻止某人做某事”的幾種表達(dá)式:

  ban sb. from doing sth.

  stop sb. (from) doing sth.

  keep sb. from doing sth.

  單項(xiàng)填空

  ()(1) We must take firm and efficient measures to prevent pollution ______our life even better.

  A. to make

  B. making

  C. make

  D. against making

  A 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用。本題的語(yǔ)義是: 為了使我們的生活更加美好,我們必須采取果斷而卓有成效的措施阻止污染。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在本句是目的狀語(yǔ),所以答案是A。本題極容易造成學(xué)生們的思維定勢(shì)而誤選B。

  ()(2) We'll spare no effort to prevent the river ______.

  A. from polluting

  B. polluting

  C. being polluted

  D. polluted

  C 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用。本題的語(yǔ)義是:我們將不遺余力地阻止河流污染。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境河流與污染形成了被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以答案是C。

  3、develop v.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1) We should develop the habit of reading, because reading can develop the mind.

  (2) Shanghai has developed into a commercial center of our country.

  (3) We must develop many more new products in order to satisfy the demands of market.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配:A. 養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣)  B. 發(fā)展 C. 開(kāi)發(fā)

  (1) A (2) B (3) C

  developed adj. 發(fā)達(dá)的

  developing adj. 發(fā)展中的

  development n. 發(fā)展

  用develop的正確形式填空

  With the development of science and technology, some developing countries have developed into developed ones.

  4、puzzle n.&v.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1) It's a puzzle to me why he hasn't come for my birthday party.

  (2) Can you help me out with the math puzzle?

  (3) Her word puzzled him.

  (4) I was puzzled how to handle the situation.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配:A. 使……迷惑不解 B. 謎 C. 難題 D. 使……為難

  (1)B (2)C (3) A (4) D

  puzzling adj. 令人困惑的;使人感到困惑的

  puzzled adj. 困惑的;感到困惑的

  puzzlement n. 困惑,迷惑

  be in a puzzle about 對(duì)……大惑不解

  work out a puzzle 猜謎;解決難題

  puzzle over 對(duì)……冥思苦想

  puzzle out (苦苦思索而)搞清楚

  puzzle one's brain about / over 對(duì)……而大傷腦筋

  用puzzle的正確形式填空

  The (1) puzzling boy (2) puzzled his mother, so there was a (3) puzzled expression on her face. Much to (4) puzzlement

  of his mother, he left home without saying a word.

  5、gentle adj.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1) Mothers are always gentle with their children.

  (2) It's very comfortable to let the gentle wind blow on your face.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配

  A. 輕輕的,輕柔的  B. 溫柔的,文雅的

  (1) B (2) A

  gentle-looking adj.

  看起來(lái)彬彬有禮的、看起來(lái)很紳士的

  gentleman n. 紳士,先生

  gently adv. 溫柔地,輕柔地,輕輕地

  gentleness n. 溫柔,和善

  be gentle with sb. 對(duì)某人體貼入微,對(duì)某人溫柔有加

  gentle in voice / action 聲音溫柔,舉止文雅

  have a gentle manner of doing sth. 做某事風(fēng)度高雅

  gentle/mild/soft

  gentle 用于人時(shí),指溫柔文雅的舉止,出于自我約束或?qū)λ说捏w貼。指物時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的輕緩。

  mild 指出于本性性格溫柔,脾氣好,強(qiáng)調(diào)自己“態(tài)度安詳,不粗野”。

  He has too mild a nature to lose his temper.

  soft 指人心腸柔軟,言語(yǔ)婉轉(zhuǎn)。

  I am always too soft with you.

  單項(xiàng)填空

  ()(1) Strolling at the lake, the ______ wind is brushing your face. How romantic!

  A. mild

  B. soft

  C. gentle

  D. light

  C 考查形容詞詞義辨析。題意是:信步于湖畔,清風(fēng)輕拂著你的臉。多么富有詩(shī)情畫(huà)意啊!通過(guò)語(yǔ)境體現(xiàn)出是物體運(yùn)動(dòng)輕緩的語(yǔ)義,所以答案是C。

  ()(2) The teacher was too ______ with her class, so they were out of control.

