【人教大綱版】2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品學(xué)案:SBⅠUnits 17-18
SBⅠUnits 17-18
重點句型
1. Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin. (SBⅠ U17)
又一次富有挑戰(zhàn)和危險的旅程就要開始了。
be about to do sth.表示“正要(即將)做某事”(不與表示將來的時間狀語連用)。經(jīng)常與when 搭配,這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以換成be on the point of doing sth.… when…
I was about to start out when it began to rain.
我正要出發(fā),就在這時天開始下雨了。
We were about to start out when the headmaster stopped us.
我們正要出發(fā),就在這時校長攔住了我們。
will/shall, be going to, be to 也可表將來;be going to表示即將發(fā)生或準(zhǔn)備好做某事;be to表示約定、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、可能性等,有命令、指令和要求之意。
?、買 ______________(正準(zhǔn)備看) your composition.
?、赪hen he ______ (正要開)the door, he found his keys were nowhere.(2009·湖南卷改編)
【答案】
①was about to read
?、趙as to open
2. On the third day I was struggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. (SBⅠ U17)
第三天我在風(fēng)暴中掙扎,第二周風(fēng)刮得更猛了,我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己終日在帳篷里。
find oneself …
發(fā)現(xiàn)自己(處于某種狀態(tài));不知不覺地……
find oneself doing/done/at/in… 發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在做某事/被……/在……地點
?、賂hen I __________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被圍著) half a dozen boys. ②In the dream Peter found himself ______ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased
B. to be chased
C. be chased
D. having been chased
【答案】
①found myself surrounded by
?、贏 find oneself done。
3. The East China Sea lies to the west of Zhejiang Province. (SBⅠ U18)
中國的東海位于浙江省西部。
lie/be in (to/on)( the) east/west/north/south of …
……位于……的東部/西部/北部/南部
(1)通常用動詞be和lie,be后接介詞短語,lie后既可接介詞短語,又可接副詞短語。
(2)有三個介詞可分別表示方位:to,in,on。to表示在另一個地點的外部,或者某一山脈或界線以東、以西、以南、以北必須用to;in表示范圍內(nèi);on表示接壤,還可表示“在……河畔/湖畔”。
(3)有時可以把副詞短語或介詞短語放在句首加動詞lie或stand,表示方位,構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。
(4)lie on the coast 瀕臨海岸
lie off the coast 在海水中(強調(diào)被水圍著)
?、賅uhan __________________(位于……之畔)the Changjiang River.
②Japan __________________(位于) the east of China.
?、跘t the foot of the mountain ______.
A. a village lies
B. lies a village
C. does a village lie
D. lying a village
【答案】
①lies on?、趌ies to?、跙 完全倒裝句。
課文原句高考對照
For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.
對于婦女來說(生活)有時要難上加難。
My uncle's house in the downtown
area is much smaller than ours, bu it is
twice ______ expensive.(2009?四川卷)
as
B. so
C. too
D. very
解析:選A。倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞+as是倍數(shù)的三
種表示方法之一。此句可補充完整為…but it is
twice as expensive as ours.“課文原句”可
補充完整為:For women it sometimes seems
twice as difficult as it does for men.其中
does代替seems?!?/p>
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
New Zealand has a mild sea climate, while the north is subtropical.
新西蘭是溫帶海洋性氣候,而北部是亞熱帶氣候。
It just isn't fair; ______ I was working as a
waiter last month, my friends were lying on the
beach.(2009?遼寧卷)
A. whenever
B. though
C. for
D. while
解析:選D。句意:這不公平,上個月我在做侍
者,而我的朋友們卻躺在沙灘上(享受)。其中的
while強烈暗示前后兩個分句在意思上的對比。而
“課文原句”也一樣是表示新西蘭南北氣候上的
對比。
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
New Zealand has a mild sea climate, while the north is subtropical.
