2024屆高考英語命題猜想與仿真押題:專題08 定語從句(命題猜想)(解析版)
【】which的考查是重中之重。
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例1.(2024·高考安徽卷,T28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
A.it
B.that
C.whose
D.which
答案:D
【異混易錯(cuò)】as和which引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中,as常譯為“正如……,正像……”.從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多為see,know,Expect,say,mention,report等.
The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.正如報(bào)告所顯示的,在過去的兩個(gè)月里,這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。
which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個(gè)句子時(shí),只能置于主句后,常譯為“這一點(diǎn),這件事”等,這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024,which made one of the Chinese people’s long-h(huán)eld dreams come true.莫言被授予2024年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng),這使中國(guó)人長(zhǎng)久以來擁有的夢(mèng)想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。
【變式探究】
The number of smokers, ________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A.it
B.which
C.what
D.a(chǎn)s
解析:考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意:正如所報(bào)道的,煙民的數(shù)量?jī)H僅在一年內(nèi)就下降了17%。as作為關(guān)系代詞, 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,位置非常靈活,可位于主句前、主 句后,也可位于主句中間。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)位于主句之后。
答案:D
【異混易錯(cuò)】
(1)whom,which,that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略;但介詞提前that。(2)as用在限制性定語從句中時(shí)先行詞必須有such或the same等修飾且as在從句中作賓語時(shí)不能省略。(3)定語從句中的主謂一致:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。(the) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后接定語從句時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞為“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);當(dāng)先行詞為“the(only/very/right) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
1.首先判斷是不是定語從句。如果是定語從句就要找準(zhǔn)先行詞;選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞.及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語,就必須用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則 要求用關(guān)系副詞。
2.準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在從句中的成分(主、賓、定、表、狀),才能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。如果先行詞在從句中作 主語、賓語、定語,選擇關(guān)系代詞(which,that,who, whom,whose);如果先行詞在從句中作狀語,選擇關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)。熟練掌握每個(gè)關(guān)系詞的用法是解題 的關(guān)鍵。
例2.(2024·高考北京卷,T24)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,________ you can hear some lovely music.
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.where
答案:D
【變式探究】
In countries________many different languages are spoken,English is often used as an official language to help people communicate.
A.where
B.when
C.why
D.which
解析:考查定語從句。句意:在一些說多種語言的國(guó)家里,英語經(jīng)常作為官方語言來幫助人們交流。關(guān)系副詞where在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞countries。
答案:A
【熱點(diǎn)突破】 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。
I bought a great many books,on which I spent all my money
that I saved.我買了很多書,這些書花了我積攢的所有錢。(spend...on...)
2.依據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體意義而定。
Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.
心靈的關(guān)愛是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程,在這個(gè)過程中即使是細(xì)微的 生活細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該被考慮在內(nèi)。(in...process)
3.依據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.這種無色氣體就是氧氣,離了它我們不能活。
例3.(2024·高考重慶卷,T14)He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
A.whom
B.which
C.them
D.that
答案:B
【變式探究】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,________uses it differently.
A.a(chǎn)ll of which
B.each of which
C.a(chǎn)ll of them
D.each of them
解析:考查定語從句及主謂一致。句意:英語是一種被好幾種不同文化共享的語言,每種文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根據(jù)空格后的uses使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式可知,空格處需用單數(shù)名詞或代詞,可從B、D兩項(xiàng)中選擇(A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)中的all暗示空格后用use); 再根據(jù)uses是謂語動(dòng)詞知空格處是主語,只有B項(xiàng)each of which能作主語,由此本句構(gòu)成了定語從句。若選D項(xiàng)each of them,空格前后兩部分需用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接,即構(gòu)成buteach of them uses,或用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)each of them using it differently。
答案:B
【熱點(diǎn)突破】:
抓住它們各自的特征,結(jié)合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型 或從句。
I have three cars,none of which is in good condition.(定語從句)
I have three cars,but none of them is in good condition.(并列句)
The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定語從句,that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語可省略)
He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位語從句,that在從句中不作成分,但不可省略)
例4、We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.
A.which
B.where
C.when
D.what
答案:A
【變式探究】
Recently I have bought an iPad 6 on the website of Taobao.com,________the price is very reasonable.
