2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)試題精選:完形填空(說(shuō)明文型)(含解析)

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2024屆廣東省廣州市高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)試題精選:完形填空(說(shuō)明文型)(含解析)

  說(shuō)明文型完形填空

  一、考點(diǎn)解讀

  說(shuō)明文往往圍繞一個(gè)問(wèn)題從不同的側(cè)面來(lái)加以說(shuō)明,通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。說(shuō)明文一般有三類:一是實(shí)物性說(shuō)明文。包括說(shuō)明書、廣告、解說(shuō)詞、人物介紹、知識(shí)小品、知識(shí)注解等(實(shí)物是指國(guó)家、城市、人物、山水、樹木、花草、蟲魚、鳥獸、建筑、文化古跡、科技成果及各種工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品);二是事理性說(shuō)明文。包括理論性解釋、文書簡(jiǎn)介、教材等(事理是指觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、名詞概念、學(xué)術(shù)流派等);三是文藝性說(shuō)明文。即把說(shuō)明對(duì)象擬人化,進(jìn)而編成故事,對(duì)其進(jìn)行介紹。

  具體特點(diǎn)為:

  1. 開頭點(diǎn)題。做說(shuō)明文型完形填空時(shí),要明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是什么,是具體實(shí)物還是理論性概念。因此,明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。在近年的說(shuō)明文型完形填空題中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。

  2. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明文的寫作一般按時(shí)間順序(指先后順序),空間順序(從局部到整體、從上到下、從內(nèi)到外),邏輯順序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次),認(rèn)識(shí)順序(由此及彼、由淺入深、由具體到抽象、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì))。

  說(shuō)明文型完形填空短文層次清晰,整體性強(qiáng),所以,遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。說(shuō)明文往往較直白,寫作脈絡(luò)清晰,又沒(méi)有很多感情因素的摻入,所以就不會(huì)有過(guò)多的情感詞匯,自然不會(huì)有鉆不出的“迷宮”。據(jù)此特點(diǎn),我們便可以跟著“作者”走,理清整篇文章的思路,從而順利答題。

  二、題例精講

  1.

  Most people give little thought to the pens they write with,especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten. All too often,people buy a pen based only on __2__,and wonder

  why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it. However,buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind.

  First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use. The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)__6__ comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers,you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers,you may __8__ a fatter pen. The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort. A pen that is too__10__ can easily feel top- heavy and unstable.

  Then,the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly (均勻地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing. The point should also

  be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink,__16__you pick the pen up and put it down again.

  __17__,the pen should make a thick,dark line. Fine- line pens may __18__ bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command __19__ next to printed text,as,__20__,a signature on a printed letter. A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority (權(quán)威).

 ?。ǎ?. A. many B. few

  C. pleasant

  D. important

 ?。ǎ?. A. looks

  B. reason

  C. value

  D. advantages

 ?。ǎ?. A. once

  B. if C. because

  D. though

  ()4. A. convenient

  B. practical C. strange

  D. difficult

 ?。ǎ?. A. heavy

  B. easy

  C. hard

  D. safe

 ?。ǎ?. A. taking

  B. finding

  C. determining

  D. seeking

 ?。ǎ?. A. stronger

  B. weaker C. smaller

  D. larger

 ?。ǎ?. A. prefer

  B. recommend

  C. prepare

  D. demand

 ?。ǎ?. A. hardly

  B. also

  C. never

  D. still

 ?。ǎ?0. A. thick

  B. light

  C. long

  D. soft

  ()11. A. change

  B. allow

  C. reduce

  D. press

 ?。ǎ?2. A. They

  B. One

  C. This

  D. Some

  ()13. A. thin

  B. rough

  C. black

  D. smooth

 ?。ǎ?4. A. prevent

  B. free

  C. protect

  D. remove

 ?。ǎ?5. A. way

  B. sight

  C. flow

  D. stream

  ()16. A. so

  B. as

  C. and

  D. yet

 ?。ǎ?7. A. Meanwhile

  B. Generally

  C. Afterwards

  D. Finally

  ()18. A. show up

  B. differ from C. break down

  D. compensate for

 ?。ǎ?9. A. attention

  B. support C. respect

  D. admission

 ?。ǎ?0. A. at most

  B. for example C. in brief

  D. on purpose

  1.B 文章開頭說(shuō)人們很少注意選擇鋼筆,原因是手寫的東西很少。

  2.A 人們買鋼筆主要基于樣子(looks)。

  3.A 一旦使用才發(fā)現(xiàn)并不滿意。

  4.D 如果按作者說(shuō)的做,買一支喜歡的鋼筆并不難。

  5.B 買鋼筆要與手合適,使用起來(lái)容易。

  6.C 鋼筆的粗度決定了使用時(shí)是否舒適。

  7.D 手大的當(dāng)然要買粗一點(diǎn)的,與前文Having a small hand相呼應(yīng)。

  8.A 根據(jù)句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗,你可能會(huì)更喜歡一支更粗的筆?!边xA。recommend“推薦”;prepare“準(zhǔn)備”;demand“要求”,均不合句意。