新西蘭是溫帶海洋性氣候,而北部是亞熱帶氣候。
Mary made coffee ______ her guests were
finishing their meal.(2010?全國卷Ⅰ)
A. so that
B. although
C. while
D. as if
解析:選C。句意:瑪麗煮咖啡時她的客人們剛好
吃完飯。
語法精講
——情態(tài)動詞
1.情態(tài)動詞表允許、推測、判斷等用法;
2.情態(tài)動詞+不定式的完成式的用法;
3.情態(tài)動詞在具體語境中的用法;
4.情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。
情態(tài)動詞是助動詞的一種,它們在句中不能單獨充當(dāng)謂語,要和行為動詞或連系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語部分。情態(tài)動詞一共有十三個:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to。
1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化
2.其后接動詞原形
3.否定式:情態(tài)動詞+not+動詞原形
一種是推測性意義,另外一種是非推測性意義。
下面分別從這兩方面闡述:
1.推測性意義:表示說話者對所陳述的事情的可靠性進行推測或估計。
下面是情態(tài)動詞表推測的可能性從大到小的排序:
They must have cleaned the classroom. It’s very tidy.
他們一定打掃了教室,現(xiàn)在很整潔。
He can’t have gone abroad. I saw him just now.
他不可能出國了。我剛才還見過他。
They will have arrived there, I think.
我想他們已經(jīng)到了那兒。
Have you heard from Jim? He should have gone to school.
你收到吉姆的來信了嗎?他應(yīng)該去學(xué)校了。
She might have known the news, but I’m not sure.
她可能已經(jīng)知道這個消息,但我不肯定。
Could he have been arrested by the police?
他有可能被警察抓了嗎?
He may not be at home.
他可能不在家。
2. 非推測性意義:不對所敘述的事情進行推測,而是說明主語發(fā)出的“命令、要求、能力、允許”等。下面對幾組詞的非推測性意義進行比較辨析:
(1)can,be able to
①表示“能力”。can多用于現(xiàn)在時, could用于過去時,表示過去泛指的一般能力。be able to可用于各種時態(tài),其過去時was/were able to=managed to do/succeeded in doing,表示“過去某特定環(huán)境中經(jīng)過努力設(shè)法成功做成某事”,此時不能用could。如:
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
大火很快在旅館里蔓延開來,但是每個人都設(shè)法逃出來了。
?、赾an/could可表示“允許”,用于疑問句表示委婉地提出“請求”,be able to 沒有這種用法。
Can you help me with my physics?
你能幫我學(xué)習(xí)物理嗎?
Could I borrow your pen?
我可以借一下你的鋼筆嗎?
?、踓an(用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)表示猜測、懷疑或驚詫。
How can/could you be here?
你怎么會在這兒?
?。?)may, might
①表示“許可、請求”,相當(dāng)于can。might比may的語氣更委婉一些,否定回答時都要用can’t 或mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”之意。
— May/Might I use your pen?
—No, you can’t/mustn’t.
——我可以用你的鋼筆嗎?
——不行,你不能用。
?、趍ay用于祈使句中表示祝愿, might無此用法。
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
?、踡ay/might (just) as well+動詞原形=had better+動詞原形
You may/might as well have a good rest.
你最好好好休息一下。
(3)will, would
?、賥ill在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥罢埱蠡蛟儐枴?用would語氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)。
Will/Would you please tell her the news when you see her?
你見到她時告訴她這個消息好嗎?
?、诒硎尽耙庵?、意愿和堅定的決心”。
He won’t leave you.
他決不會離開你的。
?、踳ould 表示過去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動作,意為“過去常?!?。
He would have a walk after supper.
以前他常常吃完晚飯后就去散步。
?。?)shall, should
①用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的“意愿”。
Let’s go home, shall we?
我們回家,好嗎?
②shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的“意見”或向?qū)Ψ健罢埵尽薄?/p>
Shall we begin our lesson?
我們開始上課好嗎?
