2024屆高三英語語法要點(diǎn)細(xì)講精練(最新高考+模擬):專題20 情景交際
2024屆高三英語語法要點(diǎn)精講(最新高考+模擬)
專題20
情景交際
【考綱解讀】
高考研究高考英語情景交際考點(diǎn)是用來考查考生在一定語境下對應(yīng)答或習(xí)慣表達(dá)的掌握情況。其實(shí)質(zhì)是對學(xué)生口語能力進(jìn)行一種書面的考查。一般來說,高考中對于情景交際試題要求主要包括《英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中所涉及的68個話題。主要體現(xiàn)在社會交往(問候、告別、道歉、祝愿、祝賀等)中人的態(tài)度(同意或不同意;喜歡或不喜歡;肯定或不肯定;可能或不可能;能夠或不能夠等)或表示的一種情感(高興、驚奇、憂慮、安慰、滿意、遺憾、同情等)等。
對情景交際的考查是英語高考中的一種潮流。它的目的主要在于考查考生對英語知識的理解及應(yīng)用,從而檢測出考生對英語的駕馭能力。
國家高中英語新課標(biāo)列出了11個方面共66個功能意念項(xiàng)目以及24個話題項(xiàng)目。下面是最常用的一些情景交際語境。
1.Introduction(介紹)
—This is Mr Smith.
—Nice/Glad/Pleased to meet you.
2.Greetings(問候)
—How are you doing?
—Very well,thank you.
3.Thanks(感謝)
—Thank you very much.
—It’s a pleasure./My Pleasure./That’s OK./You’re welcome./Don’t mention it./That’s all right.
4.Apologies(道歉)
—I’m sorry for losing your radio.
—That’s OK./It’s all right./Never mind./It’s nothing./Forget it./It doesn’t matter.
5.Invitation(邀請)
—Would you like to have a cup of coffee?
—Thank you./No, thank you.
6.Asking for permission(請求允許)
—Would/Do you mind my smoking here?
—Of course,you can./Go ahead,please.
I’m sorry,it’s not allowed./I’m afraid not.
7.Expressing wishes and congratulations(祝愿和祝賀)
—I’m going to have an English Exam.
—Good luck!
—I have just won the first prize in the maths competition.
—Congratulations!
8.Offering help(提供幫助)
—Shall I help you with that?
—Yes,please./Yes,thanks.
No,thanks./Thank you all the same.
9.Making appointments(約會)
—Let’s make it at 5:30.
—All right.See you then.
10.Making telephone calls(打電話)
—Hello! May I speak to Tom?/Is that Tom speaking?
—Just a moment, please./Sorry. He isn’t in just now. /Hold the line, please. /Hello. This is Mary speaking.
11.Having meals(就餐)
—Would you like something to eat/drink?
—Yes,I’d like a drink./I’d like rice and chicken.
No,thank you.I’ve had enough.
12.Seeing a doctor(就醫(yī))
—What’s the matter?
—I’m not quite myself./I feel terrible(bad,horrible...).
I have a headache./There is something wrong with....
13.Shopping購物
—What can I do for you?/May I help you?
—I want/I’d like a pair of sports shoes.
14.Asking the way(問路)
—Excuse me.Where is the post office?/Excuse me.Which is the way to the post office?/Can(Could) you tell me the way to the post office?/How can I get to the post office?
—It’s over there./Go down this street until you see the tall red building.You can’t miss it./You can take bus No.23./Turn left at the first crossing./Sorry,I don’t know.I’m a stranger here.
15.Talking about weather(談?wù)撎鞖?
—What’s the weather like today?/How is the weather today?
—It’s nice/fine/sunny/cloudy/rainy/snowy/foggy.
16.Sympathy(同情)
—My mother is ill.I have to stay at home and look after her.
—I’m sorry to hear that.
17.Frequency(頻度)
—How often do you go to movies?
—Once a week.
18.Praise and encouragement(贊揚(yáng)和鼓勵)
—You speak excellent English.
—Thank you.
典題鏈接
英語是一種交流工具。為考查考生的能力,交際用語在高考中一直有所體現(xiàn)。高考對日常用語的考查范圍主要集中在以下5個方面:
1.請求許可與回答:
—May I turn down the radio a bit?
—______, if you insist.
A. No
B. My pleasure
C. All right
D. That’s right
本題選C項(xiàng)。上文在征詢意見,請求許可。下文盡管有點(diǎn)不樂意,還是同意了。All right,OK都可以。如果沒有if you insist,可以爽快地說Go ahead/Yes,of course.
—Do you mind my smoking here?
—______.
A. No, please don’t
B. I don’t want you to
C. I’m afraid I don’t
D. I’d rather you didn’t
本題選D項(xiàng),用I’d rather主觀愿望句表示不同意。用虛擬語氣顯得比較客氣,委婉。如果直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f,就用I’m afraid I do.這樣顯得有點(diǎn)不客氣。
2.請求幫助、提供幫助、接受幫助或拒絕幫助
—Would you do me a favor of posting this letter?