  9.B 鋼筆的長(zhǎng)度也影響舒適度。

  10.C 太長(zhǎng)的筆拿著容易感到頭重,不穩(wěn)。

  11.B 筆尖要使得墨水均勻流暢。

  12.C 這一點(diǎn)(This)使得流利書寫成為可能。

  13.D 根據(jù)前一句話“...allow the ink to flow evenly(均勻地) while

  the pen remains in touch with the paper.” 即可推知:使你的書寫線條流暢。

  14.A 不寫的時(shí)候,筆尖要防止墨水流出。prevent...from阻止;free from免于;protect...from保護(hù);remove from從……中移開(拿走,除掉)。

  15.C 

  16.B 當(dāng)你拿筆或放筆的時(shí)候。

  17.D 由上文First of all...,Then...可知這里應(yīng)用Finally。

  18.D 好的筆可以彌補(bǔ)書寫差的缺點(diǎn)。show up使顯示出;differ from與……不同;break down損壞,發(fā)生故障;compensate for 賠償,補(bǔ)償損失。

  19.A 和印刷體比較,寫得好(指簽名)也并不能引起注意。

  20.B at most 至多;for example 例如;in brief 總之;on purpose故意地。

  三、試題模擬

  Long time ago, if a child had some problems in his life, he might go home and write in his

  ___1__. Now, a child with the same problems might go onto the Internet and write about them in a blog(博客). In many ways, a diary and a blog are very

  __2__. So, what makes blogging different from writing in a(an)

  __3__

  diary?

  The biggest difference is that a blog is much more

  __4__

  than a diary. Usually, a teenager treats his diary like a book full of

  __5___

  that he does not want to

  __6__.

  It's interesting that someone who writes in a blog

  __7__

  a diary will probably write nearly the same information.

  I have a little sister, and sometimes I go online to read her blog. She

  __8__

  about things like waking up early for swimming practice and not studying enough for her chemistry test.

  __9__

  I was her age, I wrote about the same things, but

  __10__

  in my diary. Then, after I had finished writing, I would hide my diary in a secret place because I was

  __11__

  that my sister might read it!

  The biggest

  __12__

  with blogging is that anyone can read what you write. If I was angry with a friend during high school and wrote something

  __13__

  about her in my diary, she would never know. __14__, if my sister ever wrote something bad about a friend, that friend

  __15__

  read her blog and get angry.

  There are also

  __16__

  to blogging, of course. If I was feeling sad one day and wrote in my diary, “Nobody cares about me,” __17__

  would know about it. However,

  if my sister wrote

  the same sentence in her blog, her best friends would

  __18__

  respond(回應(yīng))and tell her how much they like her. Blogs help people

  __19__

  in contact with their friends and

  know what the people

  ___20__

  them are doing.