A.on which
B.in which
C.of which
D.from which
解析:句意:我最近在淘寶網(wǎng)買了一臺(tái)iPad 6,它的價(jià)格非常合理。of表示所屬關(guān)系,意為“……的”。of which the price=the price of which=whose price。
答案:C
【高考真題解讀】
1.(2024·江蘇)The number of smokers,
is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
解析 句意:據(jù)報(bào)道吸煙者的數(shù)量在一年內(nèi)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句在這里作主語意為“正如……這一點(diǎn)”代替整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。
答案 as
(2024·湖南)It is a truly delightful place,
looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
解析 句意:這真是一個(gè)令人開心的地方它看起來和一百年前一模一樣有著蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行詞place在定語從句中用作主語引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。不可用that。
答案 which
(2024·浙江)Creating an atmosphere in
employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
答案 which
(2024·重慶)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of
were published in the 1990s.
解析 句意:他寫了很多的兒童書其中接近一半是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及選項(xiàng)可知是考查非限制性定語從句從句中缺少主語。此處關(guān)系代詞which代指前面的books作介詞of的賓語。
答案 which
(2024·四川)The books on the desk,
covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
解析 考查定語從句。句意:桌上的書是給我們的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些書的封面閃閃發(fā)光。本題考查非限制性定語從句的連接詞先行詞為the books和covers之間是所有關(guān)系故用whose。
答案 whose
(2024·安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon
school education depends.
解析 句意:一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。 考查定語從句。depend on/upon依靠依賴介詞后只能用which或whom來構(gòu)成定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞先行詞為物故用which。
答案which
7.(2024·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,
shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
解析 句意:《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》吸引了全世界的讀者這表明世界上越來越which來引導(dǎo)。
答案 which
(2024·安徽)The exact year
Angela and her family spent together in China was 2024.
解析 考查定語從句。句意:Angela和她的家人一起呆在中國(guó)的那一年是20年。先行詞the exact year在定語從句中作spent的賓語且指物故用which也可用that或省略。
答案 which/that/不填
(2024·北京)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,
my classmates recommended to me.
答案 which
(2024·山東)A company
profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
解析 考查定語從句。句意:利潤(rùn)來源于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)且在下降的公司可以到國(guó)外尋找機(jī)會(huì)。此處關(guān)系代詞whose作定語。
答案 whose
【】which的考查是重中之重。
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例1.(2024·高考安徽卷,T28)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
A.it
B.that
C.whose
D.which
答案:D
【異混易錯(cuò)】as和which引導(dǎo)定語從句的區(qū)別
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中,as常譯為“正如……,正像……”.從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多為see,know,Expect,say,mention,report等.
The air quality in the city,as is shown in the report,has improved over the past two months.正如報(bào)告所顯示的,在過去的兩個(gè)月里,這個(gè)城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。
which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個(gè)句子時(shí),只能置于主句后,常譯為“這一點(diǎn),這件事”等,這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2024,which made one of the Chinese people’s long-h(huán)eld dreams come true.莫言被授予2024年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng),這使中國(guó)人長(zhǎng)久以來擁有的夢(mèng)想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。
【變式探究】
The number of smokers, ________ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A.it
B.which
C.what
D.a(chǎn)s
解析:考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。句意:正如所報(bào)道的,煙民的數(shù)量?jī)H僅在一年內(nèi)就下降了17%。as作為關(guān)系代詞, 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,位置非常靈活,可位于主句前、主 句后,也可位于主句中間。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)位于主句之后。
答案:D
【異混易錯(cuò)】
(1)whom,which,that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略;但介詞提前that。(2)as用在限制性定語從句中時(shí)先行詞必須有such或the same等修飾且as在從句中作賓語時(shí)不能省略。(3)定語從句中的主謂一致:關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與先行詞保持一致。(the) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”后接定語從句時(shí)當(dāng)先行詞為“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);當(dāng)先行詞為“the(only/very/right) one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
1.首先判斷是不是定語從句。如果是定語從句就要找準(zhǔn)先行詞;選用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞.及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語,就必須用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動(dòng)詞則 要求用關(guān)系副詞。
2.準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在從句中的成分(主、賓、定、表、狀),才能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。如果先行詞在從句中作 主語、賓語、定語,選擇關(guān)系代詞(which,that,who, whom,whose);如果先行詞在從句中作狀語,選擇關(guān)系副詞(when,where,why)。熟練掌握每個(gè)關(guān)系詞的用法是解題 的關(guān)鍵。
例2.(2024·高考北京卷,T24)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church,________ you can hear some lovely music.
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.where
答案:D
【變式探究】
In countries________many different languages are spoken,English is often used as an official language to help people communicate.
A.where
B.when
C.why
D.which
解析:考查定語從句。句意:在一些說多種語言的國(guó)家里,英語經(jīng)常作為官方語言來幫助人們交流。關(guān)系副詞where在此引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞countries。
答案:A
【熱點(diǎn)突破】 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1.依據(jù)定語從句中動(dòng)詞所需要的某種習(xí)慣搭配來確定。
I bought a great many books,on which I spent all my money
that I saved.我買了很多書,這些書花了我積攢的所有錢。(spend...on...)
