2024年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講練測：（講）專題06 閱讀理解Ⅳ：詞義猜測題（原卷版）
2024屆高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語精品資料【講案】專題
閱讀理解Ⅳ：詞義猜測題
【構(gòu)建知識體系】
猜測詞義題猜測短語題猜測指代題猜測句意題2024-2024年高考本專題考查分布明細(xì)統(tǒng)計
年份
主旨大意 細(xì)節(jié)理解 推理判斷 詞義猜測
2024
第一節(jié) 劍橋科技節(jié)的活動通知 應(yīng)用文 1 6 6 2
旅鴿在美國逐漸減少直至滅絕的過程 記敘文
向馴獸師學(xué)習(xí)如何集中注意應(yīng)對選擇障礙 議論文
學(xué)者對瀕危語種進(jìn)行記錄拯救 記敘文
第二節(jié) 如何幫助孩子為未來職業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備 說明文 信息匹配
2024 第一節(jié) 關(guān)于倫敦運河博物館每月專題講座安排的海報 應(yīng)用文 0 9 5 1
作者離開寒冷的紐約去美國南部度假的感受 記敘文
介紹了在巴黎皮蓬杜藝術(shù)中心舉辦西班牙著名藝術(shù)家薩爾瓦多·達(dá)利藝術(shù)展的情況 記敘文
法國咖啡館在現(xiàn)代社會中彰顯心理溝通的社會功能，產(chǎn)生了積極的意義。 議論文
第二節(jié) 重建人際關(guān)系中的信任的意義與措施 說明文 信息匹配
2024-2024年高考本專題考查分布明細(xì)統(tǒng)計
年份
主旨大意 細(xì)節(jié)理解 推理判斷 詞義猜測
2024
A 以一個妻子的口吻講述了發(fā)生在自己丈夫身上的故事。在丈夫丟失了自己所有東西后，陌生人無私的幫助使他們重拾了對他人的信任。 記敘文 1 9 3 2
B 以1970年地球日為突破口，講述了人類對于地球環(huán)境的認(rèn)識—由無知到保護(hù)。借專家之口講述了美國40年來對環(huán)境保護(hù)做出的突出貢獻(xiàn)。 科普說明文
C 美國普遍存在的一種社會現(xiàn)象—對于“aupair（住家保姆） from China”。透過現(xiàn)象揭示了本質(zhì)—“Learing Chinese is becoming in Amercia”，暗示中國雄獅已經(jīng)蘇醒。 社會文化類
D 地鐵提示信息，包括時間、價格、失物招領(lǐng)等，同時也提到了老年人和殘疾人需要注意的問題 廣告應(yīng)用類
2024 A 我的彩電給我?guī)淼念^疼事：花的錢比廣告上的多，而且機子是過時的，質(zhì)量也有問題，最后只能花錢修。 記敘文 1 5 8 1
B 減肥除了少吃之外，還和房間有關(guān)系：房子要明亮；勇冷色系會減少食欲；放一些舒緩的音樂就餐；用校的碗碟 科普說明文
C 越來越多即將上大學(xué)的學(xué)生選擇“間隔年”。有人認(rèn)為是好事，因為經(jīng)過一年的鍛煉，學(xué)生將會變得更加成熟、更有責(zé)任感。但也有人指出這種做法存在弊端，有些學(xué)生會因為負(fù)擔(dān)不起大學(xué)學(xué)費而被迫利用這一年去打工。 社會現(xiàn)象議論類
D 從價格到參觀的內(nèi)容介紹了四個英國的旅游勝地。 廣告應(yīng)用類比
【考綱解讀】
考試大綱 要求 考綱解讀
要求考生
考查精確歸納標(biāo)題概括文章大意總結(jié)段落大意主要【剖析高考真題】——預(yù)測高考命題方向
[201·全國卷]????????
Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueres,” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks.
B. Projects.
C. Donations.
D. Documents.
[2024·全國卷]????????
My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(靜電) noise. For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually, this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it, I had to change to another channel and then change it back. Sometimes this technique would not work, and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.
When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my first, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the sit is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.
