2024高考英語常見語法復(fù)習(xí)（15）
高考英語完形填空試題的特點(diǎn) 1. 取材廣泛 2. 首句不設(shè)空 3. 考查實(shí)詞（動詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等）為主，虛詞（連詞、冠詞、介詞等）為輔 4. 重點(diǎn)考查篇章語意，即意義選擇為主，語法填空極少 5. 以單詞填空為主，詞組和短語填空為輔 6. 選擇最佳答案 ㈡ 高考完形填空的考點(diǎn) ⒈ 單詞考查：根據(jù)四個選項(xiàng)本身的意義和其變形并結(jié)合所在的句子的意思就能夠做出選擇。 ⒉ 搭配考查：空缺詞的前后固定搭配關(guān)系決定空缺處的取舍。 ⒊ 句子考查：這一層次的考點(diǎn)主要是句子里的關(guān)系代詞、連詞等。 ⒋ 語篇考查：文章的上下文決定所缺處所選擇的詞。這一考點(diǎn)要求根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行理解，根據(jù)層次結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系，去選擇符合文章情節(jié)的答案。 ㈢ 高考完形填空對考生的能力要求 ⒈ 根據(jù)上下文提供的語境來確定選項(xiàng)的能力。 ⒉ 具有較強(qiáng)的快速閱讀和語篇的整體理解能力，能根據(jù)上下文線索通篇考慮。 ⒊ 邏輯思維能力，理解文章主題思想的能力和推理判斷的能力。 ⒋ 熟練掌握并靈活運(yùn)用詞匯、短語的能力。 ㈣ 完形填空應(yīng)試技巧概說 ⒈ 細(xì)讀首句。 ⒉ 通讀全文，掌握大意，粗選答案。 ⒊上下文連貫，精選答案。 ⒋ 復(fù)讀全文，消除疏漏。 解題技巧祥述 一、利用語法分析解題 我們可以通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、確定考查的語法項(xiàng)目來選出答案 She said that 53 in her life had she received such good service from any business.(04遼 寧) A. only? B. almost? C. never? D. nearly 二、利用固定句型解題 有些句型在經(jīng)過反復(fù)使用后，會形成一種定式，這對確定題目的答案很有幫助。 1.Everyone? was 48 afraid?? to?? go? in? because?? the?? fire was out of control so?? I? went?? in.(04重慶) 48. A. so B. much C. quite D. too 2.I was leaving 49several girls came up to me. (04年天津 ) 49.A. while B. when C. as? D. since 三、利用語境意義解題 把選項(xiàng)放到特定的語境里進(jìn)行判別，從而選出正確答案 Two weeks later the guest received? a 48 at? her? home .In? it?? were?? photos? of? all? the? actors?? of?? our?? show personally signed? by? each? performer. There?? were? also pictures of? the? public? procession and? fireworks? in? the? park...(04福建) 48. A. film? B. card? C. camera?? D. packet 四、利用同義詞、近義詞或反義詞的信息解題 在閱讀文章過程中，有時會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些與選項(xiàng)意義緊密相連的同義詞、近義詞或反義 詞。因此，要學(xué)會充分利用這些詞提供的有效信息進(jìn)行合理的推測判斷，選出答案。 1. On?? 39? days, she?? wore?? heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves. Summertime brought out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat polled low over her sunglasses.(04江蘇) 39. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy 2. Did she have an accident?? Something worse? I?? thought to myself? about? her? 46 .Now that she was gone, I? felt? I? had known her.(04江蘇) 46. A. disappearance? B. appearance C. misfortune? D. fortune 五、利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題 完形填空試題中，某一詞語常常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中，使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構(gòu)成一個完整而有機(jī)的意義整體 All?? of?? a? sudden? I? started? to? feel? rather 42 . She? wondered why I was looking for this? sort of? 43 I? felt?? even? more? helpless?? when? she told me? that? it? would be difficult to get a job without experience.(04廣東) 42. A. encouraged? B. helpless? C. sad? D. pleased 43. A. place?? B. jobC. adviceD. help 六、利用排除法解題 有時我們會遇到這樣的情況，對某個題目的正確選項(xiàng)的含義、用法不甚明白， 但發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項(xiàng)有顯而易見的謬誤。這時，我們可以嘗試排除法。運(yùn)用排除法可將干擾項(xiàng)逐項(xiàng)檢查、驗(yàn)證，發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤的選項(xiàng)就立即剔除。 Finally?? I? was49by? his? lively sense of humor (04全國). A. disturbed?? B. moved C. attractedD. defeated 七、利用首句信息解題 完形填空通常首句不設(shè)空，目的是讓考生迅速進(jìn)入主題，熟悉語言環(huán)境，建立正確的思維導(dǎo)向 We may look at the world around us，but? somehow? we? manage? not? to? see? it until? whatever we’ve? become? used? to? suddenly? disappears......she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I remember all? this? only? after? she was seen no more. It? was then? that? I? realized? how 43 I expected? to? see? her? each? morning. You? might? say?? I 44 her.(04全國) 43. A. longB. often C. soon? D. much 44. A. respected?? B. missedC. praised?? D. admired 八、利用暗示信息解題 做題時要有全局觀念，進(jìn)行連貫性思維，做題時要把每個空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。難選之處前后通常多有暗示，這種暗示多為后面暗示前面 ...he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 47 agriculture, diving? and? mathematics.(04全國) 47. A. questions?? B. subjectsC. mattersD. contents 九、利用語篇標(biāo)志解題 語篇一般指比句子長的語言單位，語篇與語篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語，這些詞語被稱為“語篇標(biāo)志”。在做完形填空時，如果能充分利用這些語篇標(biāo)志語，就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文的關(guān)系。 She told the? front-desk clerk? she? had? had?? a(n) 38 vacation butwas?? heartbrokenabout losing several? rolls of? Kodak color? film? she? had not? yet developed.(04福建) 38.A.disappointing?? B. wonderful C. uncomfortable?? D. important 十、利用文化背景和生活常識解題 在做題時，若能積極地調(diào)動自己所掌握的文化背景和生活常識知識，特別是注意中西文化的差異，并巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。 Owing springs and streams sometimes means control, particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.(04遼寧) 37. A. dry? B. distantC. deserted?? D. wild 十一、利用固定搭配解題 英語中的固定搭配種類繁多，包括各種習(xí)慣用法等?？忌仨毣üし蛴涀?，做到脫口 而出。 I? admired?? the?? fact?? that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them?? 44?? the? telephone.(04全國) 44.A. with B. by C. from? D. on 十二、利用詞組解題 以動詞、名詞和形容詞為中心所構(gòu)成的詞組，通常為考查的重點(diǎn)。 Is all this pressure necessary? I 50 up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same，and two of them stopped playing football completely (2004年北京高考題). 50. A. gave? B. kept C. ended?? D. picked 十三、利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)解題 “平行結(jié)構(gòu)”指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似，意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語氣一致的句子或詞組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象，掌握這些結(jié)構(gòu)極為相似的句子可大大提高我們的解題效率 。 __45__the wallet, found? in the? street, be put into a pocket __46 __ turned over to the policeman? Should the extra change received at the store be forgotten or returned? (1996年全國高考題) 45. A. Should B. Must? C. Would D. Need 46. A. and B. or C. then? D. but