  A. mild

  B. soft

  C. gentle

  D. light

  B 考查形容詞詞義辨析。題意是:老師對(duì)學(xué)生們心太軟了,他們都不聽(tīng)她的。語(yǔ)境體現(xiàn)出的是人的心腸柔軟,所以答案是B。

  6、pull n.&v.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1) To escape the pull of the earth, a rocket must reach a speed of 28,440 km/h.

  (2) He pulled the door open and rushed out.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配:A. 拉 B. 吸引力

  (1) B (2)A

  pull down 拆除; (把身體)拖垮

  pull off (匆忙地)脫下(衣物); (成功地)完成

  pull on (匆忙地)穿上

  pull out 拔出; 駛出; 擺脫(困難)

  pull in 進(jìn)站;靠岸

  pull away 駛離;開(kāi)走

  pull together 通力合作; 整頓; 控制(感情)

  pull through 恢復(fù)健康;渡過(guò)難關(guān)

  pull/draw/drag

  pull 一般用法,指各種情況的“拉”,但有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)一時(shí)或突然拉的動(dòng)作。

  I pulled the handle and the door opened.

  draw 指平穩(wěn)、較輕地拉。

  After some time, the fisherman began to draw the net.

  drag 往往指用大力氣拖拉笨重物體,有“拖拉”的意思。

  He dragged a heavy box upstairs alone.

  C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。 語(yǔ)義是:班車(chē)駛進(jìn)車(chē)站,乘客一個(gè)個(gè)地下來(lái)了。drive away開(kāi)走;push in 是不存在的短語(yǔ);rush in 沖進(jìn),不合題意,所以答案是C。

  單項(xiàng)填空

  ()(1) The bus ______ the bus station and the passengers got off one after another.

  A. drove away

  B. pushed in

  C. pulled in

  D. rushed in

  D 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。 語(yǔ)義是:勇士匆忙脫下衣服跳進(jìn)河里救那落水兒童。pull on匆忙穿上;put off 推遲;take off脫下,在語(yǔ)境中不是最佳答案;pull off匆忙脫下,所以答案是D。

  ()(2) The brave man ______ his clothes and jumped into the river to save the drowning boy.

  A. pulled on

  B. put off

  C. took off

  D. pulled off

  7、cheer up

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1) It's said that thousands packed the city center to cheer her.

  (2) Everybody cheered when the medical team arrived.

  (3) When the rescuers appeared, cheers ran out of the waiting crowd.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配

  A. 為……喝彩 B. 歡呼 C. 歡呼聲;喝彩聲

  (1) A (2) B (3) C

  Cheers! 干杯!

  cheerful adj. 興高采烈的; 精神振奮的

  cheer up (使)高興起來(lái); (使)振作起來(lái)

  cheer on 為……鼓氣; 向……喝彩

  8、 break out

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境感悟其用法

  (1)Last year EV71 virus broke_out in many parts of China.

  (2)Last night a fire broke_out in his house.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境break out意思是:

  __________________________________________

  ______________________________。

  (戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)、疫病)發(fā)生、爆發(fā)

  注意:“發(fā)生”在英漢表達(dá)形式上有不同。

  漢語(yǔ)“發(fā)生”后接賓語(yǔ),但英語(yǔ)不可以,它要把漢語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)位置上,且不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

  單項(xiàng)填空

  ()(1) To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ______ into parts.

  A. down

  B. up

  C. off

  D. out

  A 考查動(dòng)副詞的搭配。題意是:要想理解這句話的語(yǔ)法,你必須把它劃分開(kāi)。所以答案是A。

  ()(2) News reports say peace talks between the two countries ______ with no agreement reached.

  A. have broken down

  B. have broken out

  C. have broken in

  D. have broken up

  A 題意是:據(jù)資訊報(bào)道,兩國(guó)和談?dòng)捎跊](méi)有達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)而破裂。所以答案是A。

  9、come on

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義

  (1)Come_on! we'll be late.

  (2)Come_on,_guys! You can do it.

  (3)Come_on! Our future is bright. We will be successful.

  (4)Oh! come_on,_don't lie to me.

  (5)Come_on! Baby.

  根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配

  A.用于表示催促,相當(dāng)于Hurry up! 趕快! 抓緊!抓緊時(shí)間!

  B.表示對(duì)對(duì)方的鼓勵(lì)。 加油! 加把勁!

  C.表示對(duì)對(duì)方的勸慰。 高興點(diǎn)兒!樂(lè)觀點(diǎn)兒!

  D.用于對(duì)對(duì)方的挑釁。 來(lái)呀!來(lái)吧!

