2024屆廣東省廣州市天河中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一輪復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞01（含答案）

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　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的各種觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，如需要、猜測(cè)、意愿或懷疑等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義，但不完全，是所謂的“輔助性”動(dòng)詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。

　　一、?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征和形式

　　A. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的各種形式見(jiàn)下表：

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定式簡(jiǎn)略否定式

　　may ?might can ? could ? must ? have to ? ought to ? will ? would ? shall ? should ? need ? dare ? used to may not ? might not ? cannot can not ? could not ? must not ? do not have to ? ought not to ? will not ? would not ? shall not ? should not ? need not ? dare not ? used not to ? did not use to mayn't（老式英語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在不常見(jiàn)） ? mightn't ? can't ? couldn't ? mustn't ? don't have to ? oughtn't to （否定句中to可省略） ? won't ? wouldn't ? shan't （只用于英國(guó)英語(yǔ)） ? shouldn't ? needn't ? daren't ? usedn't to ? didn't use to

　　B．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不帶to的不定式。

　　1．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do ? You shouldn't be so careless. 你不該這樣粗心大意。 ? Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.

　　杰西卡昨天告訴他，她可能不去旅行了。 ? Difficulties can and must be overcome.? 困難能夠而且必須克服。2．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be doing ? She must be listening to pop music. ? 她肯定在聽(tīng)流行音樂(lè)。 ? You should be reviewing your lessons.? 你應(yīng)該在復(fù)習(xí)功課。 ? My mother maymight be cooking now.? 我媽媽可能正在做飯。

　　3．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done ? They might have visited the Great Wall.? 他們可能參觀過(guò)長(zhǎng)城了。 ? He must have got up very early to catch the train.? 他一定起得很早去趕火車(chē)了。 ? You ought to have come earlier.? 你本該早一點(diǎn)兒來(lái)。

　　4．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be done ? This word can also be used as a verb.? 這個(gè)詞也可以用作動(dòng)詞。 ? Something must be done to stop pollution.? 必須采取措施來(lái)制止污染。 ? The work ought to have been finished long ago.? 這工作早就該完成了。 ? C. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)沒(méi)有詞形變化。 ? You ought to wear a raincoat.? 你應(yīng)該穿件雨衣。 ? She ought to wear a raincoat.? 她應(yīng)該穿件雨衣。 ? Plants must have oxygen in order to live.? 為了存活植物必須有氧氣。 ? A plant must have oxygen in order to live.? 為了存活植物必須有氧氣。

　　D. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)并不是區(qū)分時(shí)間的主要標(biāo)志。在一些場(chǎng)合中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式都可以表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、過(guò)去時(shí)間或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間。 ? I'm afraid it might rain tonight.? 我看今晚可能要下雨。 ? Could I borrow your thermos? 我可以借用你的暖水瓶嗎？ ? It's a nice day today. We could go for a walk.? 今天天氣不錯(cuò)，我們可以出去散散步。? E. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是互相排斥的，一般不允許兩個(gè)意義相近的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。【誤】Soldiers must have to obey orders. 【正】Soldiers have to obey orders.????? 軍人必須服從命令。【正】Soldiers must obey orders.????? 軍人必須服從命令。【誤】Can I be able to borrow two books at a time 【正】Can I borrow two books at a time????? 我能一次借兩本書(shū)嗎？【正】Will I be able to borrow two books at a time????? 我能一次借兩本書(shū)嗎？二、?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法

　　A. may和might ? 1．表示請(qǐng)求、許可，常譯為“可以”。 ? 在口語(yǔ)中可用can, could代替may，但在正式場(chǎng)合用may。表示允許時(shí)，也可用might代替，might不表示過(guò)去時(shí)，而是表示口氣比較婉轉(zhuǎn)。 ? You may take this seat if you like.? 如果你喜歡可以坐這個(gè)位置。 ? MayCan /Could/ Might I have a talk with you?? 我可以和你談?wù)剢幔?? --- MayMight I come into the room to see my mother?? 我可以進(jìn)房間看我母親嗎？ ? --- No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest.? 不，你不能進(jìn)。她需要好好休息。提示： May I ... 問(wèn)句常見(jiàn)的肯定回答和否定回答。肯定回答Yes, please.Certainly. Yes, of course. Sure. Go ahead, please.? 否定回答 No, you can't. （最常見(jiàn)）No, you mustn't. （具有強(qiáng)烈禁止的意思） Please don't. You'd better not. I don't think you can. I'm sorry it's not allowed.