—_______.
A. It’s my pleasure
B. No trouble
C. Yes, that’s right
D. With pleasure
本題選D項(xiàng)。With pleasure是I’ll do that with pleasure.(我很樂意)的省略。而A項(xiàng)是你幫過忙,別人致謝時,你的回答。我很榮幸。
—Let me carry the bag for you, professor.
—Thank you.______.
A. Go ahead
B. Here you are
C. I can manage
D. Take it
本題選C項(xiàng)。I can manage(it).我自己能行;A項(xiàng)go ahead 前面說過,是別人請求許可時的爽快回答;B項(xiàng)意思是給你;D項(xiàng)是叫別人收下什么時說的。
—Sir, can I ask a favor?
—______
A. I’m sorry, but what?
B. Sure, what is it?
C. Yes, you could.
D. I’d love to.
本題選B項(xiàng)。先同意,然后問是什么。C項(xiàng)對別人應(yīng)該說Yes, you can.有求于人時才用委婉的could;而D項(xiàng)與上文不符。
3.就餐場合
—How do you want the beef?
—_______.
A. Small
B. Thin
C. Hot
D. Medium
本題選D項(xiàng)。上文問的是牛肉要幾成熟?只有D項(xiàng)Medium(七八成熟,不老不嫩)是正確的回答。當(dāng)然還有rare(嫩一點(diǎn))或Welldone(老一點(diǎn))。
—Can I help you, sir?
—______.
A. Yes, you can
B. No, I don’t need any help
C. Of course, if you like
D. No, thanks, I’m being served
本題選D項(xiàng)。對話發(fā)生在餐館。服務(wù)員問:先生要點(diǎn)些什么食物?顧客回答:不,我已經(jīng)點(diǎn)過了。選項(xiàng)A和C人稱用錯;選項(xiàng)B語氣不委婉;I’m being serve. 已經(jīng)點(diǎn)過,只是點(diǎn)的東西還沒上來。故選D。4.問路
—It’s several blocks away. Let me draw you a map.
—_______.
A. Thanks
B. Oh, I would really appreciate that
C. That’ll be OK
D. Oh, you don’t have to
本題選B項(xiàng)。就上下文來說B項(xiàng)最合適,A、C兩項(xiàng)略顯冷淡了點(diǎn),對于幫了大忙的人,光Thanks和OK不足以表達(dá)感謝之情。
—______.
—Oh, look at my poor sense of direction.
A. Let me help you
B. This way, please
C. Here it is
D. No hurry
本題選B項(xiàng)。這是發(fā)生在路上的對話。根據(jù)下文“看我這方向感!”,可知走錯路了。所以上文應(yīng)該是“這邊請!”
5.祝賀和祝愿
—Happy Father’s Day, Dad!
—______.
A. You are welcome
B. That’s all right
C. Thank you
D. The same to you
本題選C項(xiàng)。子女對父親說:父親節(jié)快樂。父親回答:謝謝?;騃t’s nice of you to say so.真是好孩子!
—Have a sweet dream, Honey!
—______.
A. Thanks, anyway
B. I will
C. All right
D. You too
本題選D項(xiàng)。晚上父母把孩子送上床,然后說:做個好夢?;卮穑耗阋彩?。在其他相互祝愿的情況下You too 都可用。如在party上:—Enjoy yourself!—You too.碰到熟人:—Have a nice day.—You too.過年過節(jié):—Have a happy new year!—You too.而A項(xiàng)是別人幫你的忙沒幫上時說的話,“不管怎么說,還是要謝謝你?!豹?/p>
英語交際型試題主要考查考生對英語知識的理解和應(yīng)用能力,考查考生對中西方文化差異的掌握情況及對英語的使用和駕馭能力。在高考英語試題中,交際用語的考查點(diǎn)相對集中。主要考查社會交往中的一些日常交際用語。考查的方式以應(yīng)答為主,提問為輔;以跨文化交際中差異明顯的交際項(xiàng)目為重點(diǎn)考查對象。命題方式有以下幾種。
考點(diǎn)1
習(xí)慣應(yīng)答類
許多情景對話中使用的是英美人的習(xí)慣用語。問候、告別、打電話、問路、看病、購物等常見的交際話題均有其較為固定的套語;感謝、道歉、祝愿、請求亦有其固定的應(yīng)答用語。對于這類題目,我們要遵循他們的習(xí)慣進(jìn)行回答。如:
1.常用于感謝的應(yīng)答用語有:You are welcome./Don’t mention it./It is my pleasure(My pleasure)./Not at a11./That’s all right./I’m glad(happy)that…/I’m glad you like(enjoy)it.