  E.表示對(duì)對(duì)方所說(shuō)的早有耳聞。算了吧!得了吧! 別逗了!

  (1)A (2)B (3)C (4)E (5)D

  come about 發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生

  come along (表示催促)快點(diǎn)!一道去,進(jìn)展

  come back to life 蘇醒,復(fù)活

  come down 下來(lái),降價(jià)

  come out 出現(xiàn),結(jié)果,出版(出版之物在主語(yǔ)位置上,不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

  come over 過(guò)來(lái),短暫造訪,順便來(lái)訪,從……(遠(yuǎn)道)而來(lái)

  come around 再度出現(xiàn)、改變(觀點(diǎn)、心態(tài))

  come to 來(lái)到,總計(jì),結(jié)果是

  come up 上來(lái),上升,提出(賓語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)位置上,不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

  come up with 提出(直接接賓語(yǔ)),想出,趕上

  come into being 出現(xiàn),產(chǎn)生,形成

  come for 來(lái)取,為……而來(lái)

  單項(xiàng)填空

  ()(1) It's already 10 o'clock, I wonder how it ______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.

  A. came over

  B. came out

  C. came about

  D. came up

  C 考查come有關(guān)短語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義辨析。語(yǔ)義是:已經(jīng)10點(diǎn)了。我納悶這么短的一段路他遲到兩個(gè)小時(shí)是怎么回事。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)義說(shuō)明這一局面的產(chǎn)生。come over過(guò)來(lái),短暫造訪,順便來(lái)訪,從……(遠(yuǎn)道)而來(lái);come out 出現(xiàn),結(jié)果,出版;come about 發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生;come up上來(lái),上升,提出,所以答案是C。

  ()(2) — I am dead tired. I can't walk any further, Jenny.

  — ______, Tommy. You can do it!

  A. No problem

  B. No hurry

  C. Come on

  D. That's OK

  C 考查交際英語(yǔ)的使用。語(yǔ)義是:——我都累死了。詹妮,我一步都不能走了?!影褎虐?,湯米,你一定能行的!表示鼓勵(lì)。No problem是對(duì)別人請(qǐng)求你做某事的應(yīng)允;No hurry漢語(yǔ)式的表達(dá);Come on表示鼓勵(lì);That's OK. 對(duì)道歉的回應(yīng),所以答案是C。

  ()(3) The dictionary is being printed and it will soon______.

  A. turn out

  B. come out

  C. start out

  D. go out

  B 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義的辨析。語(yǔ)義是:這本詞典正在付印中且不久就要出版了。turn out雖然有“出版”的意思,但在這里要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);come out表示“出版”,在這里不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);start out動(dòng)身,出發(fā);go out 出去,所以答案是B。

  10、What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. (P25)

  隨后它將變成什么樣子無(wú)人知曉,直到38到45億年之間它才形成了一個(gè)固體的球體。

  when 在這個(gè)句子中是并列連詞引導(dǎo)并列句。when引導(dǎo)并列句不能放在句首,它所體現(xiàn)出的語(yǔ)義是:“就在這時(shí);就在那時(shí);此時(shí)此刻;屆時(shí)”。一般它有兩個(gè)極具有代表性的句式:

  (1)be doing sth. when… 表示“正在做某事就在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生了另外的一件事” 。

  (2)be about to do sth. when… 表示“正要做某事就在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生了另外一件事”。

  I was about to leave when the phone rang.

  我正要出去就在這個(gè)時(shí)候電話響了。

  I was walking in the street when I heard my name called from behind. 我正在街上散步就在這時(shí)我聽(tīng)到有人在背后叫我的名字。

  Professor Wang will come for a visit to our school in May when he will give away his works to our library.

  王教授將在5月份訪問(wèn)我校,屆時(shí)他會(huì)把他的著作捐贈(zèng)給我校。

  when除了引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句外,它還能引導(dǎo)哪些狀語(yǔ)從句呢?

  (1)How can he learn anything when he has spent all of his spare time surfing the Internet playing computer games?

  (2)They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope.

  (1) 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“既然”。既然他把所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間都用在上網(wǎng)玩游戲上了,他又怎能學(xué)到什么呢?

  (2) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“盡管”。他們明明知道沒(méi)任何希望,但他們還是不停地挖。

  11、Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more_than a satellite of the earth.(P28)

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