 ?。ǎ?.A.notebook

  B.diary

  C.blog

  D.Book

 ?。ǎ?.A.familiar B.same

  C.similar

  D.Different

  ()3.A.old

  B.real

  C.daily

  D.Traditional

 ?。ǎ?.A.convenient

  B.secret C.public

  D.cheap

 ?。ǎ?.A.secrets

  B.mysteries C.questions

  D.Puzzles

 ?。ǎ?.A.publish

  B.share

  C.solve

  D.Answer

 ?。ǎ?.A.instead

  B.a(chǎn)s well as

  C.in favor of

  D.instead of

 ?。ǎ?.A.wonders

  B.learns

  C.writes

  D.worries

 ?。ǎ?.A.Although

  B.When

  C.Because

  D.Since

  ()10.A.only

  B.never

  C.a(chǎn)lso

  D.Still

 ?。ǎ?1.A.surprised

  B.glad

  C.interested

  D.Worried

  ()12.A.difficulty

  B.reason

  C.problem

  D.mistake

 ?。ǎ?3.A.good

  B.mean C.funny

  D.Interesting

 ?。ǎ?4.A.However

  B.Also C.Then

  D.Besides

  ()15.A.will

  B.should

  C.must

  D.Might

 ?。ǎ?6.A.problems

  B.goods C.a(chǎn)dvantages

  D.mistakes

 ?。ǎ?7.A.everyone B.no one

  C.someone D.Anyone

  ()18.A.happily

  B.hardly C.seldom

  D.Quickly

 ?。ǎ?9.A.stay

  B.put

  C.lose

  D.Find

 ?。ǎ?0.A.besides

  B.over

  C.a(chǎn)round D.in front of

  【要點(diǎn)綜述】 這是一篇說(shuō)明文,說(shuō)明了博客和日記相比的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。這篇文章和我們現(xiàn)實(shí)生活貼得很近,解答問(wèn)題時(shí)要多考慮實(shí)際,做起來(lái)就比較順手。

  1.B 通讀全文,了解大意知:作者一直在比較“博客”和“日記”的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷譯文為:很久以前,如果一個(gè)孩子在他的生活中有一些問(wèn)題,他可能回家寫在他的“日記”里。

  2.D 通過(guò)后一句what makes blogging different from writing in a … diary?我們可以判斷出是說(shuō)兩者不同。故選D。

  3.D “在很多方面,日記和博客是有很大差別的。所以,寫一篇‘傳統(tǒng)’日記和寫一篇博客有什么差別呢?”這需要我們聯(lián)系實(shí)際生活,A意為“老的,舊的”,放在文中,語(yǔ)意不通順,排除A項(xiàng);B意為“真的”,放在文中,語(yǔ)意也不通順,所以也排除;C意為“每天的”,和“日記”本身含義重復(fù),所以排除;D意為“傳統(tǒng)的”,放到文中最恰當(dāng),故D為正確答案。

  4.C 聯(lián)系實(shí)際或通過(guò)了解下文大意我們很容易判斷出“博客和日記相比,最大的不同是:博客更加‘公開化’。”故選public。

  5.A 上句中“博客”和“日記”最大的不同是,“博客”更公開化,相反,我們很容易猜測(cè)出“日記”充滿了“秘密”,所以選secrets。

  6.B “通常情況下,一個(gè)青少年對(duì)待她的日記像一本充滿‘秘密的’書,她不想和別人一起‘分享’書的內(nèi)容?!薄懊孛堋碑?dāng)然不能與別人分享,所以選share。

  7.D 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷譯文:一件有意思的事是,某個(gè)人寫了一篇博客,這和他的日記可能完全一樣,但是它是博客,而不是日記?!岸皇恰庇霉潭ù钆鋓nstead of。

  8.C 在博客上“寫”文章,應(yīng)用writes。

  9.B “當(dāng)我像她這個(gè)年齡的時(shí)候,……”,“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,應(yīng)用When。

  10.A “當(dāng)我像她這個(gè)年齡的時(shí)候,我寫跟她相同的東西,但是我‘僅僅’寫在我的日記里?!敝挥蠥項(xiàng)放到文中,語(yǔ)意通順,符合實(shí)際情況。故A為正確答案。

  11.D 把日記藏起來(lái),當(dāng)然是怕別人發(fā)現(xiàn),所以顯得很“擔(dān)心”,故選worried。

  12.C 通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀這段文字,不難看出作者是在寫博客的最大“問(wèn)題”,所以用problem。

  13.B mean 此處表示“刻薄的,不客氣的”。

  14.A 此空前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以要用表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞However。

  15.D “然而,我的妹妹如果把對(duì)朋友不好的話寫在博客里,這位朋友就可能讀到,并且很生氣?!彼赃xmight,表示有這種可能,但把握性不大,只是一種推測(cè)。

  16.C 仔細(xì)閱讀文章最后一段不難看出,這段是講博客的“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”。所以選advantages。

  17.B “沒(méi)有人關(guān)心我,沒(méi)有人知道我為什么而悲傷?”聯(lián)系實(shí)際我們很容易判斷出主語(yǔ)應(yīng)有否定形式。所以選B。

  18.D 聯(lián)系實(shí)際,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳遞信息是瞬間的,只要她的好朋友看到這篇博客,回應(yīng)應(yīng)該也很快。所以用quickly。

  19.A “保持和……的關(guān)系”用固定搭配stay/keep in contact with…

  20.C “博客幫助人們維持他們和好朋友間的關(guān)系,并且時(shí)常能知道他們‘周圍的’人在做些什么?”“在……的周圍”用around,故C為正確答案。

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