2.常用于道歉的應(yīng)答用語有:Never mind./It doesn’t matter./Not at a11./That’s all right./That is nothing.
3.常見的祝愿和祝賀用語有:Good luck!/Best wishes to you./Have a nice time./Wish you a pleasant journey./Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Happy birthday to you.而應(yīng)答用語有:Thank you./The same to you./You too.
4.接受請求和邀請的應(yīng)答用語有:With pleasure./I’d be happy(glad)to./Yes,help yourself./No problem./Good idea/Sounds good/Why not?拒絕請求和邀請的應(yīng)答用語有:Sorry,but…/I’d rather you…/Thank you,but…/No way!/Forget it。
5.其他場景習(xí)慣應(yīng)答用語考生也應(yīng)注意。問候的應(yīng)答用語
有:How do you do./Fine,thank you.介紹的應(yīng)答用語有:Very glad(pleased)to see you.接電話的習(xí)慣用語有:This is Li Ming speaking.道別的習(xí)慣用語有:Bye./So long./See you later.服務(wù)人員的應(yīng)答用語有:Yes,Sir./Yes,Madame./Take your time.
考點(diǎn)2 破交際定勢類
漢語和英語在交際文化方面有許多共同之處,但也存在諸多差異。這些差異往往是考查的重中之重。我們要力求用英語思維,避免母語交際定勢的干擾,要根據(jù)英語的文化交際習(xí)慣來應(yīng)答。如:當(dāng)中國人聽到對方夸獎或贊美自己時,習(xí)慣上要說些表示謙虛的話;而英美人則不同,他們總是先接受對方的夸獎,再表示謝意。如:
一You’ve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner,Mrs.Wang.王太太,您給我們提供了一頓極好的中式晚餐。
I’m glad you enjoyed it.我很高興你們喜歡。
考點(diǎn)3
語言結(jié)構(gòu)類
這類題要求考生根據(jù)對話情景和所掌握的正確語言結(jié)構(gòu)來做出選擇。以習(xí)慣用法和變異句(如省略句)居多。如當(dāng)說話人對剛剛提出的說法或意見持肯定態(tài)度時,可以說:Yes,I think(suppose,believe)SO./Yes,I’m'afraid SO.對剛剛提出的說法或意見持否定態(tài)度,則說:No,I don’t think(suppose) so./No,I don’t believe so./No,I believe(suppose)not./No,I hope not./No,I am afraid not.“Do you mind…?”常用于表示請求對方允許。如果同意,則用“No,go ahead./No,of course not./No,not at a11.”等來回答;如果不同意,可用“I’m sorry I do.”來回答。
考點(diǎn)4
情景用語類
根據(jù)不同的交際情景,說話者會采用不同的交際用語來表達(dá)自己的態(tài)度和情感。如表示不肯定或沒把握,人們會說:I am afraid that…/It depends.表示不耐煩和催促的用語有:
Well,well./Come on./Hurry up!表示驚奇和有把握的用語有:No wonder…/No doubt…如:
一What do you want to do next?We have half an hour until the basketball game.接下來你準(zhǔn)備做什么?在籃球賽之前我們還有半小時。
一It’s up to you.Whatever you want to do is fine with me.這取決于你。你想做什么我都同意。
【2024重慶卷】26.-The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum has been cancelled.
-Oh, no!______.
A. It’s a pity
B. It doesn’t matter
C.I knew it already
D. It’s not interesting at all
【考點(diǎn)】交際用語
【答案】A
【解析】分析題干語境可知,答語表示的是對于現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)展覽活動的取消表示遺憾。因此,正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
【2024遼寧卷】23.
— I’m terribly sorry to interrupt, but may I use your phone? It’s rather urgent.
— Yes,
.
A.
with pleasure
B.
no burry
C.
it doesn’t matter
D.
of course
【考點(diǎn)】交際用語
【答案】D
【解析】由前面的Yes可知,第二個人同意對方用他的電話,所以用of course。學(xué)生可能會誤選為A,with pleasure意為“樂意幫忙”而這個題是說對方當(dāng)然可以用他的電話,所以with pleasure在這兒不合題意?!?024四川卷】. —Excuse me. How much is the shirt?
— _______.
A. Extra Large
B. 50 each
C. It sells well
D. Altogether there are 5
【答案】 B
【考點(diǎn)】本題考查交際用語。
【解析】句意為“打擾一下,這襯衫多少錢?”“______?!盇意為“超大號”,B意為“每件50”C意為“它很暢銷”,D意為“總共有5(件)”。根據(jù)語境,故選B。
【2024四川卷】3.—Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime. 高666考%%資&&&源
—Sure. ______.
A. I did
B. I do
C. I shall
D. I will
【答案】 D
【考點(diǎn)】本題考查交際用語。
【解析】根據(jù)上句“再見,約翰。(歡迎)找個時間再來?!倍xD,意為:我會的,我愿意。