2024屆高考英語二輪語法專項課件:虛擬語氣(新人教版)
虛擬語氣 一、以if條件從句為虛擬語氣標志 時態(tài) 從句動詞形式 主句動詞形式 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 did would/could/should/might do 與將來事實相反 (1)did (2)were to do (3)should do would/could/should/might do 與過去事實相反 had done would/could/should/might have done 注意以下兩個方面: 1.含蓄條件句 有時虛擬語氣并不總是用if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表示,而是通過一些詞或短語表示出來。這些詞或短語引出的條件句與if引導(dǎo)的條件句意義相似,如but for,with,without,otherwise,or,but等。其中but for相當于if it were not for/if it had not been for,表示“要不是……”。 He wouldn't have survived but for the neighbour's timely help.
2.在虛擬條件句中有時if是可以省略的,當if被省略后,要將從句中的were,had,should置于句首,構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Were he here,he could settle the issue. 二、suggest等動詞及其相應(yīng)的名詞后跟的從句中虛擬語氣的用法 1.賓語從句 suggest等表示建議、愿望、命令等的動詞后跟的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣,從句謂語的結(jié)構(gòu)為“should+動詞原形”,其中should可以省略。類似用法的動詞還有order,request,advise,require,insist,demand,command等。 The doctor suggested that he (should) take more rest. 2.主語從句 在“It is/was/has/had been suggested+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”中,主語從句要用虛擬語氣, 即“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。和suggest用法一樣的動詞還有demand,order,advise,require,propose等。 另外,在“It is/was important(necessary,desirable,advisable等)+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句”中,從句也常用虛擬語氣,謂語用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。 It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down. It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once. 3.表語從句 當suggestion,order,proposal,demand等名詞作主語時,其后的表語從句中要用虛擬語氣“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。 My advice is that you (should) give up smoking. 4.同位語從句 在suggestion,advice,order,proposal,demand等名詞后跟的同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣,謂語用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),其中should可以省略。 His suggestion that we (should) set off at 5:00 a.m.is not good enough. 三、虛擬語氣的特殊句型 1.It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth. It is (high/about) time (that) sb.did sth.(that可以省略)表示“是某人做某事的時候了”,此句型應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,從句用一般過去時。另外,也可使用It is (high/about) time (that) sb.should do sth.結(jié)構(gòu),其中should不能省略。 It is 11:00 now.It is high time (that) you went/should go to bed. 2.would rather (that) sb.did sth. 當表示“寧愿某人做某事”時,如果是沒有發(fā)生的動作,從句用一般過去時,即would rather sb.did sth.;如果是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作,從句用過去完成時,即would rather sb.had done sth.。 I'd rather you left tomorrow.