2.依據(jù)與先行詞搭配的具體意義而定。
Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.
心靈的關(guān)愛是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過程,在這個(gè)過程中即使是細(xì)微的 生活細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)該被考慮在內(nèi)。(in...process)
3.依據(jù)所表達(dá)的意思來確定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.這種無色氣體就是氧氣,離了它我們不能活。
例3.(2024·高考重慶卷,T14)He wrote many children’s books,nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
A.whom
B.which
C.them
D.that
答案:B
【變式探究】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,________uses it differently.
A.a(chǎn)ll of which
B.each of which
C.a(chǎn)ll of them
D.each of them
解析:考查定語從句及主謂一致。句意:英語是一種被好幾種不同文化共享的語言,每種文化都用不同的方式使用它。首先根據(jù)空格后的uses使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式可知,空格處需用單數(shù)名詞或代詞,可從B、D兩項(xiàng)中選擇(A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)中的all暗示空格后用use); 再根據(jù)uses是謂語動(dòng)詞知空格處是主語,只有B項(xiàng)each of which能作主語,由此本句構(gòu)成了定語從句。若選D項(xiàng)each of them,空格前后兩部分需用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but連接,即構(gòu)成buteach of them uses,或用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)each of them using it differently。
答案:B
【熱點(diǎn)突破】:
抓住它們各自的特征,結(jié)合語境去判斷到底屬于何種句型 或從句。
I have three cars,none of which is in good condition.(定語從句)
I have three cars,but none of them is in good condition.(并列句)
The suggestion that he came up with is practical.(定語從句,that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語可省略)
He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位語從句,that在從句中不作成分,但不可省略)
例4、We’ll reach the sales targets in a month ________we set at the beginning of the year.
A.which
B.where
C.when
D.what
答案:A
【變式探究】
Recently I have bought an iPad 6 on the website of Taobao.com,________the price is very reasonable.
A.on which
B.in which
C.of which
D.from which
解析:句意:我最近在淘寶網(wǎng)買了一臺(tái)iPad 6,它的價(jià)格非常合理。of表示所屬關(guān)系,意為“……的”。of which the price=the price of which=whose price。
答案:C
【高考真題解讀】
1.(2024·江蘇)The number of smokers,
is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
解析 句意:據(jù)報(bào)道吸煙者的數(shù)量在一年內(nèi)下降了17%。as引導(dǎo)的定語從句在這里作主語意為“正如……這一點(diǎn)”代替整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。
答案 as
(2024·湖南)It is a truly delightful place,
looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
解析 句意:這真是一個(gè)令人開心的地方它看起來和一百年前一模一樣有著蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行詞place在定語從句中用作主語引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。不可用that。
答案 which
(2024·浙江)Creating an atmosphere in
employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
答案 which
(2024·重慶)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of
were published in the 1990s.
解析 句意:他寫了很多的兒童書其中接近一半是在20世紀(jì)90年代出版的。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及選項(xiàng)可知是考查非限制性定語從句從句中缺少主語。此處關(guān)系代詞which代指前面的books作介詞of的賓語。
答案 which
(2024·四川)The books on the desk,
covers are shiny,are prizes for us.
解析 考查定語從句。句意:桌上的書是給我們的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些書的封面閃閃發(fā)光。本題考查非限制性定語從句的連接詞先行詞為the books和covers之間是所有關(guān)系故用whose。
答案 whose
(2024·安徽)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon
school education depends.
解析 句意:一些專家認(rèn)為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。 考查定語從句。depend on/upon依靠依賴介詞后只能用which或whom來構(gòu)成定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞先行詞為物故用which。
答案which
7.(2024·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership,
shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
解析 句意:《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》吸引了全世界的讀者這表明世界上越來越which來引導(dǎo)。
答案 which
(2024·安徽)The exact year
Angela and her family spent together in China was 2024.
解析 考查定語從句。句意:Angela和她的家人一起呆在中國(guó)的那一年是20年。先行詞the exact year在定語從句中作spent的賓語且指物故用which也可用that或省略。
答案 which/that/不填
(2024·北京)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,
my classmates recommended to me.
答案 which
(2024·山東)A company
profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
解析 考查定語從句。句意:利潤(rùn)來源于國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)且在下降的公司可以到國(guó)外尋找機(jī)會(huì)。此處關(guān)系代詞whose作定語。
答案 whose