Where shall he wait for you?
他到哪兒等你好呢?
?、踫hall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方“命令、警告、允諾、決心或威脅”。
You shall obey the rules.(命令)
你們要遵守規(guī)則。
You shall have a computer if you study hard. (允諾)
如果你學(xué)習(xí)努力,你將有一臺電腦。
?、躶hall 在條約、規(guī)章和法令文件中表示義務(wù)或規(guī)定,一般用于第三人稱,指“應(yīng),必須”。
Each party shall respect the conditions of this contract. (條約)
雙方都必須遵守合約中的條件。
⑤should表示“義務(wù)、勸告、建議、命令”,其同義詞是ought to。
You should/ought to respect your parents.
你應(yīng)該尊重你的父母。
You should/ought to go to class right away.
你應(yīng)該立刻去上課。
⑥should/ought to+have done表示“本應(yīng)該做而未做……”。
shouldn’t have done/ought not have done 表示“本不該做而做了……”,都含有責(zé)備之意。
You should have come here a little earlier.
你應(yīng)該早點兒來的。
You ought not have watered the flowers too often.
你不應(yīng)該給花這樣頻繁地澆水。
?、遱hould在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句中,相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。
Should you/If you should change your mind, do let me know.
萬一你改變主意的話,一定要讓我知道。
?、嘤糜诒硎颈匾⑦m當(dāng)、驚奇和遺憾的從句中,指“應(yīng)該,竟然會”。
It’s necessary that I (should) go at once.
我應(yīng)該馬上去。
Why should he think that?
為什么他竟會那樣想?
?。?)must, have(got)to
①must表示的是說話人的主觀意志,而have to則往往強調(diào)客觀需要。
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
這場戲劇很無趣,現(xiàn)在我真的要走了。
My computer broke down. I had to buy a new one.
我的電腦壞了,我不得不買臺新的。
②must一般只表示現(xiàn)在,have則有更多的時態(tài)形式。
?、鄱叩姆穸ㄒ饬x不同。Mustn’t 指“禁止,千萬不,一定不”;doesn’t/don’t/didn’t have to 指“不必”。
You mustn’t go. 你千萬不要去。
You don’t have to go.=You needn’t go. 你不必去。
④must有時可用來表示“偏偏”的意思,而have to 無此義。
Why must it rain today?
為什么偏偏在今天下雨?
?。?)would, used to
?、賥ould表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作,但不涉及與現(xiàn)在情況的對比。
He would walk by the river in the morning.
以前每天早上他經(jīng)常去河邊散步。
注意:would后只能接表動作的動詞,不能接表狀態(tài)的動詞。 如不能說:
He would be late for school last year.(錯)
There would be a temple here. (錯)
②used to表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不存在了,有明顯的今昔對比。
He used to get up very early. 他過去起得早。(意思是說現(xiàn)在起得不早了)
(7)dare, need
①作情態(tài)動詞時后接動詞原形,無人稱和數(shù)的變化。
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
——我今天需要完成工作嗎?
——是的,必須完成。
How dare you say so?
你怎敢這樣說?
?、谧鲗嵙x動詞時,有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接帶to的不定式,在否定和疑問句中,dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。
She doesn’t dare (to) go out alone at night.
她不敢晚上一個人出去。
He needs to think it over again.
他需要再三思考。
() 1. I'm afraid Mr.Harding ______ see you now. He's busy.(2010·全國卷Ⅱ)
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
A
can't不能夠;mustn't禁止;shouldn't不應(yīng)該;needn't沒必要。
() 2. “You ______ have a wrong number,” she said. “There's no one of that name here.”(2010·浙江卷)
A. need
B. can
C. must
D. would
C
考查情態(tài)動詞表猜測的用法。must 表示有把握的肯定猜測。句意:“你肯定弄錯號碼了,”她說:“這兒沒有這樣一個名字的人?!?/p>
() 3. — I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.