　　2．表示推測(cè)，可譯為“可能，也許”。 ? Your math teacher maymight be in his office.????? 你們的數(shù)學(xué)老師可能在辦公室里。（一般情況下，might表示的可能性很小） ? The light isn't on. It maymight be broken.? 那盞燈沒(méi)有亮，它可能壞了。 ? There may might be some ink left in the bottle.? 瓶子里也許還剩點(diǎn)兒墨水。 ? 注意： ? 用may表示推測(cè)一般不用于疑問(wèn)句，在疑問(wèn)句中通常用can來(lái)代替。 ? Can he be at home? 他可能在家嗎？ ? --- Can it be true?? 這可能是真的嗎？ ? --- It may be, or may not be.? 可能是，也可能不是。

　　3．用在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。 ? He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time. ? 他想坐出租車(chē)，這樣他就能及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。 ? I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him. ? 我早早地就到了機(jī)場(chǎng)為了能接到他。

　　4．有時(shí)可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。 ? May you succeed.? 祝你成功? May you be happy.? 祝你快樂(lè)。 ? May that day come soon.?希望這一天早日到來(lái)。? ? B. can和could ? 1．表示能力，可譯為“能，會(huì)”。 ? I can swim. 我會(huì)游泳。 ? Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young. ?? 艾米麗舞跳得很好，她媽媽年輕時(shí)舞跳得也很好。 ? The cinema can seat 1,000 people.? 這電影院能容納1，000人。 ? I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old. ? 我七歲時(shí)連如此簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)我也看不懂。

　　2．表示允許、許可，常用在口語(yǔ)中。could比can語(yǔ)氣上要客氣。 ? --- Could I use your dictionary? 我可以用一下你的字典嗎？ ? ---Yes, go ahead.? 可以，用吧。（或Yes, you can. 但不能說(shuō)Yes, you could.） ? Could Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? 勞駕，你能告訴我怎么去動(dòng)物園嗎？ ? He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room. ? 他問(wèn)我可不可以把書(shū)帶出閱覽室。

　　3．表示推測(cè)，可用于肯定句（can罕見(jiàn)）、否定句和疑問(wèn)句，但更常見(jiàn)于疑問(wèn)句或否定句。在此種用法中can和could沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別，只是表示可能性的大小，can表示推測(cè)的可能性比could大。 ? Can he be ill at home?? 他會(huì)是生病在家嗎？ ? Can the story be true? 這個(gè)故事會(huì)是真的嗎？ ? He cannot be at home.? 他不可能在家。 ? You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the woods. You could start a fire. ? 在林子里走時(shí)一定不要吸煙，那樣可能會(huì)引起火災(zāi)。

　　4．表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。 ? How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心？ ? Where can could they have gone? 他們會(huì)去了哪里？ ? He can'tcouldn't be over sixty.? 他不可能超過(guò)60歲。

　　5．Could可以用在虛擬條件句中。 ?If I could fly, I should be very happy.? 如果我能飛，我會(huì)很高興。 ?If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)我的，你早就做完了。If you had tried harder, you could have passed your exam.

　　如果你再努力些，你就能通過(guò)考試了。

　?。叮甤an與be able to的區(qū)別

　?、賑an表示“能力”時(shí)，和be able to相當(dāng)，許多場(chǎng)合都可以互相替換。但當(dāng)敘述過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力才能完成的事情或前面有特殊說(shuō)明，表示你有能力時(shí)，只能用be able to?！菊緾an you speak any foreign languages????? 你會(huì)說(shuō)外語(yǔ)嗎？【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages????? 你會(huì)說(shuō)外語(yǔ)嗎？【誤】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody could escape. 【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody was able to escape. ????? 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但大家都逃了出來(lái)。【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape. 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大樓，但大家都想法逃了出來(lái)。

　?、赽e able to 比can有更多形式。 ? No one could answer the question.沒(méi)人能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。這里could可用was able to 代替） ? When he grows up, he will be able to support his family.? 他長(zhǎng)大后就能養(yǎng)家了。 ? Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one week. ? 弗蘭克病了，已經(jīng)一周沒(méi)去上學(xué)了。 ? I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time. ? 對(duì)不起，不能及時(shí)幫你的忙。

　?、踓ould經(jīng)常和動(dòng)詞see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等連用。 ? When we went into the house, we could smell something burning. ? 當(dāng)我們走進(jìn)屋子時(shí)，我們聞到什么東西燒焦了。（不用was able to） ? She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what she said. ? 雖然她講話的聲音很低，但我還是明白了她說(shuō)的話。

　　④在談?wù)撜f(shuō)話時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用can，不用be able to。 ? 【誤】Look! I'm able to swim. ? 【正】Look! I can swim.?????? 看，我會(huì)游泳了！

　　C．must和have to

　　1．must表示有做某一動(dòng)作的必要或義務(wù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，可譯為“必須，應(yīng)該”。 ? Everyone must obey the rule.? 人人都必須遵守制度。 ? We must do everything step by step. ? 我們必須逐步做每件事。 ? Teachers must be patient enough with their students.? 老師必須對(duì)學(xué)生有足夠的耐心。

　　2．have to 表示因客觀需要促使主語(yǔ)不得不做某事。 ? You can't turn right here. You have to turn left.? 你不能在這里右拐，你必須左拐。 ? My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. ? 我的視力很差，看書(shū)時(shí)不得不戴眼鏡。 ? You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence. ? 你在取得駕照之前必須先通過(guò)考試。 ? 提示： ? 在口語(yǔ)中，我們可以使用have got to來(lái)代替have to. ? I've got to work on Sunday.? 我不得不星期天工作。 ? When has Ann got to go安必須什么時(shí)候走？