22. Which of the following an best replace the phrase “signed off” in paragraph 1?
ended all their programs
provided fewer channels
changed to commercials
showed all-night movies
【高考預(yù)測】
縱觀近幾年高考試題，預(yù)測201年高考試題還會
①②Ⅱ卷文章體裁繼續(xù)延續(xù)記敘文和說明文占主體的局面，另有一篇議論文和一篇廣告類說明文。題型以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題略有所增加，詞義猜測題1題左右。
【精講研法】——課堂講解突破核心考點
考點一
猜測詞義題
【例】Passenger pigeons（旅鴿）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks（群）so large that they darkened the sky for hours.
It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.
Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.
By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered（驅(qū)散）the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.
In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September 1, 1914.
(2024·全國卷Ⅰ，)
The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ _______.
A. escape
B. ruin
C. liberation
D. evolution
規(guī)律方法1： 如何猜測詞義題？
此類題目有的可利用構(gòu)詞法來解答，首先要弄明白構(gòu)詞法的三種形式：派生法、轉(zhuǎn)化法和合成法，高考閱讀理解題中的猜測詞義題主要集中表現(xiàn)為派生和合成兩種形式。有的題需要利用上下文的已知部分進(jìn)行推理；有的還需要依靠常識和經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義；還有的可以根據(jù)定義、解釋和舉例猜測詞義。
【變式精練】 The light from the campfire brightened the darkness，but it could not prevent the damp cold of Dennis’s Swamp(沼澤地) creeping into their bones.It was a strange place.Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jack’s dare.They liked camping，but not near this swamp.
“So，” Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals.“How did this place get its name？”
“Are you sure you want to hear it? It’s a scary story，” warned Jack.
“Of course！” cried out Tom.“If there were anything to be scared of，you wouldn’t have chosen this place！”
“OK，but don’t say I didn’t warn you，” said Jack，and he began his tale.
“Way back in time，a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here.He built that cottage over there to live in.In those days，the area looked quite different—it was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river.After three hard years，Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops.He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.”
“‘You are clearing too much land，’ warned one old man.‘The land is a living thing.It will hit back at you if you abuse it.’”
“‘Silly fool，’ said Dennis to himself.‘If I clear more land，I can grow more crops.I’ll become wealthier.He’s just jealous！’”
“Dennis continued to chop down trees.Small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed.He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door.He did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land.He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”
“What happened？” Martin asked.It was growing colder.He trembled，twisting his body closer to the fire.
“The land hit back—just as the old man warned，” Jack shrugged.“Dennis disappeared.Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater.His body was never found.”
“What a stupid story，” laughed Tom.“Plants can’t...” Before he had finished speaking，he screamed and fainted(暈倒)．The other two boys jumped up with fright，staring at Tom.Suddenly，they burst out laughing.Some green swamp ivy(常春藤) had covered Tom’s face.It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.
(2024·江西，A)
56．The underlined word “dare” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．courage
B．a(chǎn)ssistance
C．instruction
D．challenge
考點二
猜測短語題
【例2】Doctor are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky:
became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn't realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather. I learned about crew resource management (機組資源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot - and my boss - so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, "We need to put the landing gear down now!" That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I've used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them , someday someone will keep me from “l(fā)anding gear up”.
(2024·全國卷Ⅱ，)
38.In the last paragraph”landing gear up” probably means ______.
A. following flying requirements.
B. overreacting to different opinions.
C .listening to what fellow doctors say
D. making a mistake that may cost lives
規(guī)律方法2：如何猜測短語題?
猜測短語題要利用出現(xiàn)短語的上文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進(jìn)一步的敘述來猜測它的意思或利用文章中所出現(xiàn)的與短語意思相反的內(nèi)容來猜測其語意。
【變式精練】Many people think that listening is a passive business.It is just the opposite.Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.It is because they do not realize this，or because they are not willing to do the work，that most people do not listen well.
Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’．Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires，to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside，stepping into his or her shoes.Moreover，since listening well involves bracketing，it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person.Sensing this acceptance，the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener.True communication is under way. The energy required for
listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by
the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.
Most of the time we lack this energy.Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well，what we are usually doing is listening selectively.Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder，as we listen，how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us.Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening，or we simply refuse to listen to what we don’t want to hear.
It wasn’t until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有療效的)．In about a quarter of the patients I saw，surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理療法)，before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained.There are several reasons for this phenomenon，but chief among them，I believe，was the patient’s sense that he or she was being truly listened to，often for the first time in years，and for some，perhaps for the first time ever.
(2024·江西，C)66．The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means
.
A．preparing a topic list first
